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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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03/11/2020

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Updated Guidance on Evaluating and Testing Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
CDC, March 11, 2020 Brand

Clinicians should use their judgment to determine if a patient has signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and whether the patient should be tested. Most patients with confirmed COVID-19 have developed fever1 and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness (e.g., cough, difficulty breathing). Priorities for testing include several factors.

How Coronavirus Hijacks Your Cells
J Corum et al, NY Times, March 11, 2020

The virus’s genome is less than 30,000 genetic “letters” long.The infected cell reads the RNA and begins making proteins that will keep the immune system at bay and help assemble new copies of the virus. Antibiotics kill bacteria and do not work against viruses. But researchers are testing antiviral drugs that might disrupt viral proteins and stop the infection.

The Lancet Publications Portal on Coronavirus
The Lancet, 2020

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein
B Diao et al, MEDRXIV, March 10, 2020

Prediction of COVID-19 Spreading Profiles in South Korea, Italy and Iran by Data-Driven Coding
C Zhan et al, MEDRXIV, March 10, 2020

This work applies a data-driven coding method for prediction of the COVID-19 spreading profile in any given population that shows an initial phase of epidemic progression. This is based on the historical data collected for COVID-19 spreading in 367 cities in China and a set of parameters.

Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using a CRISPR-based DETECTR Lateral Flow Assay
JP Broughton et al, MEDRXIV< March 10, 2020

Here we report the development of SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR, a rapid (~30 min), low-cost, and accurate CRISPR-Cas12 based lateral flow assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2. We validated this method using contrived reference samples and clinical samples from infected US patients and demonstrated comparable performance to the US CDC SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay.

The epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Jingmen,Hubei,China
MedRXIV, March 10, 2020

Transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak and effectiveness of government interventions: A data-driven analysis.
Fang Yaqing et al. Journal of medical virology 2020 Mar

Evidence from the four-phase stringent measures showed that it was significant to ensure early detection, early isolation, early treatment, adequate medical supplies, patients' being admitted to designated hospitals and comprehensive therapy.

Patient acceptance of genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia in the CASCADE FH Registry.
Gidding Samuel S et al. Journal of clinical lipidology 2020 Feb

Barriers to genetic testing and subsequent family cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) include cost, patient and provider awareness, privacy and discrimination concerns, need for a physician order, underutilization of genetic counselors, and family concerns about the implications of genetic testing for care.

Systematic Review of Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.
Padilla-Martínez Felipe et al. International journal of molecular sciences 2020 Mar 21(5)

A review of clinical pharmacogenetics Studies in African populations.
Radouani Fouzia et al. Personalized medicine 2020 Mar

Genetic counselor implicit bias and its effects on cognitive and affective exchanges in racially discordant simulations.
Lowe Chenery L et al. Journal of genetic counseling 2020 Mar

Previous studies have linked clinicians' implicit racial bias with less patient-centered communication between healthcare providers and patients in a variety of healthcare contexts. The current study explored influence of implicit racial bias in genetic counselors' facilitation of simulated clients' cognitive and emotional processing during genetic counseling sessions

Racial and ethnic differences in genetic counseling experiences and outcomes in the United States: A systematic review.
Southwick Sabrina V et al. Journal of genetic counseling 2020 Mar

As genetic counseling services expand and reach a wider catchment of the population, there is a critical need to better understand the impact of services on a greater diversity of patients. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate genetic counseling experiences and outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities using six databases.

The Prevalence of Sickle Cell Trait in Division I University Athletics Programs.
Hirschhorn Rebecca M et al. The Physician and sportsmedicine 2020 Mar

Genotype and Phenotype Concordance for Pharmacogenetic Tests Through Proficiency Survey Testing: An Update.
Moyer Ann M et al. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2020 Mar

Although laboratories are performing well, there is room for improvement, particularly for challenging genes, such as CYP2D6 . Efforts in the field of pharmacogenomics to recommend alleles that should be included in clinical tests, identify reference materials, and standardize translation from genotype to phenotype may address some of the remaining variability.

The impact of machine learning on patient care: A systematic review.
Ben-Israel David et al. Artificial intelligence in medicine 2020 Mar 103101785

Most studies are retrospective and often outlines proof-of-concept approaches to impact patient care. We postulate that identifying and overcoming key translational barriers, including real-time access to clinical data, data security, physician approval of "black box" generated results, and performance evaluation will allow for a shift in medical practice,


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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