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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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11/15/2021

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status A Systematic-Review and Meta-analysis
S Magesh et al, JAMA Network Open, November 2021

n this systematic review and meta-analysis of 4.3 million patients from 68 studies, African American, Hispanic, and Asian American individuals had a higher risk of COVID-19 positivity and ICU admission but lower mortality rates than White individuals. Socioeconomic disparity and clinical care quality were associated with COVID-19 mortality and incidence in racial and ethnic minority groups. The area deprivation index was positively correlated with mortality rates in Asian American and Hispanic individuals (P?<?.001). Decreased access to clinical care was positively correlated with COVID-19 positivity in Hispanic individuals (P?<?.001) and African American individuals (P?<?.001).

Direct Comparison of Antibody Responses to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Mongolia
NJ Dashdorj et al, Cell Host and Microbe, November 2021

Using Deep Learning Sequence Models to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Divergence
Y Ding et al, ARXIV, November 12, 2021

Cost-effectiveness analysis of BNT162b2 COVID-19 booster vaccination in the United States
R Li et al, MEDRXIV, November 14, 2021

Case Series of Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination--United States, December 2020-August 2021
I See et al, MEDRXIV, November 14, 2021

52 TTS cases were confirmed following Ad26.COV2.S (n=50) or mRNA-based COVID-19 (n=2) vaccination. TTS reporting rates were 3.55per million (Ad26.COV2.S) and 0.0057 per million (mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines). Median age of patients with TTS following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination was 43.5 years (range: 18-70); 70% were female. Both TTS cases following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination occurred in males aged >50 years. All cases following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination involved hospitalization including 32 (64%) admitted to an intensive care unit. Outcomes following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination included death (12%), discharge to post-acute care (16%), and discharge home (72%).

Using high-resolution contact networks to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in large-scale multi-day events
R Pung et al, MEDRXIV, November 14, 2021

Limited impact of contact tracing in a University setting for COVID-19 due to asymptomatic transmission and social distancing
DA Stocks et al, MEDRXIV, November 14, 2021

We investigate the spread of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of contact tracing in a university population, using a data-driven ego-centric network model constructed with social contact data collected during 2020 and similar data collected in 2010. We find that during 2020, university staff and students consistently reported fewer social contacts than in 2010, however those contacts occurred more frequently and were of longer duration. We find that contact tracing in the presence of social distancing is less impactful than without social distancing. By combining multiple data sources, we show that University-aged populations are likely to develop asymptomatic COVID-19 infections. We find that asymptomatic index cases cannot be reliably back-traced through contact tracing and consequently transmission in their social network is not significantly reduced through contact tracing.

AI/ML Models to Aid in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Illness from Forced Cough Vocalizations: Results and Challenges of a Systematic Review of the Relevant Literature
K Kelley et al, MEDRXIV, November 14, 2021 Brand

Attitudes among parents of persons with autism spectrum disorder towards information about genetic risk and future health
J Johannessen et al, EJHG, November 15, 2021

We investigated attitudes towards sharing information about genetic risk of ASD and knowledge about future health among parent members of the Norwegian Autism Association (N?=?1455) using a questionnaire, and the relationships with parent and child characteristics, such as age, gender and ASD severity. Most preferred autonomy in deciding whom to inform about genetic risk of ASD (74.4%) and a minority supported extensive intra-familial disclosure of the genetic risk (41.1%). The majority agreed that it is an obligation to know as much as possible relevant for future health (58.0%) and only 51.7% agreed to a principle of a ‘right not to know’.

The Framing of machine learning risk prediction models illustrated by evaluation of sepsis in general wards
S Lauritsen et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, November 15, 2021

We introduce the basic concepts of framing, including prediction windows, observation windows, window shifts and event-triggers for a prediction that strongly affects the risk of clinician fatigue caused by false positives. Building on this, we apply four different framing structures to the same generic dataset, using a sepsis risk prediction model as an example, and evaluate how framing affects model performance and learning. Our results show that an apparently good model with strong evaluation results in both discrimination and calibration is not necessarily clinically usable.


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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