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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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10/07/2023

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Autonomous AI systems in the face of liability, regulations and costs.
Agustina D Saenz et al. NPJ Digit Med 2023 10 (1) 185

From the abstract: "This perspective explores the liability implications for physicians, hospitals, and creators of AI technology, as well as the evolving regulatory landscape and payment models. Physicians may be favored in malpractice cases if they follow rigorously validated AI recommendations. However, AI developers may face liability for failing to adhere to industry-standard best practices during development and implementation. "

Improving model fairness in image-based computer-aided diagnosis.
Mingquan Lin et al. Nat Commun 2023 10 (1) 6261

From the abstract: "Deep learning has become a popular tool for computer-aided diagnosis using medical images, sometimes matching or exceeding the performance of clinicians. However, these models can also reflect and amplify human bias, potentially resulting inaccurate missed diagnoses. Despite this concern, the problem of improving model fairness in medical image classification by deep learning has yet to be fully studied. "

Ethics of artificial intelligence in prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine.
Simon Coghlan et al. J Community Genet 2023 10

From the abstract: " This paper examines the ethics of introducing emerging forms of artificial intelligence (AI) into prenatal and pediatric genomic medicine. Application of genomic AI to these early life settings has not received much attention in the ethics literature. We focus on three contexts: (1) prenatal genomic sequencing for possible fetal abnormalities, (2) rapid genomic sequencing for critically ill children, and (3) reanalysis of genomic data obtained from children for diagnostic purposes."

Digital phenotyping could help detect autism.
Catherine Lord et al. Nat Med 2023 10

From the paper: " Researchers have developed a screening tool for autism that uses computer vision and machine learning to analyze autism-related behaviors — but greater reliability and robust validation will be needed if such tools are to be used in primary care settings."

Relationship satisfaction in adults with phenylketonuria is positively associated with following recommended treatment, having a partner involved in management, and maintaining good health.
Rachel Sundstrom et al. J Community Genet 2023 10

From the abstract: " Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic condition that requires treatment for life. There is increasing evidence that chronic illnesses put strain on relationships and marriages. However, no studies have examined the unique factors that metabolic conditions have on affected individuals and their relationship satisfaction. We surveyed a population of adult patients with PKU and assessed how management, treatment, and lifestyle factors impact their relationship satisfaction."

Multigenetic Pharmacogenomics-Guided Treatment vs Treatment As Usual Among Hospitalized Men With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Zhewei Kang et al. JAMA Netw Open 2023 10 (10) e2335518

From the abstract: "What is the therapeutic efficacy of multigenic pharmacogenomics–guided treatment in patients with schizophrenia? In this randomized clinical trial that included 210 Chinese Han men, patients treated with multigenetic pharmacogenomics–guided treatment had a greater symptom improvement than those treated with treatment as usual after a 6-week treatment, measured as the mean difference in percentage change of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. Meaning Multigenetic pharmacogenomic testing can be an effective tool to guide the treatment of schizophrenia. "


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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