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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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01/25/2023

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Archived Hot Topics of the Day By Date

How to regulate evolving AI health algorithms.
David W Bates et al. Nature medicine 2023 1 (1) 26

Regulation of healthcare information technology has long been a thorny problem. Unlike drugs and devices that are relatively static, information technology such as apps, telehealth and artificial intelligence (AI) needs to evolve rapidly. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the main authority to regulate these products in the USA, to assure that they are safe and effective, but its approval cycle typically takes months to years. This does not fit well with software, which needs to be updated weekly or monthly.

Tools such as ChatGPT threaten transparent science; here are our ground rules for their use.
et al. Nature 2023 1 (7945) 612

The release of the AI chatbot ChatGPT has brought the capabilities of AI tools, known as large language models (LLMs), to a mass audience. Its developers, OpenAI, have made the chatbot free to use and easily accessible for people who don’t have technical expertise. Millions are using it, and the result has been an explosion of fun and sometimes frightening writing experiments that have turbocharged the growing excitement and consternation about these tools.

Overcoming and mitigating ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence in health and medicine: The search continues
N Liu et al, BMC Blog, December 2022

Besides potential bias and inequalities, already well-established as ethical concerns associated with the use of AI in health care, there are also numerous other challenges that may have significant impact on patient care. AI has the potential to impact not only diagnosis but also prevention, treatment, and disease management on systems-scale, thus raising broader questions about its role in public health, for example in anticipating epidemics and providing patient support. AI is data-driven and health care data are often difficult (or even impossible) to anonymise, raising worries about privacy and data protection for patients.

Rethinking evidence in medicine.
et al. Nature medicine 2023 1 (1) 1

New therapeutics and health technologies require fresh approaches to demonstrating safety and efficacy. This collection will bring together key stakeholders to discuss how evidence-based medicine should evolve to assess these technological advances, from gene editing to artificial intelligence health algorithms.

Disparities According to Genetic Ancestry in the Use of Precision Oncology Assays.
Douglas A Mata et al. The New England journal of medicine 2023 1 (3) 281-283

Modern oncology care relies on the assessment of tumor genomic profiles. Although it is known that there are racial and ethnic disparities in cancer outcomes, evidence regarding disparities in access to this increasingly important step in cancer diagnosis and treatment is lacking.1 We examined the use of next-generation sequencing assays according to genetic ancestry of patients in a large cancer genomics database.

Risk assessment for colorectal cancer via polygenic risk score and lifestyle exposure: a large-scale association study of East Asian and European populations.
Junyi Xin et al. Genome medicine 2023 1 (1) 4

Using the UK Biobank cohort, we further validated a significant dose-response effect of PRSCSx on incident colorectal cancer, in which the risk was 2.11- and 3.88-fold higher in individuals with intermediate and high PRSCSx than in the low score subgroup (Ptrend = 8.15 × 10-53). Notably, the detrimental effect of being at a high genetic risk could be largely attenuated by adherence to a favorable lifestyle, with a 0.53% reduction in 5-year absolute risk.


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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