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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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07/29/2020

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Archived Hot Topics of the Day By Date

Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
JY KO et al, MEDRXIV, July 29, 2020

In models adjusting for the presence of an individual underlying medical condition, higher hospitalization rates were observed for adults =65 years, 45-64 years (versus 18-44 years), males (versus females), and non-Hispanic black and other race/ethnicities (versus non-Hispanic whites).

High-throughput SARS-CoV-2 and host genome sequencing from single nasopharyngeal swabs
JE Gorzynski et al, MEDRXIV, July 29, 2020

There is an urgent need for efficient approaches to this data generation at scale. We have developed a scalable, high throughput approach to generate high fidelity low pass whole genome and HLA sequencing, viral genomes, and representation of human transcriptome from single nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID19 patients.

COVID-19 and School Closures
JM Donohue et al, JAMA, July 29, 2020

A precision public health approach means having easy access to real-time data to evaluate the effectiveness of specific approaches and adjust accordingly. A precision public health approach also benefits from strong collaborations. School nurses, administrators, parents, and educators need to perceive data and experts interpreting these data as trustworthy.

Association of COVID-19 inflammation with activation of the C5a–C5aR1 axis
J Carvelli et al, Nature, July 29, 2020

NIH Launches Platform to Serve as Depository for COVID-19 Medical Data
R Rubin, JAMA, July 28, 2020

Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic
MF Boni, Nat Microbiology, July 28, 2020

Divergence dates between SARS-CoV-2 and the bat sarbecovirus reservoir were estimated as 1948 (95% highest posterior density (HPD): 1879–1999), 1969 (95% HPD: 1930–2000) and 1982 (95% HPD: 1948–2009), indicating that the lineage giving rise to SARS-CoV-2 has been circulating unnoticed in bats for decades.

Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses
SW Choi et al, Nature Protocols, July 24, 2020

We provide detailed guidelines for performing and interpreting polygenic risk scores (PRS) analyses. We outline standard quality control steps, discuss different methods for the calculation of PRS, provide an online tutorial, highlight common misconceptions relating to PRS results, offer recommendations for best practice and discuss future challenges.

Discriminative Accuracy of Plasma Phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer Disease vs Other Neurodegenerative Disorders
S Palmqvist et al, JAMA Neurology, July 28 2020

In this cross-sectional study of 1402 participants, plasma P-tau217 discriminated Alzheimer disease from other neurodegenerative diseases (AUC of 0.89 in a neuropathologically defined cohort and 0.96 in a clinically defined cohort), with performance that was significantly better than established Alzheimer disease plasma- and MRI-based biomarkers.

Obesity, clinical, and genetic predictors for glycemic progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using the Hong Kong Diabetes Register and Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank
G Jiang et al, PLOS Medicine, July 28, 2020

We found that the polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from 123 known risk variants for T2D was associated with early age of diagnosis and rapid glycemic progression, with validation in the replication cohort of HKDB, whereas the PRS derived from 63 BMI-related variants was associated with BMI but not glycemic progression.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, and cancer: A mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank and international genetic consortia participants.
Larsson Susanna C et al. PLoS medicine 2020 Jul (7) e1003178

Our findings support the well-established relationship between smoking and lung cancer and suggest that smoking may also be a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck, oesophagus, stomach, cervix, and bladder. We found no evidence supporting a relationship between alcohol consumption and overall or site-specific cancer risk.


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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