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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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01/21/2023

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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Archived Hot Topics of the Day By Date

Explainable artificial intelligence for mental health through transparency and interpretability for understandability.
Joyce Dan W et al. NPJ digital medicine 2023 1 (1) 6

The literature on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) in mental health and psychiatry lacks consensus on what “explainability” means. In the more general XAI (eXplainable AI) literature, there has been some convergence on explainability meaning model-agnostic techniques that augment a complex model (with internal mechanics intractable for human understanding) with a simpler model argued to deliver results that humans can comprehend.

A machine-learning-derived, in silico marker for CAD identifies underdiagnosed patients.
Huynh Karina et al. Nature reviews. Cardiology 2023 1

Current risk prediction tools for coronary artery disease (CAD) do not measure disease on a continuous scale and use only a small number of variables for risk prediction, disregarding much of the data contained in electronic health records (EHRs). In a new study, a machine learning model trained using clinical data from EHRs generated a novel, in silico quantitative score for CAD that can quantify disease pathophysiology and clinical outcomes on a continuous spectrum.

Wearables and AI better predict the progression of muscular dystrophy
Nature Medicine, January 20, 2023

Clinical trials in neurological diseases often involve subjective, qualitative endpoints, such ‘by eye’ observations of movement. We developed an artificial intelligence–based method to analyze natural daily behavior data from people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, using machine-learning algorithms to accurately predict their personal disease trajectories better than conventional clinical assessments.

The Singapore National Precision Medicine Strategy.
Wong Eleanor et al. Nature genetics 2023 1

The 10-year initiative aims to generate precision medicine data of up to one million individuals, integrating genomic, lifestyle, health, social and environmental data. Beyond technologies, routine adoption of precision medicine in clinical practice requires social, ethical, legal and regulatory barriers to be addressed. Identifying driver use cases in which precision medicine results in standardized changes to clinical workflows or improvements in population health, coupled with health economic analysis to demonstrate value-based healthcare, is a vital prerequisite for responsible health system adoption.

How our microbiome is shaped by family, friends and even neighbours.
Callaway Ewen et al. Nature 2023 1

People living in the same household share more than just a roof (and pints of milk). Be they family or flatmate, housemates tend to have the same microbes colonizing their bodies, and the longer the cohabitation, the more similar these microbiomes become. The conclusion — based on a new study of the gut and mouth microbiomes of thousands of people from around the world1 — raises the possibility that diseases linked to microbiome dysfunction, including cancer, diabetes and obesity, could be partly transmissible.


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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