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Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
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01/17/2023

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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PRISMA AI reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on AI in healthcare.
Cacciamani Giovanni E et al. Nature medicine 2023 1

Thousands of systematic reviews, including meta-analyses, are produced annually, with an increasing proportion reporting on artificial intelligence (AI) interventions in health care. With this rapid expansion, there is a need for reporting guidelines tailored to AI that will support high-quality, reproducible, and clinically relevant systematic reviews.

Machine learning identifies long COVID patterns from electronic health records.
et al. Nature medicine 2023 1

A machine learning algorithm identifies four reproducible clinical subphenotypes of long COVID from the electronic health records of patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 30–180 days of infection; these patterns have implications for the treatment and management of long COVID.

The case for including microbial sequences in the electronic health record.
Sintchenko Vitali et al. Nature medicine 2023 1

The growing availability of microbial genomes sequenced for health care rather than research raises the question of whether such data should be included in an individual’s electronic health records (EHR). While integrating human genome data into EHR has been widely discussed, microbial genomic data bring unique and important challenges.

Postoperative circulating tumor DNA could guide CRC adjuvant treatment.
et al. Nature medicine 2023 1

Our findings signify a paradigm shift in how we manage patients with CRC after surgery. The GALAXY interim findings show that ctDNA positivity at 4 weeks after surgery is a strong prognostic marker that identifies a group of patients at high risk of both CRC recurrence and decreased DFS. This suggests that ctDNA status might have value as a surrogate end point or marker of treatment efficacy in clinical trials, which has the potential to considerably reduce trial duration and expedite the approval of new therapies in the future.

Molecular residual disease and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Kotani Daisuke et al. Nature medicine 2023 1

We report results from GALAXY, which is an observational arm of the ongoing CIRCULATE-Japan study (UMIN000039205) that analyzed presurgical and postsurgical ctDNA in patients with stage II–IV resectable CRC (n?=?1,039). In this cohort, with a median follow-up of 16.74 months (range 0.49–24.83 months), postsurgical ctDNA positivity (at 4?weeks after surgery) was associated with higher recurrence risk (hazard ratio (HR) 10.0, P?<?0.0001) and was the most significant prognostic factor associated with recurrence risk in patients with stage II or III CRC (HR 10.82, P?<?0.001).

Precision medicine: affording the successes of science.
Lu Christine Y et al. NPJ precision oncology 2023 1 (1) 3

Drug development in ever-smaller target populations is a critical component of the rising costs of care. For structural and historical reasons, drug development is inefficient and poorly integrated across the public and private sectors. We postulate an alternative, integrated model in which governments and industry share the risks and benefits of drug development.


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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