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Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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147 hot topic(s) found with the query "Pain"

DNA test says it can predict opioid addiction risk. Skeptics aren’t so sure.
D Ovalle, Washington Post, March 25, 2024 (Posted: Mar 25, 2024 8AM)

From the article: " Using a swab inside the cheek and a sophisticated computer algorithm, a DNA test recently approved by federal regulators promises to assess genetic risk of opioid addiction. The test’s maker says results give doctors and patients a crucial tool when considering use of the very pain pills that ignited the nation’s opioid crisis. Some geneticists and public health experts say the test relies on unsound science."

UK first to approve CRISPR treatment for diseases: what you need to know
C Wong. Nature. November 16, 2023 (Posted: Nov 17, 2023 8AM)

From the article: "In a world first, the UK medicines regulator has approved a therapy that uses CRISPR gene editing as a treatment for diseases. The decision marks another high point for a biotechnology that has regularly been lauded as revolutionary in the decade since its discovery. The therapy will treat the blood conditions sickle-cell disease and ß-thalassaemia. Sickle-cell disease, also known as sickle-cell anaemia, can cause debilitating pain, and people with ß-thalassaemia can require regular blood transfusion. "

A Proclamation on National Sickle Cell Awareness Month, 2023
The White House, September 2023. (Posted: Sep 01, 2023 0PM)

During National Sickle Cell Awareness Month, we recognize the perseverance and strength of the community of people living with this disease and recommit to developing more effective treatments. Approximately 100,000 Americans have Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) — a group of inherited red blood cell disorders that can cause acute, chronic pain and serious health complications, including infections, strokes, organ damage, vision problems, and serious fatigue. Living with SCD often means putting the goals and plans of everyday life on hold to accommodate the demands of the disease, enduring frequent unplanned hospital stays and struggling to pay for costly treatments not covered by insurance.

Genome-wide association study on pharmacological outcomes of musculoskeletal pain in UK Biobank.
Song Li et al. Pharmacogenomics J 2023 8 (Posted: Aug 18, 2023 7AM)

To investigate the genetic component of treatment outcome differences, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in ~23,000 participants with musculoskeletal pain from the UK Biobank. NSAID vs. opioid users were compared as a reflection of the treatment outcome of NSAIDs. We identified one genome-wide significant hit in chromosome 4 (rs549224715, P?=?3.88?×?10-8). Suggestive significant (P?<?1?×?10-6) loci were functionally annotated to 18 target genes, including four genes linked to neuropathic pain processes or musculoskeletal development.

Randomized-controlled trial assessing a digital care program versus conventional physiotherapy for chronic low back pain
D Cui et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, July 7, 2023 (Posted: Jul 10, 2023 8AM)

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with CLBP following a digital intervention versus evidence-based in-person physiotherapy. Our results demonstrate that patient satisfaction and adherence were high and similar between groups, although a significantly lower dropout rate is observed in the digital group (11/70, 15.7% versus 24/70, 34.3% in the conventional group; P?=?0.019). Both groups experience significant improvements in disability (primary outcome), with no differences between groups in change from baseline,

What Is Marfan Syndrome?
Heidi M Connolly et al. JAMA 2023 4 (Posted: Apr 15, 2023 8AM)

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue throughout the body. Marfan syndrome is estimated to affect 1 in 5000 individuals worldwide and occurs with equal frequency in males and females. People with Marfan syndrome often have eye lens dislocation, tall stature, long fingers and toes, flat feet, abnormal curvature of the spine, deformities of the breastbone, and stretch marks on their skin. Abnormal joint mobility, chronic pain, depression, and impaired vision occur more commonly in individuals with Marfan syndrome than in the general population.

Treating Chronic Pain in Sickle Cell Disease - The Need for a Biopsychosocial Model.
Janet E Childerhose et al. N Engl J Med 2023 4 (15) 1349-1351 (Posted: Apr 13, 2023 6AM)

Chronic pain is the most common complication affecting adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Pain profoundly affects people’s quality of life, functional ability, and health care utilization. Clinicians are often unsuccessful at addressing chronic pain in SCD, especially among the large number of patients for whom nonopioid analgesics aren’t sufficient and those who have developed opioid tolerance. Why aren’t we doing better?

Efanesoctocog alfa for hemophilia A: results from a phase 1 repeat-dose study.
Toshko Lissitchkov et al. Blood advances 2021 11 (4) 1089-1094 (Posted: Jan 26, 2023 7AM)

We conducted a phase 3 study involving patients 12 years of age or older with severe hemophilia A. In patients with severe hemophilia A, once-weekly efanesoctocog alfa provided superior bleeding prevention to prestudy prophylaxis, normal to near-normal factor VIII activity, and improvements in physical health, pain, and joint health.

Sickle Cell Cure Brings Mix of Anxiety and Hope
G Kolata, NY Times, January 17, 2023 (Posted: Jan 18, 2023 0PM)

Some people who have long lived with the disease say they worry about living as a healthy person, while others are concerned about the obstacles to getting treatment. Sickle cell disease affects at least 100,000 people in the United States and millions worldwide. It mostly strikes Black and Hispanic or Latino people, but it also occurs in people with Mediterranean and Indian ancestors. People with the disease face searing pain, stroke, damage to tissues and organs and often death at an early age.

Targeted therapy for osteoarthritis: progress and pitfalls.
Schäfer Nicole et al. Nature medicine 2022 12 (Posted: Dec 02, 2022 6AM)

Osteoarthritis is highly heterogeneous, so effective therapies will need to target clearly defined molecular endotypes, restore mechanical joint function and reduce pain; thus, a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach is unlikely to succeed.

Novel genetic loci associated with osteoarthritis in multi-ancestry analyses in the Million Veteran Program and UK Biobank.
McDonald Merry-Lynn N et al. Nature genetics 2022 11 (Posted: Nov 22, 2022 7AM)

We used the unique resources of 484,374 participants in the Million Veteran Program and UK Biobank to address this gap. Analyses included participants of European, African, Asian and Hispanic descent. We discovered osteoarthritis-associated genetic variation at 10 loci and replicated findings from previous osteoarthritis studies. We also present evidence that some osteoarthritis-associated regions are robust to population ancestry. Drug repurposing analyses revealed enrichment of targets of several medication classes and provide insight into the etiology of beneficial effects of antiepileptics on osteoarthritis pain.

Genetic Risk Factors for ME/CFS Identified using Combinatorial Analysis
S Das et al, MEDRXIV, September 9, 2022 (Posted: Sep 10, 2022 10AM)

We applied both GWAS and the PrecisionLife combinatorial analytics platform to analyze ME/CFS cohorts from UK Biobank, including the Pain Questionnaire cohort, in a case-control design with 1,000 cycles of fully random permutation. The results from this study were supported by a series of replication and cohort comparison experiments, including use of a disjoint Verbal Interview cohort also derived from UK Biobank, and results compared for reproducibility. Results: Combinatorial analysis revealed 199 SNPs mapping to 14 genes, that were significantly associated with 91% of the cases in the ME/CFS population.

Bringing Sickle-Cell Treatments to Children in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Zhou Albert E et al. The New England journal of medicine 2022 8 (6) 488-491 (Posted: Aug 11, 2022 7AM)

A diagnosis of sickle-cell disease (SCD) portends a lifetime of crises marked by substantial pain, infections, anemia, and increased risk of stroke. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to the majority of people living with SCD. About 236,000 babies are born with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa each year (more than 80 times as many as in the United States), and up to 90% will die during childhood, typically before their fifth birthday. In the United States, by contrast, people with SCD often live into their 40s or beyond. An important contributor to this disparity is differential access to hydroxyurea, a chemotherapeutic agent that reduces the frequency of sickle-cell crises and prolongs survival.

A tool for translating polygenic scores onto the absolute scale using summary statistics
O Pain et al, EJHG, January 4, 2022 (Posted: Jan 04, 2022 6AM)

There is growing interest in the clinical application of polygenic scores as their predictive utility increases for a range of health-related phenotypes. However, providing polygenic score predictions on the absolute scale is an important step for their safe interpretation. We have developed a method to convert polygenic scores to the absolute scale for binary and normally distributed phenotypes. This method uses summary statistics, requiring only the area-under-the-ROC curve (AUC) or variance explained (R2) by the polygenic score, and the prevalence of binary phenotypes, or mean and standard deviation of normally distributed phenotype.

Safety Monitoring of mRNA Vaccines Administered During the Initial 6 Months of the U.S. COVID-19 Vaccination Program: Reports to Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and v-safe
HG Rosenblum et al, MEDRXIV, October 27, 2021 (Posted: Oct 28, 2021 0PM)

During the analytic period, 298,792,852 doses of mRNA vaccines were administered in the United States. VAERS processed 340,522 reports; 92.1% were non-serious; 6.6%, serious, non-death; and 1.3%, death. Over half of 7,914,583 v-safe participants self-reported local and systemic reactogenicity, more frequently after dose 2. Injection-site pain, fatigue, and headache were commonly reported during days 0-7 following vaccination. Reactogenicity was reported most frequently one day after vaccination; most reactions were mild.

COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease: Frequently Asked Questions
American Society for Hematology, 2021 (Posted: Sep 03, 2021 7AM)

How do people with sickle cell disease (SCD) do with COVID-19? How should I evaluate respiratory symptoms in children and adults with an active COVID-19 infection? Should I change my use of exchange transfusion for neurological acute symptoms suggesting a stroke or transient ischemic attack? Should I change my use of exchange transfusion or regular blood transfusion for primary and secondary stroke prevention, secondary prevention of ACS, pain or priapism? My patient usually receives antigen-matched red cells. Should I use non-matched units if there is a blood shortage?

Appraisal and development of evidence-based clinical decision support to enable perioperative pharmacogenomic application
BA Borden et al, The Pharmacogenomics Journal, August 10, 2021 (Posted: Aug 10, 2021 3PM)

Variable responses to medications complicates perioperative care. As a potential solution, we evaluated and synthesized pharmacogenomic evidence that may inform anesthesia and pain prescribing to identify clinically actionable drug/gene pairs. Clinical decision-support (CDS) summaries were developed and were evaluated using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II.

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents.
Frenck Robert W et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 5 (3) 239-250 (Posted: Jul 15, 2021 7AM)

Overall, 2260 adolescents 12 to 15 years of age received injections; 1131 received BNT162b2, and 1129 received placebo. As has been found in other age groups, BNT162b2 had a favorable safety and side-effect profile, with mainly transient mild-to-moderate reactogenicity (predominantly injection-site pain [in 79 to 86% of participants], fatigue [in 60 to 66%], and headache [in 55 to 65%]); there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events and few overall severe adverse events. The geometric mean ratio of SARS-CoV-2 50% neutralizing titers after dose 2 in 12-to-15-year-old participants relative to 16-to-25-year-old participants was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 2.10), which met the noninferiority criterion.

Treatment of Acute Pain in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease in an Infusion Center Versus the Emergency Department : A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
Lanzkron Sophie et al. Annals of internal medicine 2021 7 (Posted: Jul 07, 2021 8AM)

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). Infusion centers (ICs) are alternatives to emergency department (ED) care and may improve patient outcomes. This prospective cohort study in 4 US sites recruited 483 adults with SCD and followed up for 18 months. The study found that in adults with SCD having a VOC, treatment in an IC is associated with substantially better outcomes than treatment in an ED.

For people in sickle cell crisis, specialized infusion centers offer far better care than the ER, study finds
A Joseph, StatNews, July 5, 2021 (Posted: Jul 07, 2021 7AM)

People with sickle cell disease who were experiencing acute pain crises received far better care at specialized infusion centers than emergency departments, with faster access to pain medication and lower rates of hospital admissions. A new study highlights how the barriers to quality treatment in emergency rooms can lead to worse outcomes for patients with sickle cell disease.

Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination
HW Kim et al, JAMA, June 29, 2021 (Posted: Jun 30, 2021 7AM)

In this study of 7 patients with acute myocarditis, 4 occurred within 5 days of COVID-19 vaccination between February 1 and April 30, 2021. All 4 patients had received the second dose of a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, presented with severe chest pain, had biomarker evidence of myocardial injury, were hospitalized, and had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings typical of myocarditis.

Determining the potential clinical value of panel-based pharmacogenetic testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux disease
AL Elchynsky et al, The PGx journal, June 3, 2021 (Posted: Jun 04, 2021 11AM)

We aimed to determine the potential value of panel-based pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who underwent single-gene PGx testing to guide opioid or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, respectively. Of 448 patients included (chronic pain, n?=?337; GERD, n?=?111), mean age was 57 years, 68% were female, and 73% were white. Excluding opiates for the pain cohort and PPIs for the GERD cohort, 76.6% of patients with pain and 71.2% with GERD were prescribed at least one additional medication with a high level of PGx evidence, most commonly ondansetron or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

On That Edge of Fear’: One Woman’s Struggle With Sickle Cell Pain
J Eligon, NY Times, May 30, 2021 (Posted: May 30, 2021 10AM)

People with sickle cell, a rare, inherited blood disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene, typically endure episodes of debilitating pain as well as chronic pain. Roughly 100,000 Americans and millions of people globally, mostly in Africa, have the disease. Red blood cells that carry oxygen become stiff and curved like crescent moons, clogging blood vessels and starving the body of oxygen.

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19.
Al-Aly Ziyad et al. Nature 2021 4 (Posted: Apr 23, 2021 10AM)

We use the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to systematically and comprehensively identify 6-month incident sequalae including diagnoses, medication use, and laboratory abnormalities in 30-day survivors of COVID-19. We show that beyond the first 30 days of illness, people with COVID-19 exhibit higher risk of death and health resource utilization. Our high dimensional approach identifies incident sequalae in the respiratory system and several others including nervous system and neurocognitive disorders, mental health disorders, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, malaise, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and anemia.

Pharmacogenomics in Pain Management: A Review of Relevant Gene-Drug Associations and Clinical Considerations.
Brandl Emily et al. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2021 10600280211003875 (Posted: Mar 30, 2021 9AM)

More than 300 Food and Drug Administration-approved medications contain pharmacogenomic information in their labeling. Genetic variability may alter the therapeutic effects of commonly prescribed pain medications. Pharmacogenomic-guided therapy continues to gain traction in clinical practice, but a multitude of barriers to widespread pharmacogenomic implementation exist.

CYP2D6 genotype and reduced codeine analgesic effect in real-world clinical practice
DC Leon et al, Pharmacogenomics Journal, March 2021 (Posted: Mar 15, 2021 4PM)

We studied 157 patients on codeine. Based on CYP2D6 genotyping, 69 were classified as poor/intermediate and 88 as normal/ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers. In a propensity-score adjusted model, poor/intermediate metabolizers had lower odds (OR?=?0.35, p?=?0.02) of achieving a pain response than normal/ultrarapid metabolizers. Using a score that includes CYP2D6 phenotype and clinical variables, we found that response rate was 38.5% among patients in the high, 17.3% in the intermediate, and 9.4% in the low-score groups, respectively (p?=?0.001).

Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine
CDC, March 5, 2021 Brand (Posted: Mar 05, 2021 11AM)

In most cases, discomfort from pain or fever is a normal sign that your body is building protection. Contact your doctor or healthcare provider: If the redness or tenderness where you got the shot gets worse after 24 hours If your side effects are worrying you or do not seem to be going away after a few days.

Comparison of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Patient Decision Aid vs Educational Material on Decision Quality, Shared Decision-Making, Patient Experience, and Functional Outcomes in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Jayakumar Prakash et al. JAMA network open 2021 Feb 4(2) e2037107 (Posted: Feb 23, 2021 9AM)

This randomized clinical trial at a single US academic orthopedic practice included 129 new adult patients presenting for OA-related knee pain from March 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed from April to May 2020.Patients were randomized into a group that received a decision aid including patient education, preference assessment, and personalized outcome estimations (intervention group) or a group receiving educational material only (control group) alongside usual care.

Deep convolutional neural networks to predict cardiovascular risk from computed tomography
R Zelznik et al, NAture Comms, February 1, 2021 (Posted: Feb 01, 2021 8AM)

As we evaluate in 20,084 individuals from distinct asymptomatic (Framingham Heart Study, NLST) and stable and acute chest pain (PROMISE, ROMICAT-II) cohorts, the automated score is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of risk factors (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios up to 4.3), shows high correlation with manual quantification, and robust test-retest reliability.

When Actions Speak Louder Than Words - Racism and Sickle Cell Disease.
Power-Hays Alexandra et al. The New England journal of medicine 2020 Sep (Posted: Sep 04, 2020 7AM)

The access to and delivery of high-quality health care for patients with SCD is disrupted by interpersonal racism. Too often patients with SCD simultaneously combat unbearable pain and racist attitudes expressed by health care workers. Despite inexorable pain, patients report getting dressed nicely before presenting to the emergency department in an attempt to avoid judgment and receive better care.

Artificial intelligence to improve back pain outcomes and lessons learnt from clinical classification approaches: three systematic reviews
S Tagliaferri et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, July 9, 2020 (Posted: Jul 13, 2020 8AM)

Self-reported COVID-19 symptoms on Twitter: An analysis and a research resource
A Sarkeer et al, MEDRXIV, April 22, 2020 (Posted: Apr 22, 2020 7AM)

We identified 203 positive-tested users who reported 932 symptoms using 598 unique expressions. The most frequently-reported symptoms were fever/pyrexia (65%), cough (56%), body aches/pain (40%), headache (35%), fatigue (35%), and dyspnea (34%) amongst users who reported at least 1 symptom.

Comparing an artificial neural network to logistic regression for predicting ED visit risk among patients with cancer: a population-based cohort study.
Sutradhar Rinku et al. Journal of pain and symptom management 2020 Feb (Posted: Feb 26, 2020 8AM)

Although both models were similar in predictive performance using our data, artificial neural networks have an important role in prediction due to their flexible structure and data-driven distribution-free benefits, and should thus be considered as a potential modeling approach when developing a prediction tool.

Step aside CRISPR, RNA editing is taking off: Making changes to the molecular messengers that create proteins might offer flexible therapies for cancer, pain or high cholesterol, in addition to genetic disorders.
S Reardon, Nature, February 4, 2020 (Posted: Feb 05, 2020 9AM)

Effort To Control Opioids In An ER Leaves Some Sickle Cell Patients In Pain
S Whitehead, NPR, January 2, 2020 (Posted: Jan 03, 2020 9AM)

People with sickle cell disease aren't fueling the opioid problem, One study published in 2018 found that opioid use has remained stable among sickle cell patients over time, even as opioid use as risen in the U.S. generally. If anything, individuals with sickle cell disease have really been caught in the crossfire when it comes to this opioid epidemic.

International Differences in Outpatient Pain Management: A Survey of Sickle Cell Disease.
El-Amin Nadirah et al. Journal of clinical medicine 2019 Dec 8(12) (Posted: Dec 18, 2019 8AM)

US providers were more likely to prescribe opioids ( p < 0.001) and were more likely to be "very comfortable" prescribing opioids than non-US prescribers ( p < 0.001). US providers also tended to prescribe more tablets per patient of stronger opioids than non-US physicians

Gender based differences, pharmacogenetics and adverse events in chronic pain management.
Planelles Beatriz et al. The pharmacogenomics journal 2019 Nov (Posted: Nov 22, 2019 8AM)

Variation in hospital admission of sickle cell patients from the emergency department using the Pediatric Health Information System.
Jacob Seethal A et al. Pediatric blood & cancer 2019 Nov e28067 (Posted: Nov 20, 2019 8AM)

The results of our study confirm pain and fever as the most common primary diagnoses for children with SCD who seek acute care, as well as demonstrate that while significant variation in hospitalization exists, it is not associated with day of the week. Further studies to elucidate patient- and hospital-level factors that influence admission variation are necessary.

How the weather affects the pain of citizen scientists using a smartphone app
WG Dixon et al, NPJ digital Medicine, October 24, 2019 (Posted: Oct 25, 2019 1PM)

Our study Cloudy with a Chance of Pain analysed daily data from 2658 patients collected over a 15-month period. The analysis demonstrated significant yet modest relationships between pain and relative humidity, pressure and wind speed.

Improving Access to Care in Sickle Cell Disease
E Ivy, HRSA, September 23, 2019 (Posted: Sep 24, 2019 9AM)

I have lived with sickle cell disease for 48 years. The toll it takes goes far beyond pain – it has impacted me emotionally, economically, and psychosocially. The Sickle Cell Disease Treatment Demonstration Program aims to inform patients of treatments so they become active participants in their care.

Gut bacteria associated with chronic pain for first time- People with fibromyalgia show variations in microbiome composition
Eureka Alert, June 20, 2019 (Posted: Jun 20, 2019 11AM)

Genome-wide association study of multisite chronic pain in UK Biobank.
Johnston Keira J A et al. PLoS genetics 2019 Jun (6) e1008164 (Posted: Jun 20, 2019 9AM)

Management of Chronic Pain in Adults Living With Sickle Cell Disease in the Era of the Opioid Epidemic A Qualitative Study
CB Sinha, JAMA Network Open, May 24, 2019 (Posted: May 27, 2019 5PM)

Physical Activity Helps Arthritis Pain
CDC, May 2019 Brand (Posted: May 20, 2019 9AM)

At 71, She’s Never Felt Pain or Anxiety. Now Scientists Know Why.
H Murphy, NY Times, March 28, 2019 (Posted: Mar 31, 2019 10AM)

How Pain Tolerance and Anxiety Seem to Be Connected
H Murphy, NY Times, March 30, 2019 (Posted: Mar 31, 2019 10AM)

The case of a woman who feels almost no pain leads scientists to a new gene mutation
J Corley, StatNews, March 27, 2019 (Posted: Mar 29, 2019 10AM)

Candidate gene analyses for acute pain and morphine analgesia after pediatric day surgery: African American versus European Caucasian ancestry and dose prediction limits
J Li et al, Pharmacogenomics Journal, February 14, 2019 (Posted: Feb 14, 2019 8AM)

CYP2D6-guided opioid therapy improves pain control in CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizers: a pragmatic clinical trial.
Smith D Max et al. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2019 Jan (Posted: Jan 25, 2019 9AM)

Pain polymorphisms and opioids: An evidence based review.
Vieira Cláudia Margarida Pereira et al. Molecular medicine reports 2018 Dec (Posted: Jan 01, 2019 1PM)

Prevalence of Chronic Pain and High-Impact Chronic Pain Among Adults — United States, 2016
CDC MMWR, September 14, 2018 Brand (Posted: Sep 13, 2018 3PM)

Pain Awareness Month — September 2018
CDC MMWR, September 13, 2018 (Posted: Sep 13, 2018 3PM)

A toolkit for data transparency takes shape- A simple software toolset can help to ease the pain of reproducing computational analyses.
JM Perkle, Nature, August 20, 2018 (Posted: Aug 21, 2018 8AM)

A pharmacogenetics approach to pain management.
Yoshida Kaori et al. Neuropsychopharmacology reports 2018 Mar 38(1) 2-8 (Posted: Aug 15, 2018 9AM)

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TAOK3 Are Associated with High Opioid Requirement for Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Cancer Admitted to a Tertiary Palliative Care Unit.
Gutteridge Timothy et al. Journal of pain and symptom management 2018 Jul (Posted: Jul 25, 2018 8AM)

Polygenic risk score: use in migraine research.
Chalmer Mona Ameri et al. The journal of headache and pain 2018 Apr 19(1) 29 (Posted: Apr 10, 2018 9AM)

Pharmacogenomics and Patient Treatment Parameters to Opioid Treatment in Chronic Pain: A Focus on Morphine, Oxycodone, Tramadol, and Fentanyl.
Lloyd Renae A et al. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) 2017 Dec (12) 2369-2387 (Posted: Apr 02, 2018 1PM)

Precision Health: Use of Omics to Optimize Self-Management of Chronic Pain in Aging.
Dorsey Susan G et al. Research in gerontological nursing 2018 Jan (1) 7-13 (Posted: Feb 02, 2018 10AM)

Optimizing the care model for an uncomplicated acute pain episode in sickle cell disease.
Telfer Paul et al. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program 2017 Dec (1) 525-533 (Posted: Dec 17, 2017 7PM)

Genetic study defies 'one-size-fits-all' approach to prescribing opioids for chronic pain
Medical Xpress, Dec 13, 2017 (Posted: Dec 17, 2017 7PM)

Genetics May Play Role in Chronic Pain After Surgery
American Society of Anesthesiologists, Dec 14, 2017 (Posted: Dec 16, 2017 7AM)

Family studies to find rare high risk variants in migraine.
Hansen Rikke Dyhr et al. The journal of headache and pain 2017 Dec (1) 32 (Posted: Oct 07, 2017 7PM)

Opioid crisis adds to pain of sickle cell patients
Brand (Posted: Sep 15, 2017 3PM)

A cost-effectiveness analysis of maternal CYP2D6 genetic testing to guide treatment for postpartum pain and avert infant adverse events.
Moretti M E et al. The pharmacogenomics journal 2017 Jul (Posted: Jul 19, 2017 8AM)

Genetics of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy and related pain in Africans.
Ngassa Mbenda Huguette Gaelle et al. Journal of neurovirology 2017 May (Posted: Jun 26, 2017 2PM)

Pharmacogenomics for personalized pain medicine.
Ko Tai-Ming et al. Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : official journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists 2016 Mar (1) 24-30 (Posted: Jun 01, 2017 8AM)

CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain
Brand (Posted: Apr 19, 2017 4PM)

Crizanlizumab for the Prevention of Pain Crises in Sickle Cell Disease
KI Ataga et al, NEJM, February 1, 2017 (Posted: Feb 01, 2017 5PM)

Past, Present, and Future of Informed Consent in Pain and Genomics Research: Challenges Facing Global Medical Community.
Compagnone Christian et al. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2016 Aug (Posted: Aug 31, 2016 9AM)

Genetic and Environmental Risk for Chronic Pain and the Contribution of Risk Variants for Major Depressive Disorder: A Family-Based Mixed-Model Analysis
A McIntosh et al, PLOS Medicine, August 16, 2016 (Posted: Aug 16, 2016 10PM)

Genetic predictors of human chronic pain conditions.
Zorina-Lichtenwalter Katerina et al. Neuroscience 2016 Apr (Posted: Aug 06, 2016 4PM)

Physicians' Perception of Sickle-cell Disease Pain.
Lucchesi Fátima et al. Journal of the National Medical Association 2016 May 108(2) 113-118 (Posted: Jul 06, 2016 10AM)

Alternative RNA splicing: contribution to pain and potential therapeutic strategy.
Donaldson Lucy F et al. Drug discovery today 2016 Jun (Posted: Jun 23, 2016 1PM)

Blazing paths in genetic counseling
E Pain, Science Magazine, June 23, 2016 (Posted: Jun 23, 2016 10AM)

Serving families with science and empathy
E Pain, science, June 2, 2016 (Posted: Jun 08, 2016 6PM)

From Individualized Treatment of Sickle Cell Pain to Precision Medicine: A 40-Year Journey.
Ballas Samir K et al. Journal of clinical medicine research 2016 May (5) 357-60 (Posted: May 19, 2016 7AM)

Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics.
Lee Gum Hwa et al. Mediators of inflammation 2016 5808215 (Posted: Mar 19, 2016 11AM)

CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016
MMWR, March 15, 2016 Brand (Posted: Mar 16, 2016 9AM)

The pharmacogenetics of opioid therapy in the management of postpartum pain: a systematic review.
Baber Marta et al. Pharmacogenomics 2016 Jan (1) 75-93 (Posted: Mar 15, 2016 2PM)

Human Genetic Variability Contributes to Post-operative Morphine Consumption.
De Gregori Manuela et al. The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society 2016 Feb (Posted: Mar 15, 2016 2PM)

Psychiatric disorders in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are frequent, diverse and strongly associated with pain.
Hershenfeld Samantha Aliza et al. Rheumatology international 2015 Oct (Posted: Feb 15, 2016 2PM)

The genetic influences on oxycodone response characteristics in human experimental pain.
Olesen Anne E et al. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015 Aug (4) 417-425 (Posted: Jul 08, 2015 9AM)

Transcriptional regulator PRDM12 is essential for human pain perception.
Chen Ya-Chun et al. Nat. Genet. 2015 May 25. (Posted: May 26, 2015 3PM)

Pain Toolkit
From the Hemophilia Foundation (Posted: May 26, 2015 0PM)

The nicotinic a6 subunit gene determines variability in chronic pain sensitivity via cross-inhibition of P2X2/3 receptors
Jeffrey S. Wieskopf et al. Sci Trans Med, May 13, 2015 (Posted: May 14, 2015 10AM)

A review of the role of genetic testing in pain medicine.
Trescot Andrea M et al. Pain Physician 2014 Sep-Oct (5) 425-45 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

Association between KCNJ6 (GIRK2) gene polymorphism rs2835859 and post-operative analgesia, pain sensitivity, and nicotine dependence.
Nishizawa Daisuke et al. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2014 (3) 253-63 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

Multimodal pain management and the future of a personalized medicine approach to pain.
Manworren Renee C B et al. AORN J 2015 Mar (3) 308-14; quiz 315-8 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

A discordant monozygotic-twin approach to potential risk factors for chronic widespread pain in females.
Burri Andrea et al. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015 Apr (2) 188-97 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

The impact of genetic variation on sensitivity to opioid analgesics in patients with postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ren Zhen-Yu et al. Pain Physician 2015 Mar-Apr (2) 131-52 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

Emerging potassium channel targets for the treatment of pain.
Tsantoulas Christoforos et al. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015 Jun (2) 147-54 (Posted: May 13, 2015 4PM)

Could targeting epigenetic processes relieve chronic pain states?
Géranton Sandrine M et al. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015 Jun (2) 138-46 (Posted: May 05, 2015 8PM)

Individualized Hydrocodone Therapy Based on Phenotype, Pharmacogenetics, and Pharmacokinetic Dosing.
Linares Oscar A et al. Clin J Pain 2015 Jan 23. (Posted: Mar 31, 2015 3PM)

Opioid pain medications used early in pregnancy might increase risk of some birth defects
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

Managing Chronic Pain: Opioids Are Often Not the Answer
January 27, 2015 by Dr. Francis Collins, NIH Director Brand (Posted: Feb 13, 2015 9AM)

Genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants in fibromyalgia suggest a role for the central nervous system.
Docampo Elisa et al. Pain 2014 Jun (6) 1102-9 (Posted: Feb 12, 2015 8AM)

Dengue Fever
Brand (Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)

Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. This disease used to be called "break-bone" fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years.

Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer—Patient Version
Brand (Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)

There are two kidneys, one on each side of the spine, above the waist. The kidneys clean the blood to take out waste and make urine. Urine collects in the renal pelvis, the area at the center of the kidney, and then passes through the ureter, into the bladder, and out of the body. The kidneys also make hormones that help control blood pressure and signal the bone marrow to make red blood cells when needed. There are three main types of kidney cancer. Renal cell cancer is the most common type in adults and Wilms tumors are the most common in children. These types form in the tissues of the kidney that make urine. Transitional cell cancer forms in the renal pelvis and ureter in adults. Smoking and taking certain pain medicines for a long time can increase the risk of adult kidney cancer. Certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of kidney cancer in children and adults. These include von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal cancer. Kidney tumors may be benign or malignant. Cancer

FDA Approves Alectinib for ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Brand (Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved alectinib (Alecensa®) on December 11, 2015, for some patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in the ALK gene. The agency granted an accelerated approval for alectinib for patients whose cancer is no longer responding to the ALK-targeted agent crizotinib (Xalkori®) or who are unable to tolerate further treatment with crizotinib because of side effects. Tumors in up to 7 percent of patients with NSCLC have rearrangements in the ALK gene?the fusion of a portion of ALK with a portion of another gene. Alectinib is now the third ALK-targeted drug approved by the FDA. The agency approved ceritinib (Zykadia?) in 2014 for patients with NSCLC who have progressed on crizotinib. Although tumor responses are seen in about 60 percent of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who receive crizotinib, more than half also experience gastrointestinal side effects, particularly diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and constipation, said Anish Thomas, M.D., of the Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch in NCI?s Center for Cancer Research. Patients appear to tolerate alectinib better than crizotinib, with fewer patients needing dose reduction, interruption, or withdrawal to manage side effects, Dr. Thomas said. Alectinib does have side effects, including fatigue, edema, constipation, and muscle pain, Dr. Thomas noted. ?But the gastrointestinal side effects are much less than those associated with crizotinib,? he said. ?For patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who are not able to tolerate crizotinib, the approval of alectinib is encouraging.? The approval of alectinib was based on the results of two small single-arm clinical trials of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC who were previously treated with crizotinib. In the first trial, tumor reductions were observed in 38 percent of patients, with median survival of 7.5 months. In the second trial, tumor reductions were observed in 44 percent of patients, with median survival of 11.2 months. In both trials, treatment with alectinib also had an effect on tumors that had spread to the brain. Collectively, 61 percent of patients in the trials who had brain metastases had partial or complete reductions in the tumors that lasted a median of 9.1 months. Like ceritinib, alectinib is a second-generation ALK inhibitor. But, Dr. Thomas cautioned, direct comparisons between the two drugs are limited. Alectinib?s ability to shrink brain metastases ?is an important effect for clinicians to understand,? said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA?s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, in a news release on the approval. Although alectinib has several advantages over crizotinib and ceritinib, based on studies conducted so far, it is approved only for patients who have progressed on or who do not tolerate crizotinib, Dr. Thomas stressed. A clinical trial that is comparing alectinib and crizotinib head-to-head is ongoing. ?The field of ALK-positive NSCLC is rapidly evolving,? Dr. Thomas concluded. ?A number of novel agents targeting specific resistance mechanisms are in clinical trials. Hopefully, in the not too distant future, we will be able to routinely perform molecular profiling of tumors that become resistant to initial treatment with an ALK inhibitor to help us specifically select second- and third-line treatments.? Cancer

Mitral Valve Prolapse
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)

Also known as Barlow?s Syndrome What Is Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a condition in which the heart?s mitral valve doesn?t work well. The flaps of the valve are ?floppy? and may not close tightly. These flaps normally help seal or open the valve. Much of the time, MVP doesn?t cause any problems. Rarely, blood can leak the wrong way through the floppy valve. This can lead to palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms. (Palpitations are feelings that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, or beating too hard or too fast.) Normal Mitral Valve The mitral valve controls blood flow between the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart. The upper chamber is called the left atrium. The lower chamber is called the left ventricle. The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle, but not back the other way. The heart also has a right atrium and ventricle, separated by the tricuspid valve. With each heartbeat, the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles. The flaps of the mitral and tricuspid valves open to let blood through. Then, the ventricles contract to pump the blood out of the heart. When the ventricles contract, the flaps of the mitral and tricuspid valves close. They form a tight seal that prevents blood from flowing back into the atria. For more information, go to the Health Topics How the Heart Works article. This article contains animations that show how your heart pumps blood and how your heart?s electrical system works. Mitral Valve Prolapse In MVP, when the left ventricle contracts, one or both flaps of the mitral valve flop or bulge back (prolapse) into the left atrium. This can prevent the valve from forming a tight seal. As a result, blood may leak from the ventricle back into the atrium. The backflow of blood is called regurgitation. MVP doesn?t always cause backflow. In fact, most people who have MVP don?t have backflow and never have any related symptoms or problems. When backflow occurs, it can get worse over time and it can change the heart?s size and raise pressure in the left atrium and lungs. Backflow also raises the risk of heart valve infections. Medicines can treat troublesome MVP symptoms and help prevent complications. Some people will need surgery to repair or replace their mitral valves. Mitral Valve Prolapse Figure A shows a normal mitral valve. The valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Figure B shows a heart with mitral valve prolapse. Figure C shows a closeup view of mitral valve prolapse. Figure D shows a mitral valve that allows blood to flow back into the left atrium. Figure A shows a normal mitral valve. The valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Figure B shows a heart with mitral valve prolapse. Figure C shows a closeup view of mitral valve prolapse. Figure D shows a mitral valve that allows blood to flow back into the left atrium. Other Names ?Balloon mitral valve ?Barlow's syndrome ?Billowing mitral valve ?Click-murmur syndrome ?Floppy valve syndrome ?Myxomatous mitral valve ?Prolapsing mitral valve syndrome

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Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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