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Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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161 hot topic(s) found with the query "Hiv or aids "

Concerted efforts toward genomic surveillance of viral pathogens in immunocompromised individuals.
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra et al. Lancet Microbe 2024 4 (Posted: Apr 08, 2024 9AM)

From the article: "A recent study underscores the crucial need to closely monitor immunocompromised individuals with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections for emerging variants and investigate their phenotypic implications. Sequencing the genomes of the viruses from these cases would marginally elevate the cost in the whole COVID-19 genomic surveillance effort, and many countries with universal health systems could effectively integrate the tracking of prolonged COVID-19 infections in people living with HIV into their primary care programmes. "

Suddenly, It Looks Like We’re in a Golden Age for Medicine We may be on the cusp of an era of astonishing innovation — the limits of which aren’t even clear yet.
DW Wells, New York Times. June 23, 2023 (Posted: Jun 24, 2023 10AM)

And although the very first person to receive Crispr gene therapy in the United States received it just four years ago, for sickle-cell disease, it has since been rolled out for testing on congenital blindness, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and H.I.V. So far only two applications for such treatments have been submitted to the F.D.A., but all told, some 400 million people worldwide are afflicted by one or more diseases arising from single-gene mutations that would be theoretically simple for Crispr to fix.

WHO Introduces Worldwide Pathogen Surveillance Network
E Harris, JAMA, June 20, 2023 (Posted: Jun 21, 2023 7AM)

A global collaboration, known as the International Pathogen Surveillance Network, will harness pathogen genomics to improve disease surveillance and identify and respond to disease-causing agents before they become pandemics or epidemics, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced. The Network will connect members of different countries to improve sample collection and analysis and facilitate public health decision-making, among other goals. Pathogen genomics—which involves analyzing the genomes of viruses, bacteria, and other contagions to understand their infectivity, deadliness, and transmission—has played a key role in the world’s ability to respond to diseases, from COVID-19 to HIV.

Proactive Variant Effect Mapping Aids Diagnosis in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest.
Brendan J Floyd et al. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2023 1 (Posted: Jan 31, 2023 8AM)

Use of mobile phone data in HIV epidemic control.
Valdano Eugenio et al. The lancet. HIV 2022 12 (12) e820-e821 (Posted: Dec 03, 2022 7AM)

Mobile phone data can be used to identify circular travel patterns and to reveal hidden spatial structures in populations: to detect meta-communities. A metacommunity is a subset of communities that are more tightly linked to each other (due to individuals travelling among them) than to other communities; metacommunities are loosely linked (through travel) to other meta-communities. We propose that a metacommunity be considered as a single social-sexual community (ie, a group of individuals who have the majority of their social and sexual contacts within the group), and that a linked network of social-sexual communities can be used to design geographical targeting strategies for controlling HIV.

Antibody response durability following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV receiving suppressive ART
HR LaPointe et al, MEDRXIV, November 7, 2022 (Posted: Nov 08, 2022 7AM)

Proband-mediated interventions to increase disclosure of genetic risk in families with a BRCA or Lynch syndrome condition: a systematic review
AL Young et al, EJHG, October 17, 2022 (Posted: Oct 17, 2022 7AM)

Intervention delivery modes included genetic counselling with additional telephone or in-person follow-up, letters, videos, and decision aids. The percentages of at-risk relatives informed by the proband about their risk ranged from 54.0% to 95.5% in the intervention or family-mediated comparison group. Of those who were informed, 24.4–60.0% contacted a genetics clinic and 22.8–76.2% had genetic testing after they were counselled at a genetics clinic.

HIV Prevention: Digital Health Interventions to Improve Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
The Community Guide, October 2022 (Posted: Oct 13, 2022 6AM)

The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends digital health interventions to increase adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Systematic review evidence shows interventions improve both daily-use pill taking and retention in PrEP care. This improves health for population groups who are not infected with HIV and engage in behaviors that may increase their chances of getting HIV.

Clinical characteristics and comparison of longitudinal qPCR results from different specimen types in a cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized patients infected with monkeypox virus.
Nörz Dominik et al. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 2022 9 105254 (Posted: Oct 02, 2022 9AM)

Longitudinal viral-DNA load measurements in a well characterized cohort of outpatients and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection. Cutaneous lesion swab samples were consistently positive throughout the observation period, while oropharyngeal swabs and blood returned negative repeatedly for some patients. Patients with a know HIV-Infection under treatment exhibited increased numbers of pustulae and higher viral-DNA loads in blood.

The diagnostic and triage accuracy of digital and online symptom checker tools: a systematic review
W Wallace et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, August 18, 2022 (Posted: Aug 18, 2022 1PM)

Researchers evaluated the accuracy of symptom checkers using a variety of medical conditions, including ophthalmological conditions, inflammatory arthritides and HIV. The diagnostic accuracy of the primary diagnosis was low across included studies (range: 19–37.9%) and varied between individual symptom checkers, despite consistent symptom data input. Triage accuracy (range: 48.8–90.1%) was typically higher than diagnostic accuracy. Overall, the diagnostic and triage accuracy of symptom checkers are variable and of low accuracy.

The clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and immunotherapies
AJ Barbier et al, Nature Biotechnology, May 9, 2022 (Posted: May 09, 2022 11AM)

Most clinical applications of mRNA to date have focused on vaccines for infectious disease and cancer for which low doses, low protein expression and local delivery can be effective because of the inherent immunostimulatory properties of some mRNA species and formulations. In addition, work on mRNA-encoded protein or cellular immunotherapies has also begun, for which minimal immune stimulation, high protein expression in target cells and tissues, and the need for repeated administration have led to additional manufacturing and formulation challenges for clinical translation. Building on this momentum, the past year has seen clinical progress with second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, Omicron-specific boosters and vaccines against seasonal influenza, Epstein–Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer.

COVID-19 and resilience of healthcare systems in ten countries
C Arsenault et al, Nature Medicine, March 14, 2022 (Posted: Mar 14, 2022 8AM)

We used an interrupted time series design to assess the immediate effect of the pandemic on 31 health services in two low-income (Ethiopia and Haiti), six middle-income? (Ghana, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mexico, Nepal, South Africa and Thailand) and high-income (Chile and South Korea) countries. Despite efforts to maintain health services, disruptions of varying magnitude and duration were found in every country, with no clear patterns by country income group or pandemic intensity. Disruptions in health services often preceded COVID-19 waves. Cancer screenings, TB screening and detection and HIV testing were most affected (26–96% declines). Total outpatient visits declined by 9–40% at national levels and remained lower than predicted by the end of 2020. Maternal health services were disrupted in approximately half of the countries, with declines ranging from 5% to 33%. Child vaccinations were disrupted for shorter periods.

HIV variant causes concern
K O'Leary, Nature Medicine, February 14, 2022 (Posted: Feb 16, 2022 2PM)

Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first appeared, it has diverged into various subtypes across the globe. These continue to evolve and vary in terms of their virulence (capacity to harm the host) and transmissibility; therefore, monitoring these features in circulating variants is important for public health. A new study noted that a small group of 17 people in the BEEHIVE study — an international surveillance project — were infected with a distinct subtype-B variant of HIV. They had exceptionally high viral loads at diagnosis, and most were in the Netherlands.

Clinical genetics: past, present and future.
Tromans Eva et al. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2022 1 (Posted: Jan 26, 2022 7AM)

With changes in diagnostic tests, variant interpretation, predictive testing, counselling dynamics, risk assessment algorithms and the development of online patient-led care, navigation aids for gene carriers means that redefining the role of Clinical Geneticists may well be required. Apart from identifying molecular causes for disease, predicting risk and response in families, populations and individuals, there will be new logistic, educational and time-related challenges for mainstream specialties to take on board all aspects of these new roles within a strong governance framework.

SARS-CoV-2 prolonged infection during advanced HIV disease evolves extensive immune escape
S Cele et al, Cell, January 13, 2022 (Posted: Jan 14, 2022 10AM)

We longitudinally tracked the evolved virus and tested it against self-plasma and convalescent plasma from ancestral, Beta, and Delta infections. Early virus was similar to ancestral but evolved a multitude of mutations found in Omicron and other variants. It showed substantial but incomplete Pfizer BNT162b2 escape, weak neutralization by self-plasma, and despite pre-dating Delta, extensive escape of Delta infection-elicited neutralization. This example is consistent with the notion SARS-CoV-2 evolving in individual immune-compromised hosts, including those with advanced HIV disease, may gain immune escape of vaccines and enhanced escape of Delta immunity, with implications for vaccine breakthrough and reinfections.

Association Between Immune Dysfunction and COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in the US
J Sun et al, JAMA Internal Medicine, December 28, 2021 (Posted: Dec 28, 2021 2PM)

Is immune dysfunction associated with an increased risk for COVID-19 breakthrough infection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination? In this cohort study of 664?722 patients who received at least 1 dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, those with immune dysfunction, such as HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and solid organ transplant, had a higher rate for COVID-19 breakthrough infection and worse outcomes after full or partial vaccination, compared with persons without immune dysfunction.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted exome reanalysis greatly aids in the identification of new positive cases and reduces analysis time in a clinical diagnostic laboratory.
O'Brien Timothy D et al. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2021 12 (Posted: Dec 28, 2021 9AM)

mRNA vaccines offer hope for HIV
L Morris, Nature Medicine, December 9, 2021 (Posted: Dec 11, 2021 8AM)

The remarkable success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has been nothing short of miraculous. Whether this unique technology platform can be used to tackle the more complex task of developing a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now under intense scrutiny. mRNA technology may be uniquely positioned to tackle a major hurdle for HIV vaccines: the elicitation of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. A preclinical study takes the first step toward this goal.

Vaccine development needs a boost
Nature Medicine editorial, December 2, 2021 (Posted: Dec 03, 2021 11AM)

Lessons from the rapid development, manufacture and distribution of vaccines against COVID-19 must be broadly applied to expedite vaccine development for other infectious diseases. Moderna is launching a phase 1 trial of two vaccines against HIV using lipid-encapsulated modified mRNAs designed to stimulate a B cell response capable of generating broadly neutralizing, HIV-specific antibodies.

Genetic testing decisions in non-western cultures: an opportunity for intergenerational decision making
E Turbitt et al, EJHG, November 29, 2021 (Posted: Nov 29, 2021 10AM)

While decision aids improve shared decision making, most theoretical and empirical evidence is based on western ideals such as supporting an individual’s autonomous decision making, in a non-directive way, to facilitate informed choice. Shared decision making and decision aids have not been widely researched in diverse communities or non-western populations [1]. The development and testing of decision aids in non-western cultures can help to understand the applicability of shared decision making and associated interventions across a variety of contexts.

Covid-19: Why Africa’s pandemic is different
M Sentilingham et al, BMJ, October 19, 2021 (Posted: Oct 20, 2021 4AM)

“Inequity” is a word firmly attached to Africa, and not just in the pandemic. Inequity in resources, funding, and infrastructure means that diseases—malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and intestinal worms, among others—persist in Africa long after other regions overcame them. It comes as no surprise, then, that when covid-19 struck the scenario was similar, with treatments and vaccines rolled out largely in high income settings. While many parts of the world are now reopening enabled by coronavirus vaccines, Africa is facing a continued, possibly exponential, rise in deaths as new waves of infection with new variants of covid-19 strike an unvaccinated population.

Derivation and external validation of a risk score for predicting HIV-associated tuberculosis to support case finding and preventive therapy scale-up: A cohort study
AF Aud et al, PLOS Medicine, September 7, 2021 (Posted: Sep 08, 2021 9AM)

Tuberculosis remains the most common cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and is often undiagnosed at time of death. Rapid scale-up of tuberculosis preventive therapy to 13 million PLHIV in low- and middle-income countries has been proposed for 2021; however, active TB is commonly asymptomatic and therefore missed by current WHO-recommended 4-symptom TB screening rules. Therefore, more sensitive TB screening tools are needed to better facilitate early TB diagnosis and safer scale-up of TPT to PLHIV by avoiding TPT prescription to clients with asymptomatic active TB, who need TB treatment. We derived a TB risk score for PLHIV from XPRES trial data and validated the score on 3 external datasets.

Predictors of COVID-19 epidemics in countries of the World Health Organization African Region
F Zhang et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, September 3, 2021 (Posted: Sep 05, 2021 9AM)

Using a region-wide, country-based observational study, we found that the first case was detected earlier in countries with more urban populations, higher international connectivity and greater COVID-19 test capacity but later in island nations. Predictors of a high first wave per capita mortality rate included a more urban population, higher pre-pandemic international connectivity and a higher prevalence of HIV.

Recommendation for an Additional Dose of an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised People
CDC media statement, August 13, 2021 Brand (Posted: Aug 14, 2021 8AM)

While people who are immunocompromised make up about 3% of the U.S. adult population, they are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 because they are more at risk of serious, prolonged illness. Included in CDC’s recommendation are people with a range of conditions, such as recipients of organ or stem cell transplants, people with advanced or untreated HIV infection, active recipients of treatment for cancer, people who are taking some medications that weaken the immune system, and others. The additional dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine should be the same vaccine as the initial series and administered at least four weeks after completing a primary mRNA COVID-19 vaccine series.

HIV-1 and human genetic variation
PJ McLaren et al, Nat Rev Genetics, June 2021 (Posted: Jun 27, 2021 7AM)

The study of the complex interactions between the human and retroviral genomes has improved our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggested novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against HIV infection.

Deep learning of HIV field-based rapid tests
V Turbe et al, Nature Medicine, June 18, 2021 (Posted: Jun 19, 2021 7AM)

Using newly developed image capture protocols with the Samsung SM-P585 tablet, 60?fieldworkers routinely collected images of HIV lateral flow tests. From a library of 11,374?images, deep learning algorithms were trained to classify tests as positive or negative. A pilot field study of the algorithms deployed as a mobile application demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (100%) compared with traditional visual interpretation by humans

Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant.
Shinde Vivek et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 5 (20) 1899-1909 (Posted: May 20, 2021 7AM)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants threatens progress toward control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was efficacious in preventing Covid-19, with higher vaccine efficacy observed among HIV-negative participants. Most infections were caused by the B.1.351 variant.

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant.
Madhi Shabir A et al. The New England journal of medicine 2021 3 (20) 1885-1898 (Posted: May 20, 2021 7AM)

We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in people not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant.

2021: the beginning of a new era of immunizations?
The Lancet editorial, April 24, 2021 (Posted: Apr 26, 2021 10AM)

Accelerating vaccine development, testing in trials, and licensing with robust post-licensing surveillance should become the new norm. Techniques used for COVID-19 vaccines, such as the use of mRNA, might be applicable to other diseases. Early-phase research for mRNA and vector-based vaccines for HIV has started.

To treat malnutrition, feed the microbiota- Feeding the gut microbiota aids growth in undernourished children.
A Farrell, Nature Medicine, April 19, 2021 (Posted: Apr 21, 2021 7AM)

Effectiveness of patient-targeted interventions to inform decision making and improve uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals: A systematic review.
Li Huanhuan et al. International journal of nursing studies 2021 118103928 (Posted: Apr 16, 2021 10AM)

Based on this review, the conclusion cannot be made that interventions for risk assessment, education, and decision aids have positive effects on the uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals and their informed decision making. Future studies with rigorous designs are recommended

Health information technology interventions and engagement in HIV care and achievement of viral suppression in publicly funded settings in the US: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
Shade Starley B et al. PLoS medicine 2021 4 (4) e1003389 (Posted: Apr 12, 2021 8AM)

Precision Public Health in the Pandemic- Using MicrobeTrace to Track COVID-19
CDC May 26 webinar Brand (Posted: Mar 21, 2021 7AM)

MicrobeTrace is a secure, local, and user-friendly data visualization tool developed by the CDC, initially for HIV cluster detection and response, that has been rapidly retooled and adopted for the COVID-19 response. MicrobeTrace allows users to map transmission networks based on person-to-person contacts, pathogen-to-pathogen genetic distance, or person-to-place exposures. This webinar will provide an overview of how MicrobeTrace can be used in the COVID-19 response.

How COVID unlocked the power of RNA vaccines The technology could revolutionize efforts to immunize against HIV, malaria, influenza and more.
E Dolgin, Nature News, January 12, 2021 (Posted: Jan 12, 2021 1PM)

High circulating SDF-1and MCP-1 levels and genetic variations in CXCL12, CCL2 and CCR5: Prognostic signature of immune recovery status in treated HIV-positive patients
E Yeregui et al, EBiomedicine, November 2020 (Posted: Nov 09, 2020 10AM)

The present study jointly evaluates a specific remarkable network of chemokines as prognostic and follow-up markers of immune recovery status by determining circulating concentrations and performing a genetic polymorphism study. This is the largest, longitudinal study assessing both chemokine genetics and circulating levels in immune restoration.

The mathematical strategy that could transform coronavirus testing- Four charts show how pooling samples from many people can save time or resources.
Nature News, July 10, 2020 (Posted: Jul 10, 2020 8AM)

There are many ways to conduct group testing, and scientists in several countries are experimenting with the best method for doing this during a pandemic. Their ideas largely come from a field of mathematics known as group testing, which has been widely used — from detecting faulty Christmas-tree lights to estimating the prevalence of HIV in a population.

Study Suggests a Second Patient Has Been Cured of HIV
B Kuehn, JAMA, May 20, 2020 (Posted: May 21, 2020 8AM)

For only the second time, a patient with HIV who received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant from a donor with an HIV resistance gene appears to have been cured of the disease, according to a recent study.

HIV-associated gut dysbiosis is independent of sexual practice and correlates with noncommunicable diseases
IV Cvijin et al, Nat Communications, May 15, 2020 (Posted: May 16, 2020 7AM)

WHO launches global megatrial of the four most promising coronavirus treatments
Science Magazine, March 22, 2020 (Posted: Mar 23, 2020 8AM)

A drug combo already used against HIV. A malaria treatment first tested during World War II. A new antiviral whose promise against Ebola fizzled last year. Could any of these drugs be used to save COVID-19 patients from serious harm or death? WHO announced a large global trial, called SOLIDARITY, to find out if any can treat infections with the new coronavirus.

How artificial kidneys and miniaturized dialysis could save millions of lives
C Huff, Nature News, March 11, 2020 (Posted: Mar 14, 2020 6AM)

After decades of slow progress, researchers are exploring better treatments for kidney failure — which kills more people than HIV or tuberculosis.

A cure for HIV: how would we know?
JM Zerbato et al, LAncet HIV, March 2020 (Posted: Mar 13, 2020 9AM)

Evidence for HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation 30 months post analytical treatment interruption: a case report
The Lancet HIV, March 11,2020 (Posted: Mar 12, 2020 10AM)

More than 80 clinical trials launch to test coronavirus treatments
Nature, February 15, 2020 (Posted: Feb 17, 2020 10AM)

As HIV drugs, stem cells and traditional Chinese medicines vie for a chance to prove their worth, the World Health Organization attempts to bring order to the search.

Personalized public health: An implementation research agenda for the HIV response and beyond.
Geng Elvin H et al. PLoS medicine 2019 Dec (12) e1003020 (Posted: Jan 03, 2020 9AM)

The scientific trajectory in the HIV response has been a remarkable microcosm of the translational scientific process. Success in the HIV response depends on the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of implementation. Bringing personalized public health into practice will require us to a genuine implementation science agenda.

Invasive Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection Among Adults With HIV in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, 2008-2018.
Collins Lauren F et al. JAMA 2019 Dec (24) 2399-2410 Brand (Posted: Dec 23, 2019 3PM)

What are the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic features of invasive nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection among adults with HIV in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia?

Test for HIV Drug–Resistance Mutations
F Sancar, JAMA, December 17, 2019 (Posted: Dec 19, 2019 9AM)

The new test can help health care providers better tailor drug treatment for patients who are beginning antiviral therapy and also for those who have developed resistance to HIV drugs by helping to identify mutations in the HIV-1 virus that can impact the effectiveness of certain drugs.

Algorithmic prediction of HIV status using nation-wide electronic registry data
MG Ahlstrom et al, Lancet Digital Medicine, November 2019 (Posted: Nov 19, 2019 8AM)

Machine learning to identify persons at high-risk of HIV acquisition in rural Kenya and Uganda.
Balzer Laura B et al. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019 Nov (Posted: Nov 13, 2019 8AM)

Machine learning improved classification of individuals at risk of HIV acquisition compared to a model-based approach or reliance on known risk groups, and could inform targeting of prevention strategies in generalized epidemic settings.

Gene-Editing Advance Puts More Gene-Based Cures Within Reach
F Collins, NIH Director Blog, November 5, 2019 Brand (Posted: Nov 06, 2019 8AM)

There’s been tremendous excitement about the potential of CRISPR and related gene-editing technologies for treating or even curing sickle cell disease (SCD), muscular dystrophy, HIV, and a wide range of other devastating conditions. Now comes word of another remarkable advance—called “prime editing”—that may bring us even closer to reaching that goal.

FDA authorizes marketing of first next-generation sequencing test for detecting HIV-1 drug resistance mutations
FDA News, November 5, 2019 (Posted: Nov 06, 2019 8AM)

“The ability to rationally select treatments for patients about to start or already taking antiviral therapy provides another tool in our ongoing fight against HIV” said Peter Marks, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Today’s authorization offers healthcare providers a tool in helping to select treatment options for their patients

Gene-Based Cures for SCD and HIV
NIH, October 23, 2019 Brand (Posted: Oct 24, 2019 9AM)

The collaboration aims to produce gene-based candidate treatments for SCD and HIV that can be administered at scale via low-cost delivery systems and advance them toward clinical trials in the United States and in Africa for safety and effectiveness within the next seven to 10 years.

Association of Lipidomic Profiles With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection.
Chai Jin Choul et al. JAMA cardiology 2019 Oct (Posted: Oct 24, 2019 8AM)

Illuminating HIV outbreaks with AMD
CDC, October 2019 Brand (Posted: Oct 16, 2019 6AM)

CDC and health departments use molecular analysis to identify transmission clusters that might not be recognized with traditional public health tools and to better understand hotspots of transmission. The process uses HIV genetic sequences that are generated as part of routine clinical care and shared with health departments.

Precision public health and HIV in Africa.
Blower Sally et al. The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2019 Oct 19(10) 1050-1052 (Posted: Oct 02, 2019 8AM)

Good News, Bad News for CRISPR Gene Editing for HIV Cure- "Bigger story for the gene-editing field than the HIV field"
M Walker, Medpage today, September 11, 2019 (Posted: Sep 16, 2019 8AM)

CRISPR, the gene-editing technique, went 1-for-2 in a real world tryout, showing safety and successful engraftment of edited cells in a patient with HIV infection, but with no clinical benefit.

Scientists use gene-edited stem cells to treat HIV — with mixed success
J Lambert, Nature, September 12, 2019 (Posted: Sep 13, 2019 10AM)

CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells in a Patient with HIV and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Xu Lei et al. The New England journal of medicine 2019 Sep (Posted: Sep 12, 2019 7AM)

Personal Genetic Information about HIV: Research Participants' Views of Ethical, Social, and Behavioral Implications.
Boyce Angie et al. Public health genomics 2019 Aug 1-10 (Posted: Sep 01, 2019 7AM)

A Tissue Sample From 1966 Held Traces of Early HIV- To understand the virus’s history, a team worked to reconstruct its genome from a time before anyone knew the virus existed.
E Yong, the Atlantic, August 2019 (Posted: Aug 30, 2019 7AM)

In 1966, a 38-year-old man visited a hospital in Congo. A piece of one of his lymph nodes was collected and preserved. By analyzing it, a team of researchers have shown that the man was infected by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. He wouldn’t have known it, though, and nor would his doctors. HIV was formally discovered 17 years later.

Harnessing digital data and data science to achieve 90-90-90 goals to end the HIV epidemic.
Strathdee Steffanie A et al. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2019 Aug (Posted: Aug 27, 2019 6PM)

Effectiveness of decision aids for female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a systematic review.
Krassuski Lisa et al. BMC medical informatics and decision making 2019 Aug 19(1) 154 (Posted: Aug 07, 2019 8AM)

HIV’s genetic code, extracted from a nub of tissue, adds to evidence of virus’ emergence in humans a century ago
H Branswell, Stat News, July 16, 2019 (Posted: Jul 17, 2019 8AM)

Genetic codes of viruses that infected people in earlier days of the AIDS epidemic can be used by scientists to try to date when the HIV virus moved from primates into people. By studying differences in the viral sequences, scientists estimate how long it has been since the known sequences could have diverged from a common source.

National HIV Testing Day-Doing It My Way, Testing for HIV
June 27, 2019 Brand (Posted: Jun 06, 2019 9AM)

The hidden cost of genetic resistance to HIV-1
J Luban, Nature Medicine, June 3, 2019 (Posted: Jun 04, 2019 8AM)

HLA-B*14 allele predicts HIV-1 mother-to-child-transmission, in Salvador, Brazil.
Angulo Juan Manuel Cubillos et al. The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases 2019 Feb (Posted: Mar 19, 2019 7AM)

Comparative analysis of HIV sequences in real time for public health.
Wertheim Joel O et al. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2019 Mar (Posted: Mar 19, 2019 7AM)

Ending the HIV Epidemic- HIV Treatment Is Prevention
CDC Vital Signs, March 2019 Brand (Posted: Mar 18, 2019 5PM)

Battling HIV and STDs
CDC Advanced Molecular Detection Information Brand (Posted: Mar 16, 2019 5PM)

National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day
CDC, March 10, 2019 (Posted: Mar 08, 2019 11AM)

Has a second person with HIV been cured?
J Cohen, Science, March 8, 2019 (Posted: Mar 07, 2019 2PM)

HIV-1 remission following CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Gupta Ravindra K et al. Nature 2019 Mar (Posted: Mar 07, 2019 8AM)

H.I.V. Is Reported Cured in a Second Patient, a Milestone in the Global AIDS Epidemic
A Mandavilli, New York Times, March 4, 2019 (Posted: Mar 05, 2019 10AM)

Second patient free of HIV after stem-cell therapy- The breakthrough suggests first case was not a one-off and could pave way for future treatments.
M Warren, Nature News, March 5, 2019 (Posted: Mar 05, 2019 10AM)

Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America
HHS, February 5, 2019 Brand (Posted: Feb 06, 2019 11AM)

Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in long-term non-progressors infected with HIV-1.
Lee Sun Young et al. BMC medical genomics 2019 Jan (1) 3 (Posted: Jan 14, 2019 9AM)

Clinical and genetic factors associated with increased risk of severe liver toxicity in a monocentric cohort of HIV positive patients receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy.
Giacomelli Andrea et al. BMC infectious diseases 2018 Nov 18(1) 556 (Posted: Nov 14, 2018 11AM)

Identifying Clusters of Recent and Rapid HIV Transmission Through Analysis of Molecular Surveillance Data.
Oster Alexandra M et al. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2018 Sep (Posted: Oct 25, 2018 11AM)

HIV Population Surveys - Bringing Precision to the Global Response.
Justman Jessica E et al. The New England journal of medicine 2018 May (20) 1859-1861 (Posted: May 18, 2018 8AM)

Molecular Epidemiology and the Transformation of HIV Prevention.
Oster Alexandra M et al. JAMA 2018 Apr (Posted: Apr 11, 2018 8AM)

New ways to fight HIV and tuberculosis emerge at AIDS conference
J Cohen, Science Magazine, Mar 5, 2018 (Posted: Mar 06, 2018 11AM)

Proven HIV Prevention Methods
CDC,NCHHSTP, 2018 Brand (Posted: Mar 05, 2018 10AM)

Preventing HIV transmission through blockade of CCR5: rationale, progress and perspectives.
Hartley Oliver et al. Swiss medical weekly 2018 Jan w14580 (Posted: Mar 05, 2018 9AM)

Molecular Signatures of HIV-1 Envelope Associated with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.
Evering Teresa H et al. Current HIV/AIDS reports 2018 Feb (Posted: Mar 05, 2018 9AM)

Genetic Cluster Analysis for HIV Prevention.
Grabowski Mary Kate et al. Current HIV/AIDS reports 2018 Feb (Posted: Mar 05, 2018 9AM)

Genetically Modified T Cells Might Help Fight HIV
S Begley, Scientific American, Jan 2, 2018 (Posted: Jan 02, 2018 8PM)

Precision Public Health: Using Malawi Population-Based Impact Assessment (MPHIA) Data to Reach HIV Epidemic Control in Malawi
Nellie Wadonda-Kabondo and Danielle Payne, CDC Global Health Blog Post, 2017 Brand (Posted: Dec 14, 2017 7PM)

HIV Testing Test Today. Don’t Delay.
CDC Vital Signs, November 2017 Brand (Posted: Nov 28, 2017 2PM)

APOL1 Renal Risk Variants: Fertile Soil for HIV-Associated Nephropathy.
Kopp Jeffrey B et al. Seminars in nephrology 2017 Nov (6) 514-519 (Posted: Nov 28, 2017 2PM)

Interactions between Retroviruses and the Host Cell Genome.
Poletti Valentina et al. Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development 2018 Mar 31-41 (Posted: Nov 28, 2017 2PM)

World AIDS Day #WAD2017 December 1
Brand (Posted: Nov 28, 2017 2PM)

Pathogenesis of infections in HIV-infected individuals: insights from primary immunodeficiencies.
Zhang Qian et al. Current opinion in immunology 2017 Oct 122-133 (Posted: Oct 30, 2017 8AM)

Detailed Transmission Network Analysis of a Large Opiate-Driven Outbreak of HIV Infection in the United States.
Campbell Ellsworth M et al. The Journal of infectious diseases 2017 Oct (Posted: Oct 30, 2017 8AM)

NHGRI researchers and collaborators identify Noonan syndrome in diverse people Highly accurate facial analysis software aids diagnosis
Jeannine Mjoseth, NHGRI, Sep 15, 2017 (Posted: Sep 15, 2017 5PM)

Precision Medicine Aids Suicide Prevention Approaches
M Humphrey, Frontline Genomics, August 15, 2017 (Posted: Aug 16, 2017 8AM)

Experimental HIV vaccine regimen is well-tolerated, elicits immune responses
NIH, July 24, 2017 Brand (Posted: Jul 25, 2017 8AM)

There's a promising new HIV vaccine candidate in the pipeline- The “mosaic vaccine” tackles the virus’s incredible genetic diversity.
J Belluz, VOX, July 24, 2017 (Posted: Jul 25, 2017 8AM)

Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Liver Disease Progression in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients.
Medrano Luz M et al. AIDS reviews (1) 3-15 (Posted: Jun 26, 2017 2PM)

Abacavir Therapy and HLA-B*57:01 Genotype
L Dean, NCBI free books 2015 Brand (Posted: Jun 26, 2017 2PM)

Genetics of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy and related pain in Africans.
Ngassa Mbenda Huguette Gaelle et al. Journal of neurovirology 2017 May (Posted: Jun 26, 2017 2PM)

Viral genetic variation accounts for a third of variability in HIV-1 set-point viral load in Europe.
Blanquart François et al. PLoS biology 2017 Jun (6) e2001855 (Posted: Jun 13, 2017 0PM)

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Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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