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Last Posted: Jun 02, 2023
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Biomarkers and personalised medicine in paediatric kidney disease
BL Neuen, The Lancet Ped Adol Med, June 2023

The concept of precision medicine for children and adults with chronic kidney disease has gained considerable attention in the past decade, with improvements in our understanding of the genetic, molecular, and other mechanisms that drive disease predisposition and progression. A notable example is the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' Kidney Precision Medicine Project,

Clinical utility of polygenic risk scores: a critical 2023 appraisal
S Koch et al, J Comm Genetics, May 3, 2023

We surveyed the current state of PRSs for various diseases, including breast cancer, diabetes, prostate cancer, coronary artery disease, and Parkinson disease, with an extra focus upon the potential improvement of clinical scores by their combination with PRSs. We observed that the diagnostic and prognostic performance of PRSs alone is consistently low, as expected. Moreover, combining a PRS with a clinical score at best led to moderate improvement of the power of either risk marker. Despite the large number of PRSs reported in the scientific literature, prospective studies of their clinical utility, particularly of the PRS-associated improvement of standard screening or therapeutic procedures, are still rare.

Early Pregnancy Loss
K Walter, JAMA, April 2023

Early pregnancy loss is caused most commonly by fetal chromosomal abnormalities, which account for more than two-thirds of all early pregnancy loss between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for early pregnancy loss include older age at onset of pregnancy, prior pregnancy loss, some medical conditions (such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and lupus), and exposures during pregnancy that may harm a developing fetus (such as alcohol; some viral or bacterial infections; environmental exposure to lead, mercury, or radiation; and certain medications).

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Future Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Mariella Gregorich et al. JAMA network open 2023 4 (4) e231870

Can routinely available data from primary care visits be used to develop and externally validate a prediction model that reliably predicts estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for upcoming follow-up visits? In this prognostic study involving 4637 adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, a prediction model including 13 routinely collected baseline variables based on data from 3 prospective multinational cohort studies was developed and externally validated. The model was robust, well calibrated, and capable of predicting decreases in eGFR up to 5 years after baseline.

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Disclaimer: Articles listed in the Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base are selected by the CDC Office of Public Health Genomics to provide current awareness of the literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the update, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.

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