Last data update: Jun 03, 2024. (Total: 46935 publications since 2009)
Records 1-13 (of 13 Records) |
Query Trace: Teran RA [original query] |
---|
Tuberculosis preventive treatment update - U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 36 Countries, 2016-2023
Ajiboye AS , O'Connor S , Smith JP , Ahmedov S , Coggin WL , Charles M , Ghosh S , Pierre P , Shah N , Teran RA , Moonan PK , Date A . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (11) 233-238 Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among persons with HIV. In 2022, an estimated 167,000 TB-related deaths occurred globally among persons with HIV. TB preventive treatment (TPT) helps prevent TB disease and is recommended for persons at high risk for developing TB, including those with HIV. TPT, when taken with antiretroviral treatment (ART), can reduce TB-attributable deaths among persons with HIV. In 2018, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program committed to offer one course of TPT to all eligible clients receiving ART. This analysis describes trends in TPT initiation and completion among PEPFAR-supported programs in 36 countries in Africa, Central and South America, and Asia during fiscal years (FYs) 2017-2023. Overall, TPT initiation rates peaked in FY19, a possible sign of programmatic saturation. TPT initiation among clients who had been on ART <6 months reached 59%, and overall completion rates up to 87% were reported. Approximately 13 million persons with HIV have completed TPT since FY17, but widespread adoption of shorter regimens, patient-centered approaches, and electronic medical record systems might be needed to ensure full TPT coverage. Through PEPFAR's partnership with national HIV programs, TPT has become the standard of care for persons with HIV. |
SARS-cov-2 reinfection risk in persons with HIV, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020-2022
Teran RA , Gagner A , Gretsch S , Lauritsen J , Galanto D , Walblay K , Ruestow P , Korban C , Pacilli M , Kern D , Black SR , Tabidze I . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (11) 2257-2265 Understanding if persons with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection may help tailor future COVID-19 public health guidance. To determine whether HIV infection was associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, we followed adult residents of Chicago, Illinois, USA, with SARS-CoV-2 longitudinally from their first reported infection through May 31, 2022. We matched SARS-CoV-2 laboratory data and COVID-19 vaccine administration data to Chicago's Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System. Among 453,587 Chicago residents with SARS-CoV-2, a total of 5% experienced a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, including 192/2,886 (7%) PWH and 23,642/450,701 (5%) persons without HIV. We observed higher SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rates among PWH (66 [95% CI 57-77] cases/1,000 person-years) than PWOH (50 [95% CI 49-51] cases/1,000 person-years). PWH had a higher adjusted rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (1.46, 95% CI 1.27-1.68) than those without HIV. PWH should follow the recommended COVID-19 vaccine schedule, including booster doses. |
Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections among skilled nursing facility residents and staff members - Chicago, Illinois, December 2020-March 2021.
Teran RA , Walblay KA , Shane EL , Xydis S , Gretsch S , Gagner A , Samala U , Choi H , Zelinski C , Black SR . Am J Transplant 2021 21 (6) 2290-2297 This article describes 22 cases of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection among over 14,000 fully vaccinated skilled nursing facility residents and staff. The majority of such infections were asymptomatic or were associated with mild symptoms, and there was no intra- facility spread related to these cases. This report suggests that postvaccination breakthrough infections are rare, but also confirms that vaccines do not offer 100% protection even in nonimmunosuppressed hosts, thus underscoring the need for studies of vaccine efficacy in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. |
Mpox among public festival attendees, Chicago, Illinois, USA, July-August 2022
Faherty EAG , Teran RA , Black SR , Chundi V , Smith S , Bernhardt B , Weber E , Brassil B , Ruestow P , Kerins JL . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (5) 1059-1061 We investigated an mpox outbreak after a 2022 LGBTQ event in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Among case-patients, 38% had received 1 dose of mpox vaccine, none 2 doses; most reported sexual activity during the probable exposure period. Among other preventive measures, persons at risk should complete mpox vaccination 14 days before an event. |
Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infections in nursing homes during periods of Delta and Omicron predominance, United States, July 2021-March 2022
Wilson WW , Keaton AA , Ochoa LG , Hatfield KM , Gable P , Walblay KA , Teran RA , Shea M , Khan U , Stringer G , Ganesan M , Gilbert J , Colletti JG , Grogan EM , Calabrese C , Hennenfent A , Perlmutter R , Janiszewski KA , Brandeburg C , Kamal-Ahmed I , Strand K , Donahue M , Ashraf MS , Berns E , MacFarquhar J , Linder ML , Tran DJ , Kopp P , Walker RM , Ess R , Baggs J , Jernigan JA , Kallen A , Hunter JC . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (4) 761-770 SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated nursing home residents increased after the Omicron variant emerged. Data on booster dose effectiveness in this population are limited. During July 2021-March 2022, nursing home outbreaks in 11 US jurisdictions involving >3 infections within 14 days among residents who had received at least the primary COVID-19 vaccine(s) were monitored. Among 2,188 nursing homes, 1,247 outbreaks were reported in the periods of Delta (n = 356, 29%), mixed Delta/Omicron (n = 354, 28%), and Omicron (n = 536, 43%) predominance. During the Omicron-predominant period, the risk for infection within 14 days of an outbreak start was lower among boosted residents than among residents who had received the primary vaccine series alone (risk ratio [RR] 0.25, 95% CI 0.19-0.33). Once infected, boosted residents were at lower risk for all-cause hospitalization (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.40-0.49) and death (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59) than primary vaccine-only residents. |
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in nursing homes involving residents who had completed a primary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine series-13 US jurisdictions, July-November 2021.
Wyatt Wilson W , Keaton AA , Ochoa LG , Hatfield KM , Gable P , Walblay KA , Teran RA , Shea M , Khan U , Stringer G , Colletti JG , Grogan EM , Calabrese C , Hennenfent A , Perlmutter R , Janiszewski KA , Kamal-Ahmed I , Strand K , Berns E , MacFarquhar J , Linder M , Tran DJ , Kopp P , Walker RM , Ess R , Read JS , Yingst C , Baggs J , Jernigan JA , Kallen A , Hunter JC . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023 44 (6) 1-5 Among nursing home outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with ≥3 breakthrough infections when the predominant severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant circulating was the SARS-CoV-2 δ (delta) variant, fully vaccinated residents were 28% less likely to be infected than were unvaccinated residents. Once infected, they had approximately half the risk for all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death compared with unvaccinated infected residents. |
Multistate Outbreak of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant after Event in Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2021.
Spencer H , Teran RA , Barbian HJ , Love S , Berg R , Black SR , Ghinai I , Kerins JL . Emerg Infect Dis 2022 28 (6) 1281-1283 Bars and restaurants are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. A multistate outbreak after a bar gathering in Chicago, Illinois, USA, highlights Omicron variant transmissibility, the value of local genomic surveillance and interstate coordination, vaccination value, and the potential for rapid transmission of a novel variant across multiple states after 1 event. |
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant Transmission Within Households - Four U.S. Jurisdictions, November 2021-February 2022.
Baker JM , Nakayama JY , O'Hegarty M , McGowan A , Teran RA , Bart SM , Mosack K , Roberts N , Campos B , Paegle A , McGee J , Herrera R , English K , Barrios C , Davis A , Roloff C , Sosa LE , Brockmeyer J , Page L , Bauer A , Weiner JJ , Khubbar M , Bhattacharyya S , Kirking HL , Tate JE . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (9) 341-346 The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant, first detected in November 2021, was responsible for a surge in U.S. infections with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, during December 2021-January 2022 (1). To investigate the effectiveness of prevention strategies in household settings, CDC partnered with four U.S. jurisdictions to describe Omicron household transmission during November 2021-February 2022. Persons with sequence-confirmed Omicron infection and their household contacts were interviewed. Omicron transmission occurred in 124 (67.8%) of 183 households. Among 431 household contacts, 227 were classified as having a case of COVID-19 (attack rate [AR] = 52.7%).(†) The ARs among household contacts of index patients who had received a COVID-19 booster dose, of fully vaccinated index patients who completed their COVID-19 primary series within the previous 5 months, and of unvaccinated index patients were 42.7% (47 of 110), 43.6% (17 of 39), and 63.9% (69 of 108), respectively. The AR was lower among household contacts of index patients who isolated (41.2%, 99 of 240) compared with those of index patients who did not isolate (67.5%, 112 of 166) (p-value <0.01). Similarly, the AR was lower among household contacts of index patients who ever wore a mask at home during their potentially infectious period (39.5%, 88 of 223) compared with those of index patients who never wore a mask at home (68.9%, 124 of 180) (p-value <0.01). Multicomponent COVID-19 prevention strategies, including up-to-date vaccination, isolation of infected persons, and mask use at home, are critical to reducing Omicron transmission in household settings. |
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Associated With a Large Indoor Convention - New York City, November-December 2021.
Sami S , Horter L , Valencia D , Thomas I , Pomeroy M , Walker B , Smith-Jeffcoat SE , Tate JE , Kirking HL , Kyaw NTT , Burns R , Blaney K , Dorabawila V , Hoen R , Zirnhelt Z , Schardin C , Uehara A , Retchless AC , Brown VR , Gebru Y , Powell C , Bart SM , Vostok J , Lund H , Kaess J , Gumke M , Propper R , Thomas D , Ojo M , Green A , Wieck M , Wilson E , Hollingshead RJ , Nunez SV , Saady DM , Porse CC , Gardner K , Drociuk D , Scott J , Perez T , Collins J , Shaffner J , Pray I , Rust LT , Brady S , Kerins JL , Teran RA , Hughes V , Sepcic V , Low EW , Kemble SK , Berkley A , Cleavinger K , Safi H , Webb LM , Hutton S , Dewart C , Dickerson K , Hawkins E , Zafar J , Krueger A , Bushman D , Ethridge B , Hansen K , Tant J , Reed C , Boutwell C , Hanson J , Gillespie M , Donahue M , Lane P , Serrano R , Hernandez L , Dethloff MA , Lynfield R , Como-Sabetti K , Lutterloh E , Ackelsberg J , Ricaldi JN . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (7) 243-248 During November 19-21, 2021, an indoor convention (event) in New York City (NYC), was attended by approximately 53,000 persons from 52 U.S. jurisdictions and 30 foreign countries. In-person registration for the event began on November 18, 2021. The venue was equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration, and attendees were required to wear a mask indoors and have documented receipt of at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.* On December 2, 2021, the Minnesota Department of Health reported the first case of community-acquired COVID-19 in the United States caused by the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant in a person who had attended the event (1). CDC collaborated with state and local health departments to assess event-associated COVID-19 cases and potential exposures among U.S.-based attendees using data from COVID-19 surveillance systems and an anonymous online attendee survey. Among 34,541 attendees with available contact information, surveillance data identified test results for 4,560, including 119 (2.6%) persons from 16 jurisdictions with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results. Most (4,041 [95.2%]), survey respondents reported always wearing a mask while indoors at the event. Compared with test-negative respondents, test-positive respondents were more likely to report attending bars, karaoke, or nightclubs, and eating or drinking indoors near others for at least 15 minutes. Among 4,560 attendees who received testing, evidence of widespread transmission during the event was not identified. Genomic sequencing of 20 specimens identified the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant (AY.25 and AY.103 sublineages) in 15 (75%) cases, and the Omicron variant (BA.1 sublineage) in five (25%) cases. These findings reinforce the importance of implementing multiple, simultaneous prevention measures, such as ensuring up-to-date vaccination, mask use, physical distancing, and improved ventilation in limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission, during large, indoor events.(†). |
Multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in a University Outbreak After Spring Break - Chicago, Illinois, March-May 2021.
Doyle K , Teran RA , Reefhuis J , Kerins JL , Qiu X , Green SJ , Choi H , Madni SA , Kamal N , Landon E , Albert RC , Pacilli M , Furtado LE , Hayden MK , Kunstman KJ , Bethel C , Megger L , Fricchione MJ , Ghinai I . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (35) 1195-1200 To prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, colleges and universities have implemented multiple strategies including testing, isolation, quarantine, contact tracing, masking, and vaccination. In April 2021, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) was notified of a large cluster of students with COVID-19 at an urban university after spring break. A total of 158 cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed among undergraduate students during March 15-May 3, 2021; the majority (114; 72.2%) lived in on-campus dormitories. CDPH evaluated the role of travel and social connections, as well as the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants, on transmission. Among 140 infected students who were interviewed, 89 (63.6%) reported recent travel outside Chicago during spring break, and 57 (40.7%) reported indoor social exposures. At the time of the outbreak, undergraduate-aged persons were largely ineligible for vaccination in Chicago; only three of the students with COVID-19 (1.9%) were fully vaccinated. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 104 specimens revealed multiple distinct SARS-CoV-2 lineages, suggesting several nearly simultaneous introductions. Most specimens (66; 63.5%) were B.1.1.222, a lineage not widely detected in Chicago before or after this outbreak. These results demonstrate the potential for COVID-19 outbreaks on university campuses after widespread student travel during breaks, at the beginning of new school terms, and when students participate in indoor social gatherings. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, colleges and universities should encourage COVID-19 vaccination; discourage unvaccinated students from travel, including during university breaks; implement serial COVID-19 screening among unvaccinated persons after university breaks; encourage masking; and implement universal serial testing for students based on community transmission levels. |
Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members - Chicago, Illinois, December 2020-March 2021.
Teran RA , Walblay KA , Shane EL , Xydis S , Gretsch S , Gagner A , Samala U , Choi H , Zelinski C , Black SR . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (17) 632-638 Early studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccines protect against severe illness (1); however, postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections (i.e., breakthrough infections) can occur because COVID-19 vaccines do not offer 100% protection (2,3). Data evaluating the occurrence of breakthrough infections and impact of vaccination in decreasing transmission in congregate settings are limited. Skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents and staff members have been disproportionately affected by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (4,5), and were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination (6,7). Starting December 28, 2020, all 78 Chicago-based SNFs began COVID-19 vaccination clinics over several weeks through the federal Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program (PPP).(†) In February 2021, through routine screening, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) identified a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a SNF resident >14 days after receipt of the second dose of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccination series. SARS-CoV-2 cases, vaccination status, and possible vaccine breakthrough infections were identified by matching facility reports with state case and vaccination registries. Among 627 persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection across 75 SNFs since vaccination clinics began, 22 SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified among 12 residents and 10 staff members across 15 facilities ≥14 days after receiving their second vaccine dose (i.e., breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated persons). Nearly two thirds (14 of 22; 64%) of persons with breakthrough infections were asymptomatic; two residents were hospitalized because of COVID-19, and one died. No facility-associated secondary transmission occurred. Although few SARS-CoV-2 infections in fully vaccinated persons were observed, these cases demonstrate the need for SNFs to follow recommended routine infection prevention and control practices and promote high vaccination coverage among SNF residents and staff members. |
COVID-19 Outbreak Among Attendees of an Exercise Facility - Chicago, Illinois, August-September 2020.
Lendacki FR , Teran RA , Gretsch S , Fricchione MJ , Kerins JL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (9) 321-325 On September 8, 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) was notified of a potential outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at an exercise facility. COVID-19 cases were identified among 55 (68%) of 81 attendees of in-person classes held during August 24–September 1, 2020, including 49 (60%) cases confirmed by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and six (7%) probable cases among attendees who had compatible symptoms but negative or no RT-PCR test results. Overall, 43 (78%) attendees with COVID-19 participated in multiple classes while potentially infectious.* Twenty-two (40%) attendees with COVID-19 attended on or after the day of symptom onset. Among 58 exercise class attendees who provided information on in-class behaviors, 44 (76%) reported infrequent mask use, including 32 of 38 (84%) attendees with COVID-19 and 12 of 20 (60%) without COVID-19. The increased respiratory exertion that occurs in the enclosed spaces of indoor exercise facilities facilitates transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in these settings (1,2). To reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in exercise facilities, employees and patrons should wear a mask, even during high-intensity activities when ≥6 ft apart. In addition, facilities should provide engineering and administrative controls including 1) improving ventilation; 2) enforcing consistent and correct mask use and physical distancing (maintaining ≥6 ft of distance between all persons and limiting physical contact, class size, and crowded spaces); 3) reminding infected employees and patrons to stay home and away from others for ≥10 days after symptom onset or, if asymptomatic, after a positive test result, as well as to observe quarantine guidance after close contact with a person with COVID-19 and while awaiting test results; and 4) increasing opportunities for hand hygiene. Conducting exercise activities entirely outdoors or virtually could further reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. |
COVID-19 Outbreak Among a University's Men's and Women's Soccer Teams - Chicago, Illinois, July-August 2020.
Teran RA , Ghinai I , Gretsch S , Cable T , Black SR , Green SJ , Perez O , Chlipala GE , Maienschein-Cline M , Kunstman KJ , Bleasdale SC , Fricchione MJ . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (43) 1591-1594 Several reports have described the challenges associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission among college students who live and socialize together and have ongoing exposure on and off campus (1-3). This investigation identified 17 COVID-19 cases among students on a university's men's and women's soccer teams who lived, trained, and socialized together. After commencement of training, numerous social events occurred. Little to no mask use or social distancing was reported at social events attended by symptomatic and asymptomatic students, which might have led to additional cases. Given the number of events during the investigation period, the precise event where transmission occurred cannot be determined and might have also occurred at an unreported event. Living in shared accommodations with persons who also participated in multiple social gatherings without complying with recommended prevention behaviors such as using masks might have compounded transmission risk within this group. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:Jun 03, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure