Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Steven Oberste M [original query] |
---|
Poliovirus type 1 systemic humoral and intestinal mucosal immunity induced by monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine, fractional inactivated poliovirus vaccine, and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine: A randomized controlled trial
Snider CJ , Zaman K , Wilkinson AL , Binte Aziz A , Yunus M , Haque W , Jones KAV , Wei L , Estivariz CF , Konopka-Anstadt JL , Mainou BA , Patel JC , Lickness JS , Pallansch MA , Wassilak SGF , Steven Oberste M , Anand A . Vaccine 2023 41 (41) 6083-6092 BACKGROUND: To inform response strategies, we examined type 1 humoral and intestinal immunity induced by 1) one fractional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (fIPV) dose given with monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV1), and 2) mOPV1 versus bivalent OPV (bOPV). METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Healthy infants aged 5 weeks were block randomized to one of four arms: mOPV1 at age 6-10-14 weeks/fIPV at 6 weeks (A); mOPV1 at 6-10-14 weeks/fIPV at 10 weeks (B); mOPV1 at 6-10-14 weeks (C); and bOPV at 6-10-14 weeks (D). Immune response at 10 weeks and cumulative response at 14 weeks was assessed among the modified intention-to-treat population, defined as seroconversion from seronegative (<1:8 titers) to seropositive (≥1:8) or a four-fold titer rise among seropositive participants sustained to age 18 weeks. We examined virus shedding after two doses of mOPV1 with and without fIPV, and after the first mOPV1 or bOPV dose. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03722004). FINDINGS: During 18 December 2018 - 23 November 2019, 1,192 infants were enrolled (arms A:301; B:295; C:298; D:298). Immune responses at 14 weeks did not differ after two mOPV1 doses alone (94% [95% CI: 91-97%]) versus two mOPV1 doses with fIPV at 6 weeks (96% [93-98%]) or 10 weeks (96% [93-98%]). Participants who received mOPV1 and fIPV at 10 weeks had significantly lower shedding (p < 0·001) one- and two-weeks later compared with mOPV1 alone. Response to one mOPV1 dose was significantly higher than one bOPV dose (79% versus 67%; p < 0·001) and shedding two-weeks later was significantly higher after mOPV1 (76% versus 56%; p < 0·001) indicating improved vaccine replication. Ninety-nine adverse events were reported, 29 serious including two deaths; none were attributed to study vaccines. INTERPRETATION: Given with the second mOPV1 dose, fIPV improved intestinal immunity but not humoral immunity. One mOPV1 dose induced higher humoral and intestinal immunity than bOPV. FUNDING: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
Evaluating stability of attenuated Sabin and two novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccines in children.
Wahid R , Mercer L , Gast C , De Leon T , Sáez-Llorens X , Fix A , Macadam A , Stephens L , Chumakov K , Smits SL , Murreddu M , Konopka-Anstadt JL , Steven Oberste M , Burns CC , Andino R , Bachtiar NS , Tritama E , Bandyopadhyay AS , Aguirre G , Rüttimann R , Konz JO . NPJ Vaccines 2022 7 (1) 19 Novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) is being developed to reduce the rare occurrence of disease and outbreaks associated with the genetic instability of the Sabin vaccine strains. Children aged 1 to 5 years were enrolled in two related clinical studies to assess safety, immunogenicity, shedding rates and properties of the shed virus following vaccination with nOPV2 (two candidates) versus traditional Sabin OPV type 2 (mOPV2). The anticipated pattern of reversion and increased virulence was observed for shed Sabin-2 virus, as assessed using a mouse model of poliovirus neurovirulence. In contrast, there were significantly reduced odds of mouse paralysis for shed virus for both nOPV2 candidates when compared to shed Sabin-2 virus. Next-generation sequencing of shed viral genomes was consistent with and further supportive of the observed neurovirulence associated with shed Sabin-2 virus, as well as the reduced reversion to virulence of shed candidate viruses. While shed Sabin-2 showed anticipated A481G reversion in the primary attenuation site in domain V in the 5' untranslated region to be associated with increased mouse paralysis, the stabilized domain V in the candidate viruses did not show polymorphisms consistent with reversion to neurovirulence. The available data from a key target age group for outbreak response confirm the superior genetic and phenotypic stability of shed nOPV2 strains compared to shed Sabin-2 and suggest that nOPV2 should be associated with less paralytic disease and potentially a lower risk of seeding new outbreaks. |
Comparison of Illumina MiSeq and the Ion Torrent PGM and S5 platforms for whole-genome sequencing of picornaviruses and caliciviruses.
Marine RL , Magana LC , Castro CJ , Zhao K , Montmayeur AM , Schmidt A , Diez-Valcarce M , Fan Ng TF , Vinje J , Burns CC , Allan Nix W , Rota PA , Oberste MS . J Virol Methods 2020 280 113865 Next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for virological surveillance. While Illumina(R) and Ion Torrent(R) sequencing platforms are used extensively for generating viral RNA genome sequences, there is limited data comparing different platforms. The Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent PGM and Ion Torrent S5 platforms were evaluated using a panel of sixteen specimens containing picornaviruses and human caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses). The specimens were processed, using combinations of three library preparation and five sequencing kits, to assess the quality and completeness of assembled viral genomes, and an estimation of cost per sample to generate the data was calculated. The choice of library preparation kit and sequencing platform was found to impact the breadth of genome coverage and accuracy of consensus viral genomes. The Ion Torrent S5 510 chip runs produced more reads at a lower cost per sample than the highest output Ion Torrent PGM 318 chip run, and generated the highest proportion of reads for enterovirus D68 samples. However, indels at homopolymer regions impacted the accuracy of consensus genome sequences. For lower throughput sequencing runs (i.e., Ion Torrent 510 and Illumina MiSeq Nano V2), the cost per sample was lower on the MiSeq platform, whereas with higher throughput runs (Ion Torrent 530 and Illumina MiSeq V2) there is less of a difference in the cost per sample between the two sequencing platforms ($5.47-$10.25 more per sample for an Ion Torrent 530 chip run when multiplexing 24 samples). These findings suggest that the Ion Torrent S5 and Illumina MiSeq platforms are both viable options for genomic sequencing of RNA viruses, each with specific advantages and tradeoffs. |
Frequency of enterovirus in patients with suspected bacterial meningitis in Turkey
Kuzdan C , Soysal A , Steven Oberste M , Bakır M . Nobel Medicus 2016 12 (1) 49-54 Objective: Enteroviruses are responsible for the majority of cases of aseptic meningitis. Among these, the human parechoviruses (HPeV) have recently been recognised as important contributors. Discrimination between bacterial and viral meningitis is important for proper treatment and prognosis; however, this distinction is not always possible based on clinical presentation because viral meningitis can mimic bacterial meningitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of enterovirus and HPeV infection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from children diagnosed with bacterial meningitis but negative for bacteria in Turkey between 2006 and 2009. Material and Method: CSF samples were collected from children with suspected bacterial meningitis from 37 clinical centres in Turkey. Among 1,460 CSF samples available, 1,184 were negative for bacteria and were included in the study. Enteroviral and HPeV RNA were detected in CSF samples by rRT-PCR, and specific genotypes were identified by direct sequencing of the VP1 region. Results: Enteroviruses were detected in 13 (1%) of the 1,184 CSF specimens analysed and included echovirus 14 (n=1), echovirus 9 (n=1), coxsackievirus B4 (n=1), and unknown serotype (n=10). No HPeVs were detected. Conclusion: Neither clinical nor CSF laboratory criteria routinely used to diagnose bacterial meningitis can definitively rule out viral aetiology, so viral infections should be considered during meningitis surveillance and in patient care. © 2016, Nobelmedicus. All rights reserved. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 20, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure