Last data update: Sep 23, 2024. (Total: 47723 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Shrader L [original query] |
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Mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 in nondomestic felids
Drozd M , Ritter JM , Samuelson JP , Parker M , Wang L , Sander SJ , Yoshicedo J , Wright L , Odani J , Shrader T , Lee E , Lockhart SR , Ghai RR , Terio KA . Vet Pathol 2024 3009858231225500 Between September and November 2021, 5 snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and 1 lion (Panthera leo) were naturally infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and developed progressive respiratory disease that resulted in death. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sequencing identified the delta variant in all cases sequenced, which was the predominant human variant at that time. The time between initial clinical signs and death ranged from 3 to 45 days. Gross lesions in all 6 cats included nasal turbinate hyperemia with purulent discharge and marked pulmonary edema. Ulcerative tracheitis and bronchitis were noted in 4 cases. Histologically, there was necrotizing and ulcerative rhinotracheitis and bronchitis with fibrinocellular exudates and fibrinosuppurative to pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia. The 4 cats that survived longer than 8 days had fungal abscesses. Concurrent bacteria were noted in 4 cases, including those with more acute disease courses. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected by in situ hybridization using probes against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid genes and by immunohistochemistry. Viral nucleic acid and protein were variably localized to mucosal and glandular epithelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages, and fibrinocellular debris. Based on established criteria, SARS-CoV-2 was considered a contributing cause of death in all 6 cats. While mild clinical infections are more common, these findings suggest that some SARS-CoV-2 variants may cause more severe disease and that snow leopards may be more severely affected than other felids. |
Influenza Vaccinations During the COVID-19 Pandemic - 11 U.S. Jurisdictions, September-December 2020.
Roman PC , Kirtland K , Zell ER , Jones-Jack N , Shaw L , Shrader L , Sprague C , Schultz J , Le Q , Nalla A , Kuramoto S , Cheng I , Woinarowicz M , Robison S , Robinson S , Meder K , Murphy A , Gibbs-Scharf L , Harris L , Murthy BP . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (45) 1575-1578 Influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Between 2010 and 2020, an estimated 9-41 million cases resulted in 140,000-710,000 hospitalizations and 12,000-52,000 deaths annually (1). As the United States enters the 2021-22 influenza season, the potential impact of influenza illnesses is of concern given that influenza season will again coincide with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which could further strain overburdened health care systems. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine annual influenza vaccination for the 2021-22 influenza season for all persons aged ≥6 months who have no contraindications (2). To assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination coverage, the percentage change between administration of at least 1 dose of influenza vaccine during September-December 2020 was compared with the average administered in the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019. The data analyzed were reported from 11 U.S. jurisdictions with high-performing state immunization information systems.* Overall, influenza vaccine administration was 9.0% higher in 2020 compared with the average in 2018 and 2019, combined. However, in 2020, the number of influenza vaccine doses administered to children aged 6-23 months and children aged 2-4 years, was 13.9% and 11.9% lower, respectively than the average for each age group in 2018 and 2019. Strategic efforts are needed to ensure high influenza vaccination coverage among all age groups, especially children aged 6 months-4 years who are not yet eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Administration of influenza vaccine and a COVID-19 vaccine among eligible populations is especially important to reduce the potential strain that influenza and COVID-19 cases could place on health care systems already overburdened by COVID-19. |
Cultural stress in the age of mass xenophobia: Perspectives from Latin/o adolescents
Vos SR , Shrader CH , Alvarez VC , Meca A , Unger JB , Brown EC , Zeledon I , Soto D , Schwartz SJ . Int J Intercult Relat 2021 80 217-230 During the last four years, xenophobic rhetoric directed toward Latino immigrants in U.S. media outlets and political forums has greatly increased. Using a general inductive approach, this qualitative study examined the forms of cultural stress, with a focus on discrimination and xenophobia, experienced by Latino adolescents in urban U.S. settings in 2018 and 2019. Six focus groups were conducted in Miami and Los Angeles (three groups per city) with first- and second-generation tenth-grade Latino students (n = 34). The following four themes emerged from the data: perceived discrimination from other Latino subgroups (in-group discrimination), perceived discrimination from non-Latino groups (out-group discrimination), internalization of stressors and discrimination experienced by participants' parents, and the current U.S. political rhetoric surrounding immigration. Understanding cultural stress among Latino adolescents provides valuable insight for future interventions to offset negative health outcomes associated with cultural stress. |
Clinical Decision Support for Immunization Uptake and Use in Immunization Health Information Systems.
Shrader L , Myerburg S , Larson E . Online J Public Health Inform 2020 12 (1) e10 In the United States, immunization recommendations and their associated schedules are developed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). To assist with the translation process and better harmonize the outcomes of existing clinical decision support tools, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created clinical decision support for immunization (CDSi) resources for each set of ACIP recommendations. These resources are continually updated and refined as new vaccine recommendations and clarifications become available and will be available to health information systems for a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine when one becomes available for use in the United States Objectives: To assess awareness of CDSi resources, whether CDSi resources were being used by immunization-related health information systems, and perceived impact of CDSi resources on stakeholders' work Design: Online surveys conducted from 2015-2019 including qualitative and quantitative questions Participants: The main and technical contact from each of the 64 CDC-funded immunization information system (IIS) awardees, IIS vendors, and electronic health record vendors Results: Awareness of at least one resource increased from 75% of respondents in 2015 to 100% in 2019. Use of at least one CDSi resource also increased from 47% in 2015 to 78% in 2019. About 80% or more of users of CDSi are somewhat or very highly satisfied with the resources and report a somewhat or very positive impact from using them Conclusion: As awareness and use of CDSi resources increases, the likelihood that patients receive recommended immunizations at the right time will also increase. Rapid and precise integration of vaccine recommendations into health information systems will be particularly important when a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available to help facilitate vaccine implementation. |
Increasing human papillomavirus vaccination at the recommended age
Lin X , Shrader L , Rodgers L , Stokley S , Markowitz LE . Vaccine 2018 37 (5) 686-689 In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been recommended for females since 2006 and for males since 2011. However, national HPV vaccination coverage among adolescents is lower than national targets, and many adolescents initiate HPV vaccination later than the recommended age. We analyzed records for >2 million persons born during 1996-2000 who initiated HPV vaccination at age 9 through 16years from six Immunization Information Systems Sentinel Sites, displayed the distribution of HPV vaccination initiation age, and calculated HPV vaccination coverage. More adolescents in recent cohorts initiated HPV vaccination at the recommended age of 11-12years, the majority of whom received another recommended vaccine on the same day. However, >40% of all vaccinated adolescents did not initiate the HPV vaccination until age 13years or later. Continued efforts are needed to increase HPV vaccination initiation at the recommended age. |
No interactions between previously associated 2-hour glucose gene variants and physical activity or BMI on 2-hour glucose levels.
Scott RA , Chu AY , Grarup N , Manning AK , Hivert MF , Shungin D , Tonjes A , Yesupriya A , Barnes D , Bouatia-Naji N , Glazer NL , Jackson AU , Kutalik Z , Lagou V , Marek D , Rasmussen-Torvik LJ , Stringham HM , Tanaka T , Aadahl M , Arking DE , Bergmann S , Boerwinkle E , Bonnycastle LL , Bornstein SR , Brunner E , Bumpstead SJ , Brage S , Carlson OD , Chen H , Chen YD , Chines PS , Collins FS , Couper DJ , Dennison EM , Dowling NF , Egan JS , Ekelund U , Erdos MR , Forouhi NG , Fox CS , Goodarzi MO , Grässler J , Gustafsson S , Hallmans G , Hansen T , Hingorani A , Holloway JW , Hu FB , Isomaa B , Jameson KA , Johansson I , Jonsson A , Jørgensen T , Kivimaki M , Kovacs P , Kumari M , Kuusisto J , Laakso M , Lecoeur C , Lévy-Marchal C , Li G , Loos RJ , Lyssenko V , Marmot M , Marques-Vidal P , Morken MA , Müller G , North KE , Pankow JS , Payne F , Prokopenko I , Psaty BM , Renström F , Rice K , Rotter JI , Rybin D , Sandholt CH , Sayer AA , Shrader P , Schwarz PE , Siscovick DS , Stancáková A , Stumvoll M , Teslovich TM , Waeber G , Williams GH , Witte DR , Wood AR , Xie W , Boehnke M , Cooper C , Ferrucci L , Froguel P , Groop L , Kao WH , Vollenweider P , Walker M , Watanabe RM , Pedersen O , Meigs JB , Ingelsson E , Barroso I , Florez JC , Franks PW , Dupuis J , Wareham NJ , Langenberg C . Diabetes 2012 61 (5) 1291-6 Gene-lifestyle interactions have been suggested to contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Glucose levels 2 h after a standard 75-g glucose challenge are used to diagnose diabetes and are associated with both genetic and lifestyle factors. However, whether these factors interact to determine 2-h glucose levels is unknown. We meta-analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) x BMI and SNP x physical activity (PA) interaction regression models for five SNPs previously associated with 2-h glucose levels from up to 22 studies comprising 54,884 individuals without diabetes. PA levels were dichotomized, with individuals below the first quintile classified as inactive (20%) and the remainder as active (80%). BMI was considered a continuous trait. Inactive individuals had higher 2-h glucose levels than active individuals (beta = 0.22 mmol/L [95% CI 0.13-0.31], P = 1.63 x 10(-6)). All SNPs were associated with 2-h glucose (beta = 0.06-0.12 mmol/allele, P ≤ 1.53 x 10(-7)), but no significant interactions were found with PA (P > 0.18) or BMI (P ≥ 0.04). In this large study of gene-lifestyle interaction, we observed no interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors, both of which were associated with 2-h glucose. It is perhaps unlikely that top loci from genome-wide association studies will exhibit strong subgroup-specific effects, and may not, therefore, make the best candidates for the study of interactions. |
Genetic associations with metabolic syndrome and its quantitative traits by race/ethnicity in the United States.
Vassy JL , Shrader P , Yang Q , Liu T , Yesupriya A , Chang MH , Dowling NF , Ned RM , Dupuis J , Florez JC , Khoury MJ , Meigs JB . Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011 9 (6) 475-82 BACKGROUND: Elevated insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) are features of the metabolic syndrome. Although several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits have been reported, no study has reported their risk allele frequencies and effect sizes among the major U.S. race/ethnic groups in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We compared the risk allele frequencies of eight SNPs previously associated with IR, TG, BMI, or WC by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American) in 3,030 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study III (NHANES III). In regression models predicting IR, TG, BMI, WC, and metabolic syndrome, we tested whether the SNP effect sizes on these traits varied by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Risk allele frequencies varied by race/ethnicity for all eight loci (P<0.0001). The directionality of effects of the variants on IR, TG, WC, and BMI was generally consistent with previous observations and did not differ by race/ethnicity (P>0.001), although our study had low power for this test. No SNP predicted metabolic syndrome in any of the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The significance of racial/ethnic differences in risk allele frequencies merits consideration if genetic discoveries are to have clinical and public health applicability. |
Racial/ethnic differences in association of fasting glucose-associated genomic loci with fasting glucose, HOMA-B, and impaired fasting glucose in the U.S. adult population.
Yang Q , Liu T , Shrader P , Yesupriya A , Chang MH , Dowling NF , Ned RM , Dupuis J , Florez JC , Khoury MJ , Meigs JB . Diabetes Care 2010 33 (11) 2370-7 OBJECTIVE: To estimate allele frequencies, marginal and combined effects of novel fasting glucose (FG)-associated SNPs on FG levels and on risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican American. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: DNA samples from 3024 adult fasting participants in NHANES III (1991-1994) were genotyped for 16 novel FG-associated SNPs in multiple genes. We determined the allele frequencies and influence of these SNPs alone and in a weighted genetic risk score on FG, homeostasis model-assessed beta-cell function (HOMA-B), and IFG by race/ethnicity while adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS: All allele frequencies varied significantly by race/ethnicity. A weighted genetic risk score, based on the 16 SNPs, was associated with a 0.022 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.009, 0.035), 0.036 mmol/L (95% CI 0.019, 0.052), and 0.033 mmol/L (95% CI 0.020, 0.046) increase in FG levels per risk allele among non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for IFG were 1.78 for non-Hispanic whites (95% CI 1.00, 3.17), 2.40 for non-Hispanic blacks (CI 1.07, 5.37), and 2.39 for Mexican American (95% CI 1.37, 4.14) when we compared the highest to lowest quintiles of genetic risk score (p = 0.365 for testing heterogeneity of effect across race/ethnicity). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that allele frequencies of 16 novel FG-associated SNPs vary significantly by race/ethnicity, but the influence of these SNPs on FG levels, HOMA-B, and IFG were generally consistent across all racial/ethnic groups. |
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