Last data update: Apr 22, 2024. (Total: 46599 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Shelby D [original query] |
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Building infrastructure for surveillance of adverse and positive childhood experiences: Integrated, multimethod approaches to generate data for prevention action
Anderson KN , Swedo EA , Clayton HB , Niolon PH , Shelby D , McDavidHarrison K . Am J Prev Med 2022 62 S31-s39 Adverse and positive childhood experiences have a profound impact on lifespan health and well-being. However, their incorporation into ongoing population-based surveillance systems has been limited. This paper outlines critical steps in building a comprehensive approach to adverse and positive childhood experiences surveillance, provides examples from the Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences: Data to Action cooperative agreement, and describes improvements needed to optimize surveillance data for action. Components of a comprehensive approach to adverse and positive childhood experiences surveillance include revisiting definitions and measurement, including generating and using uniform definitions for adverse and positive childhood experiences across data collection efforts; conducting youth-based surveillance of adverse and positive childhood experiences; using innovative methods to gather and analyze near real-time data; leveraging available data, including from administrative sources; and integrating data on community- and societal-level risk and protective factors for adverse childhood experiences, including social and health inequities such as racism and poverty, as well as policies and conditions that create healthy environments for children and families. Comprehensive surveillance data on adverse and positive childhood experiences can inform data-driven prevention and intervention efforts, including focusing prevention programming and services to populations in greatest need. Data can be used to evaluate progress in reducing the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences and bolstering the occurrence of positive childhood experiences. Through expansion and improvement in adverse and positive childhood experiences surveillance-including at federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local levels-data-driven action can reduce children's exposure to violence and other adversities and improve lifelong health and well-being. |
'PrEP'ing Memphis: A qualitative process evaluation of peer navigation support
Pichon LC , Teti M , Betts JE , Brantley M . Eval Program Plann 2021 90 101989 BACKGROUND: HIV PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) navigation comprises intervention strategies used to improve PrEP uptake via education, linkage, and follow-up/ongoing engagement. During 2016-2019, the Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) implemented a CDC-funded demonstration project ("Project PrIDE") focused on PrEP navigation in Memphis community-based organizations (CBOs) and the Shelby County Health Department (HD). A process evaluation was conducted to determine facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the Memphis-based Project PrIDE PrEP navigation activities. METHODS: A total of fourteen in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted, with nine PrEP navigators in evaluation year 1 (2018) and five of the original navigators in evaluation year 2 (2019), to understand the navigation processes using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Facilitators of PrEP navigation included accessing clients at testing events, accompanying clients to first appointments, rapport building with patient and clinic staff, and maintaining consistent engagement with clients. Factors impeding PrEP navigation included difficulties assessing client readiness, tracking client navigation status, and stigmatizing clinic and social experiences for clients. CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED: Findings have informed the scale-up of PrEP navigation implementation statewide, along with priority setting and resource allocation for the local Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative in Memphis. |
Modeling of Future COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Rates and Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Scenarios - United States, April-September 2021.
Borchering RK , Viboud C , Howerton E , Smith CP , Truelove S , Runge MC , Reich NG , Contamin L , Levander J , Salerno J , van Panhuis W , Kinsey M , Tallaksen K , Obrecht RF , Asher L , Costello C , Kelbaugh M , Wilson S , Shin L , Gallagher ME , Mullany LC , Rainwater-Lovett K , Lemaitre JC , Dent J , Grantz KH , Kaminsky J , Lauer SA , Lee EC , Meredith HR , Perez-Saez J , Keegan LT , Karlen D , Chinazzi M , Davis JT , Mu K , Xiong X , Pastore YPiontti A , Vespignani A , Srivastava A , Porebski P , Venkatramanan S , Adiga A , Lewis B , Klahn B , Outten J , Schlitt J , Corbett P , Telionis PA , Wang L , Peddireddy AS , Hurt B , Chen J , Vullikanti A , Marathe M , Healy JM , Slayton RB , Biggerstaff M , Johansson MA , Shea K , Lessler J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (19) 719-724 After a period of rapidly declining U.S. COVID-19 incidence during January-March 2021, increases occurred in several jurisdictions (1,2) despite the rapid rollout of a large-scale vaccination program. This increase coincided with the spread of more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including B.1.1.7 (1,3) and relaxation of COVID-19 prevention strategies such as those for businesses, large-scale gatherings, and educational activities. To provide long-term projections of potential trends in COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub teams used a multiple-model approach comprising six models to assess the potential course of COVID-19 in the United States across four scenarios with different vaccination coverage rates and effectiveness estimates and strength and implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (public health policies, such as physical distancing and masking) over a 6-month period (April-September 2021) using data available through March 27, 2021 (4). Among the four scenarios, an accelerated decline in NPI adherence (which encapsulates NPI mandates and population behavior) was shown to undermine vaccination-related gains over the subsequent 2-3 months and, in combination with increased transmissibility of new variants, could lead to surges in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. A sharp decline in cases was projected by July 2021, with a faster decline in the high-vaccination scenarios. High vaccination rates and compliance with public health prevention measures are essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent surges in hospitalizations and deaths in the coming months. |
Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event - Illinois, February 2021.
Sami S , Turbyfill CR , Daniel-Wayman S , Shonkwiler S , Fisher KA , Kuhring M , Patrick AM , Hinton S , Minor AS , Ricaldi JN , Ezike N , Kauerauf J , Duffus WA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (14) 528-532 During February 2021, an opening event was held indoors at a rural Illinois bar that accommodates approximately 100 persons. The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) and local health department staff members investigated a COVID-19 outbreak associated with this opening event. Overall, 46 COVID-19 cases were linked to the event, including cases in 26 patrons and three staff members who attended the opening event and 17 secondary cases. Four persons with cases had COVID-19-like symptoms on the same day they attended the event. Secondary cases included 12 cases in eight households with children, two on a school sports team, and three in a long-term care facility (LTCF). Transmission associated with the opening event resulted in one school closure affecting 650 children (9,100 lost person-days of school) and hospitalization of one LTCF resident with COVID-19. These findings demonstrate that opening up settings such as bars, where mask wearing and physical distancing are challenging, can increase the risk for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. As community businesses begin to reopen, a multicomponent approach should be emphasized in settings such as bars to prevent transmission* (1). This includes enforcing consistent and correct mask use, maintaining ≥6 ft of physical distance between persons, reducing indoor bar occupancy, prioritizing outdoor seating, improving building ventilation, and promoting behaviors such as staying at home when ill, as well as implementing contact tracing in combination with isolation and quarantine when COVID-19 cases are diagnosed. |
Reproductive incompatibility between Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) group ticks from two disjunct geographical regions within the USA.
Allerdice MEJ , Snellgrove AN , Hecht JA , Hartzer K , Jones ES , Biggerstaff BJ , Ford SL , Karpathy SE , Delgado-de la Mora J , Delgado-de la Mora D , Licona-Enriquez JD , Goddard J , Levin ML , Paddock CD . Exp Appl Acarol 2020 82 (4) 543-557 The Amblyomma maculatum Koch group of ixodid ticks consists of three species: A. maculatum, A. triste, and A. tigrinum. However, since Koch described this group in 1844, the systematics of its members has been the subject of ongoing debate. This is especially true of A. maculatum and A. triste; recent molecular analyses reveal insufficient genetic divergence to separate these as distinct species. Further confounding this issue is the discovery in 2014 of A. maculatum group ticks in southern Arizona (AZ), USA, that share morphological characteristics with both A. triste and A. maculatum. To biologically evaluate the identity of A. maculatum group ticks from southern Arizona, we analyzed the reproductive compatibility between specimens of A. maculatum group ticks collected from Georgia (GA), USA, and southern Arizona. Female ticks from both Arizona and Georgia were mated with males from both the Georgia and Arizona Amblyomma populations, creating two homologous and two heterologous F1 cohorts of ticks: GA ♀/GA ♂, AZ ♀/AZ ♂, GA ♀/AZ ♂, and AZ ♀/GA ♂. Each cohort was maintained separately into the F2 generation with F1 females mating only with F1 males from their same cohort. Survival and fecundity parameters were measured for all developmental stages. The observed survival parameters for heterologous cohorts were comparable to those of the homologous cohorts through the F1 generation. However, the F1 heterologous females produced F2 egg clutches that did not hatch, thus indicating that the Arizona and Georgia populations of A. maculatum group ticks tested here represent different biological species. |
Pain among cancer survivors
Gallaway MS , Townsend JS , Shelby D , Puckett MC . Prev Chronic Dis 2020 17 E54 INTRODUCTION: Pain is one of the most common symptoms that people with cancer experience. Identification of demographic, physiologic, and behavioral correlates of pain among cancer survivors could help identify subgroups most in need of pain management. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cancer Survivorship Optional Module, which was completed by 18 states and territories, to describe demographic and physiologic characteristics of cancer survivors reporting physical pain caused by cancer or cancer treatment. Adjusted and unadjusted population-based estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Of 12,019 cancer survivor respondents, 9.5% reported current pain related to cancer or cancer treatment. Current pain differed significantly by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and cancer type. Current pain was reported most often among survivors with more than 3 chronic diseases (16.7%) compared with survivors with none (8.1%) or 1 or 2 (10.0%). Pain was higher among survivors reporting fair or poor general health (18.0%) than among survivors reporting otherwise, and higher among survivors reporting more than 14 days of poor physical health (16.6%) or poor mental health (14.8%) compared with less than 14 days (in the past 30 days). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that approximately 10% of cancer survivors in the United States are experiencing pain that may have persisted for years after their initial diagnosis and may not be adequately controlled. Increasing knowledge of the most appropriate pain management planning and strategies for controlling short- and long-term chronic pain among cancer survivors could help reduce the prevalence of pain. |
Five months of voluntary wheel running downregulates skeletal muscle LINE-1 gene expression in rats.
Romero MA , Mumford PW , Roberson PA , Osburn SC , Parry HA , Kavazis AN , Gladden LB , Schwartz TS , Baker BA , Toedebusch RG , Childs TE , Booth FW , Roberts MD . Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019 317 (6) C1313-C1323 Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA and constitute approximately half of the human genome. LINE-1 (L1) is the only active autonomous TE in the mammalian genome and has been implicated in a number of diseases as well as aging. We have previously reported skeletal muscle L1 expression is lower following acute and chronic exercise training in humans. Herein, we used a rodent model of voluntary wheel running to determine if long-term exercise training affects markers of skeletal muscle L1 regulation. Selectively-bred high running female Wistar rats (n=11 per group) were either given access to a running wheel (EX) or not (SED) at 5 weeks of age, and these conditions were maintained until 27 weeks of age. Thereafter, mixed gastrocnemius tissue was harvested and analyzed for L1 mRNA expression and DNA content along with other L1 regulation markers. We observed significantly (p<0.05) lower L1 mRNA expression, higher L1 DNA methylation, and less L1 DNA in accessible chromatin regions in EX versus SED rats. We followed these experiments with 3-h in vitro drug treatments in L6 myotubes to mimic transient exercise-specific signaling events. The AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR; 4mM) significantly decreased L1 mRNA expression in L6 myotubes. However, this effect was not facilitated through increased L1 DNA methylation. Collectively, these data suggest long-term voluntary wheel running downregulates skeletal muscle L1 mRNA, and this may occur through chromatin modifications. Enhanced AMPK signaling with repetitive exercise bouts may also decrease L1 mRNA expression, albeit the mechanism of action remains unknown. |
Characteristics of school-associated youth homicides - United States, 1994-2018
Holland KM , Hall JE , Wang J , Gaylor EM , Johnson LL , Shelby D , Simon TR . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (3) 53-60 To understand trends and characteristics in school-associated homicides involving youths, data from CDC's School-Associated Violent Death Surveillance System were analyzed for 393 single-victim incidents that occurred during July 1994-June 2016 and 38 multiple-victim incidents (resulting in 121 youth homicides) during July 1994-June 2018. School-associated homicides consistently represent <2% of all youth homicides in the United States (1,2). The overall 22-year trend for single-victim homicide rates did not change significantly. However, multiple-victim incidence rates increased significantly from July 2009 to June 2018. Many school-associated homicides, particularly single-victim incidents, are similar to youth homicides unrelated to schools, often involving male, racial/ethnic minority youth victims, and occurring in urban settings. The majority of both single-victim (62.8%) and multiple-victim (95.0%) homicides were from a firearm-related injury. A comprehensive approach to violence prevention is needed to reduce risk for violence on and off school grounds. |
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Vibrio sp. Isolates from across the United States Closely Related to Vibrio cholerae.
Islam MT , Liang K , Im MS , Winkjer J , Busby S , Tarr CL , Boucher Y . Microbiol Resour Announc 2018 7 (21) We are reporting whole-genome sequences of nine Vibrio sp. isolates closely related to the waterborne human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. These isolates were recovered from sources, including human samples, from different regions of the United States. Genome analysis suggests that this group of isolates represents a highly divergent basal V. cholerae lineage or a closely related novel species. |
Notes from the field: Measles outbreak of unknown source - Shelby County, Tennessee, April-May 2016
Fill MA , Sweat D , Morrow H , Haushalter A , Martin JC , Zerwekh T , Chakraverty T , Kmet J , Morris K , Moore K , Kainer M , Murphree R , Dunn JR , Schaffner W , Jones TF . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (38) 1039-1040 On April 15, 2016, local public health officials in Shelby County, Tennessee, were notified of a positive measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) test for a male aged 18 months (patient A). On April 18, 2016, a second positive measles IgM test was reported for a man aged 50 years (patient B). Both patients had rash onset on April 9, 2016. The Shelby County Health Department initiated an investigation, and confirmatory testing for measles virus on oropharyngeal swabs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at CDC was positive for both patients. On April 21, 2016, public health officials were notified of a third suspected measles case in a female aged 7 months (patient C) who had developed a rash on April 14; PCR testing was positive. Genotyping conducted at CDC identified genotype B3 measles virus in all three cases. Genotype B3 is known to be circulating globally and has previously been associated with imported cases in the United States. |
Rodent Control and Public Health: A Description of Local Rodent Control Programs
Brown LM , Laco J . J Environ Health 2015 78 (4) 28-9 From the 1900 San Francisco bubonic plague epidemic to the 2012 Yosemite National Park hantavirus outbreak, rodents have been a feature of the environment and can compromise the public’s health1. In addition to potentially carrying parasites and pathogens, Norway rats, roof rats, and house mice have been destroying infrastructure, infesting houses and businesses, and damaging property for centuries. To this end, the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) performed a profile of nine rodent control programs across the nation, within large local municipalities. The goal of the project was to understand the current capacity of local rodent control programs across the United States, and identify best practices, challenges, and technical assistance needs. | | A majority of the surveyed programs were located in a comprehensive vector control program in the environmental health division of the local health department. However, in New Orleans (LA), the Mosquito, Termite, and Rodent Control Board within the City Department of Homeland Security assumed the operations of the program from the health department as they felt the duties were more aligned with those of the board. A majority of the programs were supported by local funds. Only two programs, Los Angeles County (CA) and Shelby County (TN), are funded by service fees. In Shelby County, the program is fully funded through a State–legislated Vector Control Fee. Overall, funding for a majority of the programs has either decreased or remained the same within the past five years. Of the five programs who noted a decrease in funds, these reductions resulted in significant staffing and activity cuts. For example, in Los Angeles County the program previously addressed rodent complaints from owner-occupied properties for free, but now has a pay-for-service fee. |
Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins: 2003-2013
Shelby BD , Cartagena D , McClee V , Gangadharan D , Weyant R . Health Secur 2015 13 (4) 256-66 The Federal Select Agent Program, which is composed of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Select Agents and Toxins and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Agricultural Select Agent Services, regulates entities that possess, use, or transfer biological select agents and toxins in the United States and must preapprove all transfers within or into the US. The requirement to preapprove transfers allows the Federal Select Agent Program to monitor and track shipments to receive alerts of theft, loss, or release during shipment, thereby protecting public health and safety. As part of the program, the Division of Select Agents and Toxins regulates biological select agents and toxins that have been identified by the US government as posing a severe threat to public health and safety. The division analyzed 4,402 transfers that occurred between March 2003 and December 2013 to identify frequently transferred biological select agents and toxins and the types of entities involved in transfers. During the study period, 1 package was lost during shipment and it was determined not to pose a threat to public health. The Federal Bureau of Investigation investigated the loss and concluded that the package was most likely damaged by the commercial carrier and discarded. Further, there were no reports of theft or release associated with biological select agents and toxins shipments. This report represents the first in-depth review of biological select agent and toxin transfers that were approved by the Division of Select Agents and Toxins. |
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