Last data update: Sep 23, 2024. (Total: 47723 publications since 2009)
Records 1-13 (of 13 Records) |
Query Trace: Samaan G [original query] |
---|
United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention support for influenza surveillance, 2013-2021.
McCarron M , Kondor R , Zureick K , Griffin C , Fuster C , Hammond A , Lievre M , Vandemaele K , Bresee J , Xu X , Dugan VG , Weatherspoon V , Williams T , Vance A , Fry AM , Samaan M , Fitzner J , Zhang W , Moen A , Wentworth DE , Azziz-Baumgartner E . Bull World Health Organ 2022 100 (6) 366-374 OBJECTIVE: To assess the stability of improvements in global respiratory virus surveillance in countries supported by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after reductions in CDC funding and with the stress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: We assessed whether national influenza surveillance systems of CDC-funded countries: (i) continued to analyse as many specimens between 2013 and 2021; (ii) participated in activities of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System; (iii) tested enough specimens to detect rare events or signals of unusual activity; and (iv) demonstrated stability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used CDC budget records and data from the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. FINDINGS: While CDC reduced per-country influenza funding by about 75% over 10 years, the number of specimens tested annually remained stable (mean 2261). Reporting varied substantially by country and transmission zone. Countries funded by CDC accounted for 71% (range 61-75%) of specimens included in WHO consultations on the composition of influenza virus vaccines. In 2019, only eight of the 17 transmission zones sent enough specimens to WHO collaborating centres before the vaccine composition meeting to reliably identify antigenic variants. CONCLUSION: Great progress has been made in the global understanding of influenza trends and seasonality. To optimize surveillance to identify atypical influenza viruses, and to integrate molecular testing, sequencing and reporting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into existing systems, funding must continue to support these efforts. |
Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2018-2020.
Govorkova EA , Takashita E , Daniels RS , Fujisaki S , Presser LD , Patel MC , Huang W , Lackenby A , Nguyen HT , Pereyaslov D , Rattigan A , Brown SK , Samaan M , Subbarao K , Wong S , Wang D , Webby RJ , Yen HL , Zhang W , Meijer A , Gubareva LV . Antiviral Res 2022 200 105281 Global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) and the polymerase acidic (PA) inhibitor (PAI) baloxavir was conducted by five World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza during two periods (May 2018-May 2019 and May 2019-May 2020). Combined phenotypic and NA sequence-based analysis revealed that the global frequency of viruses displaying reduced or highly reduced inhibition (RI or HRI) or potential to show RI/HRI by NAIs remained low, 0.5% (165/35045) and 0.6% (159/26010) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. The most common amino acid substitution was NA-H275Y (N1 numbering) conferring HRI by oseltamivir and peramivir in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Combined phenotypic and PA sequence-based analysis showed that the global frequency of viruses showing reduced susceptibility to baloxavir or carrying substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility was low, 0.5% (72/15906) and 0.1% (18/15692) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. Most (n = 61) of these viruses had I38→T/F/M/S/L/V PA amino acid substitutions. In Japan, where baloxavir use was highest, the rate was 4.5% (41/919) in the 2018-2019 period and most of the viruses (n = 32) had PA-I38T. Zoonotic viruses isolated from humans (n = 32) in different countries did not contain substitutions in NA associated with NAI RI/HRI phenotypes. One A(H5N6) virus had a dual substitution PA-I38V + PA-E199G, which may reduce susceptibility to baloxavir. Therefore, NAIs and baloxavir remain appropriate choices for the treatment of influenza virus infections, but close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility is warranted. |
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework: strengthening laboratory and surveillance capacities in the Western Pacific Region, 2014-2017
Chugh H , Samaan G , Resnikoff T , Bergeri I , Barragan J , Dueger E . Western Pac Surveill Response J 2020 11 (4) 32-35 The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Member States unanimously adopted the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework in May 2011. (1) The Framework has two aims: (1) to improve the sharing of influenza viruses with pandemic potential; and (2) to increase the access of developing countries to vaccines and other life-saving products during a pandemic. Implementing the PIP Framework enables Member States to meet their obligations under the International Health Regulations, or IHR (2005), (2) and advance implementation of public health emergency preparedness. The PIP Framework contributes to national and regional preparedness, alert and response priorities across all focus areas of the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases for Public Health Emergencies (APSED) framework. (3) |
Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2017-2018.
Takashita E , Daniels RS , Fujisaki S , Gregory , Gubareva LV , Huang W , Hurt AC , Lackenby A , Nguyen HT , Pereyaslov D , Roe M , Samaan M , Subbarao K , Tse H , Wang D , Yen H-L , Zhang W , Meijer A . Antiviral Res 2020 175 104718-104718 The global analysis of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility of influenza viruses has been conducted since the 2012-13 period. In 2018 a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, baloxavir, that targets polymerase acidic subunit (PA) was approved for the treatment of influenza virus infection in Japan and the United States. For this annual report, the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to NAIs and baloxavir were analyzed. A total of 15409 viruses, collected by World Health Organization (WHO) recognized National Influenza Centers and other laboratories between May 2017 and May 2018, were assessed for phenotypic NAI susceptibility by five WHO Collaborating Centers (CCs). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was determined for oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. Reduced inhibition (RI) or highly reduced inhibition (HRI) by one or more NAIs was exhibited by 0.8% of viruses tested (n = 122). The frequency of viruses with RI or HRI has remained low since this global analysis began (2012-13: 0.6%; 2013-14: 1.9%; 2014-15: 0.5%; 2015-16: 0.8%; 2016-17: 0.2%). PA gene sequence data, available from public databases (n = 13523), were screened for amino acid substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir (PA E23G/K/R, PA A36V, PA A37T, PA I38F/M/T/L, PA E119D, PA E199G): 11 (0.08%) viruses possessed such substitutions. Five of them were included in phenotypic baloxavir susceptibility analysis by two WHO CCs and IC(50) values were determined. The PA variant viruses showed 6-17-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir. Overall, in the 2017-18 period the frequency of circulating influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to NAIs or baloxavir was low, but continued monitoring is important. |
Seasonal influenza and avian influenza A(H5N1) virus surveillance among inpatients and outpatients, East Jakarta, Indonesia, 2011-2014
Lafond KE , Praptiningsih CY , Mangiri A , Syarif M , Triada R , Mulyadi E , Septiawati C , Setiawaty V , Samaan G , Storms AD , Uyeki TM , Iuliano AD . Emerg Infect Dis 2019 25 (11) 2031-2039 During October 2011-September 2014, we screened respiratory specimens for seasonal and avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infections among outpatients with influenza-like illness and inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in East Jakarta, an Indonesia district with high incidence of H5N1 virus infection among poultry. In total, 31% (1,875/6,008) of influenza-like illness case-patients and 15% (571/3,811) of SARI case-patients tested positive for influenza virus. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B virus infections were detected in all 3 years, and the epidemic season extended from November through May. Although 28% (2,810/10,135) of case-patients reported exposure to poultry, only 1 SARI case-patient with an H5N1 virus infection was detected. Therefore, targeted screening among case-patients with high-risk poultry exposures (e.g., a recent visit to a live bird market or close proximity to sick or dead poultry) may be a more efficient routine surveillance strategy for H5N1 virus in these types of settings. |
Attenuation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in Indonesia following the reassortment and acquisition of genes from low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus progenitors.
Dharmayanti Nlpi , Thor SW , Zanders N , Hartawan R , Ratnawati A , Jang Y , Rodriguez M , Suarez DL , Samaan G , Pudjiatmoko , Davis CT . Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 7 (1) 147 The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus is endemic in Indonesian poultry and has caused sporadic human infection in Indonesia since 2005. Surveillance of H5N1 viruses in live bird markets (LBMs) during 2012 and 2013 was carried out to provide epidemiologic and virologic information regarding viral circulation and the risk of human exposure. Real-time RT-PCR of avian cloacal swabs and environmental samples revealed influenza A-positive specimens, which were then subjected to virus isolation and genomic sequencing. Genetic analysis of specimens collected at multiple LBMs in Indonesia identified both low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A(H3N8) and HPAI A(H5N1) viruses belonging to clade 2.1.3.2a. Comparison of internal gene segments among the LPAI and HPAI viruses revealed that the latter had acquired the PB2, PB1, and NS genes from LPAI progenitors and other viruses containing a wild type (wt) genomic constellation. Comparison of murine infectivity of the LPAI A(H3N8), wt HPAI A(H5N1) and reassortant HPAI A(H5N1) viruses showed that the acquisition of LPAI internal genes attenuated the reassortant HPAI virus, producing a mouse infectivity/virulence phenotype comparable to that of the LPAI virus. Comparison of molecular markers in each viral gene segment suggested that mutations in PB2 and NS1 may facilitate attenuation. The discovery of an attenuated HPAI A(H5N1) virus in mice that resulted from reassortment may have implications for the capability of these viruses to transmit and cause disease. In addition, surveillance suggests that LBMs in Indonesia may play a role in the generation of reassortant A(H5) viruses and should be monitored. |
Estimated incidence of influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infections in Indonesia, 2013-2016
Susilarini NK , Haryanto E , Praptiningsih CY , Mangiri A , Kipuw N , Tarya I , Rusli R , Sumardi G , Widuri E , Sembiring MM , Noviyanti W , Widaningrum C , Lafond KE , Samaan G , Setiawaty V . Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017 12 (1) 81-87 BACKGROUND: Indonesia's hospital-based Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) surveillance system, Surveilans Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut Berat Indonesia (SIBI), was established in 2013. While respiratory illnesses such as SARI pose a significant problem, there are limited incidence-based data on influenza disease burden in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of influenza-associated SARI in Indonesia during 2013-2016 at three existing SIBI surveillance sites. METHODS: From May 2013 to April 2016, inpatients from sentinel hospitals in three districts of Indonesia (Gunung Kidul, Balikpapan, Deli Serdang) were screened for SARI. Respiratory specimens were collected from eligible inpatients and screened for influenza viruses. Annual incidence rates were calculated using these SIBI-enrolled influenza-positive SARI cases as a numerator, with a denominator catchment population defined through hospital admission survey (HAS) to identify respiratory-coded admissions by age to hospitals in the sentinel site districts. RESULTS: From May 2013 to April 2016, there were 1527 SARI cases enrolled, of whom 1392 (91%) had specimens tested and 199 (14%) were influenza-positive. The overall estimated annual incidence of influenza-associated SARI ranged from 13 to 19 per 100 000 population. Incidence was highest in children aged 0-4 years (82-114 per 100 000 population), followed by children 5-14 years (22-36 per 100 000 population). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates of influenza-associated SARI in these districts indicate a substantial burden of influenza hospitalizations in young children in Indonesia. Further studies are needed to examine the influenza burden in other potential risk groups such as pregnant women and the elderly. |
Physician's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza, and highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections of humans in Indonesia
Amalya M , Iuliano AD , Wahyuningrum Y , Praptiningsih CY , Lafond KE , Storms AD , Samaan G , Ariawan I , Soeharno N , Kreslake J , Storey D , Uyeki TM . Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 11 (1) 93-99 Indonesia has reported highest number of fatal human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus infection worldwide since 2005. There are limited data available on seasonal and pandemic influenza in Indonesia. During 2012, we conducted a survey of clinicians in two districts in western Java, Indonesia to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of clinical diagnosis, testing, and treatment of patients with seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza, or HPAI H5N1 virus infections. Overall, a very low percentage of physician participants reported ever diagnosing hospitalized patients with seasonal, pandemic, or HPAI H5N1 influenza. Use of influenza testing was low in outpatients and hospitalized patients, and use of antiviral treatment was very low for clinically-diagnosed influenza patients. Further research is needed to explore health system barriers for influenza diagnostic testing and availability of antivirals for treatment of influenza in Indonesia. |
Healthcare-seeking behaviors for acute respiratory illness in two communities of Java, Indonesia
Praptiningsih CY , Lafond KE , Wahyuningrum Y , Storms AD , Mangiri A , Iuliano AD , Samaan G , Titaley CR , Yelda F , Kreslake J , Storey D , Uyeki TM . J Epidemiol Glob Health 2016 6 (2) 77-86 Understanding healthcare-seeking patterns for respiratory illness can help improve estimations of disease burden and inform public health interventions to control acute respiratory disease in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to describe healthcare-seeking behaviors for respiratory illnesses in one rural and one urban community in Western Java, and to explore the factors that affect care seeking. From February 8, 2012 to March 1, 2012, a survey was conducted in 2520 households in the East Jakarta and Bogor districts to identify reported recent respiratory illnesses, as well as all hospitalizations from the previous 12-month period. We found that 4% (10% of those older than 5years) of people had respiratory disease resulting in a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 2weeks; these episodes were most commonly treated at government (33%) or private (44%) clinics. Forty-five people (0.4% of those surveyed) had respiratory hospitalizations in the past year, and just over half of these (24/45, 53%) occurred at a public hospital. Public health programs targeting respiratory disease in this region should account for care at private hospitals and clinics, as well as illnesses that are treated at home, in order to capture the true burden of illness in these communities. |
The East Jakarta Project: surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) and seasonal influenza viruses in patients seeking care for respiratory disease, Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011-September 2012
Storms AD , Kusriastuti R , Misriyah S , Praptiningsih CY , Amalya M , Lafond KE , Samaan G , Triada R , Iuliano AD , Ester M , Sidjabat R , Chittenden K , Vogel R , Widdowson MA , Mahoney F , Uyeki TM . Epidemiol Infect 2015 143 (16) 1-11 Indonesia has reported the most human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus worldwide. We implemented enhanced surveillance in four outpatient clinics and six hospitals for HPAI H5N1 and seasonal influenza viruses in East Jakarta district to assess the public health impact of influenza in Indonesia. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI); respiratory specimens were obtained for influenza testing by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. During October 2011-September 2012, 1131/3278 specimens from ILI cases (34.5%) and 276/1787 specimens from SARI cases (15.4%) tested positive for seasonal influenza viruses. The prevalence of influenza virus infections was highest during December-May and the proportion testing positive was 76% for ILI and 36% for SARI during their respective weeks of peak activity. No HPAI H5N1 virus infections were identified, including hundreds of ILI and SARI patients with recent poultry exposures, whereas seasonal influenza was an important contributor to acute respiratory disease in East Jakarta. Overall, 668 (47%) of influenza viruses were influenza B, 384 (27%) were A(H1N1)pdm09, and 359 (25%) were H3. While additional data over multiple years are needed, our findings suggest that seasonal influenza prevention efforts, including influenza vaccination, should target the months preceding the rainy season. |
Application of WHO's guideline for the selection of sentinel sites for hospital-based influenza surveillance in Indonesia
Susilarini NK , Sitorus M , Praptaningsih CY , Sampurno OD , Bratasena A , Mulyadi E , Rusli R , Fandil A , Mangiri A , Apsari H , Hariyanto E , Samaan G . BMC Health Serv Res 2014 14 424 BACKGROUND: A sentinel hospital-based severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance system was established in Indonesia in 2013. Deciding on the number, geographic location and hospitals to be selected as sentinel sites was a challenge. Based on the recently published WHO guideline for influenza surveillance (2012), this study presents the process for hospital sentinel site selection. METHODS: From the 2,165 hospitals in Indonesia, the first step was to shortlist to hospitals that had previously participated in respiratory disease surveillance systems and had acceptable surveillance performance history. The second step involved categorizing the shortlist according to five regions in Indonesia to maximize geographic representativeness. A checklist was developed based on the WHO recommended attributes for sentinel site selection including stability, feasibility, representativeness and the availability of data to enable disease burden estimation. Eight hospitals, a maximum of two per geographic region, were visited for checklist administration. Checklist findings from the eight hospitals were analyzed and sentinel sites selected in the third step. RESULTS: Six hospitals could be selected based on resources available to ensure system stability over a three-year period. For feasibility, all eight hospitals visited had mechanisms for specimen shipment and the capacity to report surveillance data, but two had limited motivation for system participation. For representativeness, the eight hospitals were geographically dispersed around Indonesia, and all could capture cases in all age and socio-economic groups. All eight hospitals had prerequisite population data to enable disease burden estimation. The two hospitals with low motivation were excluded and the remaining six were selected as sentinel sites. CONCLUSIONS: The multi-step process enabled sentinel site selection based on the WHO recommended attributes that emphasize right-sizing the surveillance system to ensure its stability and maximizing its geographic representativeness. This experience may guide other countries interested in adopting WHO's influenza surveillance standards for sentinel site selection. |
Influenza seasonality and vaccination timing in tropical and subtropical areas of southern and south-eastern Asia
Saha S , Chadha M , Al Mamun A , Rahman M , Sturm-Ramirez K , Chittaganpitch M , Pattamadilok S , Olsen SJ , Dwi Sampurno O , Setiawaty V , Nur Andriana Pangesti K , Samaan G , Archkhawongs S , Vongphrachanh P , Phonekeo D , Corwin A , Sok T , Buchy P , Chea N , Kitsutani P , Le Quynh M , Vu Dinh T , Lin R , Low C , Chong Chee K , Ismail N , Apandi Yusof M , Tandoc Iii A , Roque Jr V , Mishra A , Moen AC , Widdowson M-C , Partridge J , Lal RB . Bull World Health Organ 2014 92 (5) 318-330 OBJECTIVE: To characterize influenza seasonality and identify the best time of the year for vaccination against influenza in tropical and subtropical countries of southern and south-eastern Asia that lie north of the equator. METHODS: Weekly influenza surveillance data for 2006 to 2011 were obtained from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. Weekly rates of influenza activity were based on the percentage of all nasopharyngeal samples collected during the year that tested positive for influenza virus or viral nucleic acid on any given week. Monthly positivity rates were then calculated to define annual peaks of influenza activity in each country and across countries. FINDINGS: Influenza activity peaked between June/July and October in seven countries, three of which showed a second peak in December to February. Countries closer to the equator had year-round circulation without discrete peaks. Viral types and subtypes varied from year to year but not across countries in a given year. The cumulative proportion of specimens that tested positive from June to November was > 60% in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. Thus, these tropical and subtropical countries exhibited earlier influenza activity peaks than temperate climate countries north of the equator. CONCLUSION: Most southern and south-eastern Asian countries lying north of the equator should consider vaccinating against influenza from April to June; countries near the equator without a distinct peak in influenza activity can base vaccination timing on local factors. |
Genetic characterization of clade 2.3.2.1 avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, Indonesia, 2012.
Dharmayanti NL , Hartawan R , Wibawa H , Balish A , Donis R , Davis CT , Samaan G . Emerg Infect Dis 2014 20 (4) 677-80 After reports of unusually high mortality rates among ducks on farms in Java Island, Indonesia, in September 2012, influenza A(H5N1) viruses were detected and characterized. Sequence analyses revealed all genes clustered with contemporary clade 2.3.2.1 viruses, rather than enzootic clade 2.1.3 viruses, indicating the introduction of an exotic H5N1 clade into Indonesia. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:Sep 23, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure