Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-16 (of 16 Records) |
Query Trace: Newman LM [original query] |
---|
Near-universal resistance to macrolides of treponema pallidum in North America
Lieberman NAP , Reid TB , Cannon CA , Nunley BE , Berzkalns A , Cohen SE , Newman LM , Aldrete S , Xu LH , Thornlund CP , Pettus K , Lundy S , Kron M , Soge OO , Workowski K , Perlowski C , Hook EW 3rd , Dionne JA , Golden MR , Lieberman JA , Lee MK , Morshed M , Naidu P , Cao W , Pillay A , Giacani L , Greninger AL . N Engl J Med 2024 390 (22) 2127-2128 |
Summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Joint Workshop on Genital Herpes: 3-4 November 2022
Connolly KL , Bachmann L , Hiltke T , Kersh EN , Newman LM , Wilson L , Mena L , Deal C . Open Forum Infect Dis 2024 11 (5) ofae230 Genital herpes is caused by infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and currently has no cure. The disease is the second-most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, with an estimated 18.6 million prevalent genital infections caused by HSV-2 alone. Genital herpes diagnostics and treatments are not optimal, and no vaccine is currently available. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop entitled "CDC/NIAID Joint Workshop on Genital Herpes." This report summarizes 8 sessions on the epidemiology of genital herpes, neonatal HSV, HSV diagnostics, vaccines, treatments, cures, prevention, and patient advocacy perspective intended to identify opportunities in herpes research and foster the development of strategies to diagnose, treat, cure, and prevent genital herpes. |
COVID-19 SeroHub, an online repository of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in the United States.
Freedman ND , Brown L , Newman LM , Jones JM , Benoit TJ , Averhoff F , Bu X , Bayrak K , Lu A , Coffey B , Jackson L , Chanock SJ , Kerlavage AR . Sci Data 2022 9 (1) 727 Seroprevalence studies provide useful information about the proportion of the population either vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, previously infected with the virus, or both. Numerous studies have been conducted in the United States, but differ substantially by dates of enrollment, target population, geographic location, age distribution, and assays used. This can make it challenging to identify and synthesize available seroprevalence data by geographic region or to compare infection-induced versus combined infection- and vaccination-induced seroprevalence. To facilitate public access and understanding, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the COVID-19 Seroprevalence Studies Hub (COVID-19 SeroHub, https://covid19serohub.nih.gov/ ), a data repository in which seroprevalence studies are systematically identified, extracted using a standard format, and summarized through an interactive interface. Within COVID-19 SeroHub, users can explore and download data from 178 studies as of September 1, 2022. Tools allow users to filter results and visualize trends over time, geography, population, age, and antigen target. Because COVID-19 remains an ongoing pandemic, we will continue to identify and include future studies. |
Estimating the population level impact of a gonococcal vaccine candidate: Predictions from a simple mathematical model
Carey KA , Newman LM , Spicknall IH . Vaccine 2022 40 (50) 7176-7181 BACKGROUND: Neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-protection was suggested in a New Zealand meningitis B vaccine. We modeled the potential impact of similar vaccines on gonorrhea prevalence in heterosexuals in the United States. METHODS: Our mathematical model incorporated infection, behavior, and vaccination dynamics. Approximate Bayesian Computation calibrated our model to US prevalence. Primary analyses assumed New Zealand vaccine characteristics: 30% efficacy and 2-year duration of protection. We estimated impact under two vaccine coverages (20%, 50%). RESULTS: Reduction in gonorrhea prevalence ranged from 4.8 to 39.4%, depending on vaccine coverage. Vaccine impact was correlated with both size of the highly sexually active subpopulation and sexual mixing between high and low activity subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: A meningitis vaccine providing low efficacy cross-protection against gonorrhea acquisition and short duration of protection could result in a large reduction in gonorrhea prevalence in the United States. Potential dual protective effects can be considered when making vaccine recommendations. |
Global burden of maternal and congenital syphilis in 2008 and 2012: a health systems modelling study
Wijesooriya NS , Rochat RW , Kamb ML , Turlapati P , Temmerman M , Broutet N , Newman LM . Lancet Glob Health 2016 4 (8) e525-33 BACKGROUND: In 2007, WHO launched a global initiative for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis (congenital syphilis). An important aspect of the initiative is strengthening surveillance to monitor progress towards elimination. In 2008, using a health systems model with country data inputs, WHO estimated that 1.4 million maternal syphilis infections caused 520 000 adverse pregnancy outcomes. To assess progress, we updated the 2008 estimates and estimated the 2012 global prevalence and cases of maternal and congenital syphilis. METHODS: We used a health systems model approved by the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. WHO and UN databases provided inputs on livebirths, antenatal care coverage, and syphilis testing, seropositivity, and treatment in antenatal care. For 2012 estimates, we used data collected between 2009 and 2012. We updated the 2008 estimates using data collected between 2000 and 2008, compared these with 2012 estimates using data collected between 2009 and 2012, and performed subanalyses to validate results. FINDINGS: In 2012, an estimated 930 000 maternal syphilis infections caused 350 000 adverse pregnancy outcomes including 143 000 early fetal deaths and stillbirths, 62 000 neonatal deaths, 44 000 preterm or low weight births, and 102 000 infected infants worldwide. Nearly 80% of adverse outcomes (274 000) occurred in women who received antenatal care at least once. Comparing the updated 2008 estimates with the 2012 estimates, maternal syphilis decreased by 38% (from 1 488 394 cases in 2008 to 927 936 cases in 2012) and congenital syphilis decreased by 39% (from 576 784 to 350 915). India represented 65% of the decrease. Analysis excluding India still showed an 18% decrease in maternal and congenital cases of syphilis worldwide. INTERPRETATION: Maternal and congenital syphilis decreased worldwide from 2008 to 2012, which suggests progress towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. Nonetheless, maternal syphilis caused substantial adverse pregnancy outcomes, even in women receiving antenatal care. Improved access to quality antenatal care, including syphilis testing and treatment, and robust data are all important for achieving the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis. FUNDING: The UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction in WHO, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
Introduction of rapid syphilis testing in antenatal care: a systematic review of the impact on HIV and syphilis testing uptake and coverage
Swartzendruber A , Steiner RJ , Adler MR , Kamb ML , Newman LM . Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015 130 Suppl 1 S15-21 BACKGROUND: Global guidelines recommend universal syphilis and HIV screening for pregnant women. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) may contribute toward achievement of universal screening. OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of RST on syphilis and HIV screening among pregnant women. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE for English- and non-English language articles published through November, 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies that used a comparative design and reported on syphilis and HIV test uptake among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) following introduction of RST. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted from six eligible articles presenting findings from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. MAIN RESULTS: All studies reported substantial increases in antenatal syphilis testing following introduction of RST; the latter did not appear to adversely impact antenatal HIV screening levels at sites already offering rapid HIV testing and may increase HIV screening among pregnant women in some settings. Qualitative data revealed that women were highly satisfied with RST. Nevertheless, ensuring adequate training for healthcare workers and supplies of commodities were cited as key implementation barriers. CONCLUSIONS: RST may increase antenatal syphilis and HIV screening and contribute to the improvement of antenatal care in LMICs. |
Can the Perinatal Information System in Peru be used to measure the proportion of adverse birth outcomes attributable to maternal syphilis infection?
Bradley H , Tapia V , Kamb ML , Newman LM , Garcia PJ , Serruya SJ , Fort AL , Broutet N , Nelson R , Kirkcaldy RD , Gonzales GF . Rev Panam Salud Publica 2014 36 (2) 73-9 OBJECTIVE: To describe the capacity of Peru's Perinatal Information System (Sistema Informatico Perinatal, SIP) to provide estimates for monitoring the proportion of stillbirths and other adverse birth outcomes attributable to maternal syphilis. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the quality and completeness of SIP data from six Peruvian public hospitals that used the SIP continuously from 2000 - 2010 and had maternal syphilis prevalence of at least 0.5% during that period. In-depth interviews were conducted with Peruvian stakeholders about their experiences using the SIP. RESULTS: Information was found on 123 575 births from 2000 - 2010 and syphilis test results were available for 99 840 births. Among those 99 840 births, there were 1 075 maternal syphilis infections (1.1%) and 619 stillbirths (0.62%). Among women with syphilis infection in pregnancy, 1.7% had a stillbirth, compared to 0.6% of women without syphilis infection. Much of the information needed to estimate the proportion of stillbirths attributable to maternal syphilis was available in the SIP, with the exception of syphilis treatment information, which was not collected. However, SIP data collection is complex and time-consuming for clinicians. Data were unlinked across hospitals and not routinely used or quality-checked. Despite these limitations, the SIP data examined were complete and valid; in 98% of records, information on whether or not the infant was stillborn was the same in both the SIP and clinical charts. Nearly 89% of women had the same syphilis test result in clinical charts and the SIP. CONCLUSIONS: The large number of syphilis infections reported in Peru's SIP and the ability to link maternal characteristics to newborn outcomes make the system potentially useful for monitoring the proportion of stillbirths attributable to congenital syphilis in Peru. To ensure good data quality and sustainability of Peru's SIP, data collection should be simplified and information should be continually quality-checked and used for the benefit of participating facilities. |
Toward global prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): The need for STI vaccines
Gottlieb SL , Low N , Newman LM , Bolan G , Kamb M , Broutet N . Vaccine 2014 32 (14) 1527-35 An estimated 499 million curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs; gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and trichomoniasis) occurred globally in 2008. In addition, well over 500 million people are estimated to have a viral STI such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or human papillomavirus (HPV) at any point in time. STIs result in a large global burden of sexual, reproductive, and maternal-child health consequences, including genital symptoms, pregnancy complications, cancer, infertility, and enhanced HIV transmission, as well as important psychosocial consequences and financial costs. STI control strategies based primarily on behavioral primary prevention and STI case management have had clear successes, but gains have not been universal. Current STI control is hampered or threatened by several behavioral, biological, and implementation challenges, including a large proportion of asymptomatic infections, lack of feasible diagnostic tests globally, antimicrobial resistance, repeat infections, and barriers to intervention access, availability, and scale-up. Vaccines against HPV and hepatitis B virus offer a new paradigm for STI control. Challenges to existing STI prevention efforts provide important reasons for working toward additional STI vaccines. We summarize the global epidemiology of STIs and STI-associated complications, examine challenges to existing STI prevention efforts, and discuss the need for new STI vaccines for future prevention efforts. |
The cost and cost-effectiveness of scaling up screening and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy: a model
Kahn JG , Jiwani A , Gomez GB , Hawkes SJ , Chesson HW , Broutet N , Kamb ML , Newman LM . PLoS One 2014 9 (1) e87510 BACKGROUND: Syphilis in pregnancy imposes a significant global health and economic burden. More than half of cases result in serious adverse events, including infant mortality and infection. The annual global burden from mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis is estimated at 3.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and $309 million in medical costs. Syphilis screening and treatment is simple, effective, and affordable, yet, worldwide, most pregnant women do not receive these services. We assessed cost-effectiveness of scaling-up syphilis screening and treatment in existing antenatal care (ANC) programs in various programmatic, epidemiologic, and economic contexts. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We modeled the cost, health impact, and cost-effectiveness of expanded syphilis screening and treatment in ANC, compared to current services, for 1,000,000 pregnancies per year over four years. We defined eight generic country scenarios by systematically varying three factors: current maternal syphilis testing and treatment coverage, syphilis prevalence in pregnant women, and the cost of healthcare. We calculated program and net costs, DALYs averted, and net costs per DALY averted over four years in each scenario. Program costs are estimated at $4,142,287 - $8,235,796 per million pregnant women (2010 USD). Net costs, adjusted for averted medical care and current services, range from net savings of $12,261,250 to net costs of $1,736,807. The program averts an estimated 5,754 - 93,484 DALYs, yielding net savings in four scenarios, and a cost per DALY averted of $24 - $111 in the four scenarios with net costs. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Eliminating MTCT of syphilis through expanded screening and treatment in ANC is likely to be highly cost-effective by WHO-defined thresholds in a wide range of settings. Countries with high prevalence, low current service coverage, and high healthcare cost would benefit most. Future analyses can be tailored to countries using local epidemiologic and programmatic data. |
Untreated maternal syphilis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gomez GB , Kamb ML , Newman LM , Mark J , Broutet N , Hawkes SJ . Bull World Health Organ 2013 91 (3) 217-26 OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of reported estimates of adverse pregnancy outcomes among untreated women with syphilis and women without syphilis. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Libraries were searched for literature assessing adverse pregnancy outcomes among untreated women with seroreactivity for infection and non-seroreactive women. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were fetal loss or stillbirth, neonatal death, prematurity or low birth weight, clinical evidence of syphilis and infant death. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled estimates of adverse pregnancy outcomes and, where appropriate, heterogeneity was explored in group-specific analyses. FINDINGS: Of the 3258 citations identified, only six, all case-control studies, were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates showed that among untreated pregnant women with syphilis, fetal loss and stillbirth were 21% more frequent, neonatal deaths were 9.3% more frequent and prematurity or low birth weight were 5.8% more frequent than among women without syphilis. Of the infants of mothers with untreated syphilis, 15% had clinical evidence of congenital syphilis. The single study that estimated infant death showed a 10% higher frequency among infants of mothers with syphilis. Substantial heterogeneity was found across studies in the estimates of all adverse outcomes for both women with syphilis (66.5% [95% confidence interval, CI: 58.0-74.1]; = 91.8%; < 0.001) and women without syphilis (14.3% [95% CI: 11.8-17.2]; = 95.9%; < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Untreated maternal syphilis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings can inform policy decisions on resource allocation for the detection of syphilis and its timely treatment in pregnant women. |
A tale of two gonorrhea epidemics: results from the STD surveillance network
Newman LM , Dowell D , Bernstein K , Donnelly J , Martins S , Stenger M , Stover J , Weinstock H . Public Health Rep 2012 127 (3) 282-292 OBJECTIVE: An increasing proportion of gonorrhea in the United States is diagnosed in the private sector, posing a challenge to existing national surveillance systems. We described gonorrhea epidemiology outside sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic settings. METHODS: Through the STD Surveillance Network (SSuN), health departments in the San Francisco, Seattle, Denver, Minneapolis, and Richmond, Virginia, metropolitan areas interviewed systematic samples of men and women reported with gonorrhea by non-STD clinic providers from 2006 through 2008. RESULTS: Of 2,138 interviews, 10.0% were from San Francisco, 26.4% were from Seattle, 25.2% were from Denver, 22.9% were from Minneapolis, and 15.5% were from Richmond. A total of 1,165 women were interviewed; 70.1% (815/1,163) were <=24 years of age, 51.3% (598/1,165) were non-Hispanic black, and 19.0% (213/1,121) reported recent incarceration of self or sex partner. Among 610 men who have sex with only women, 50.9% were <=24 years of age, 65.1% were non-Hispanic black, 14.1% reported incarceration of self or sex partner, and 16.7% reported anonymous sex. Among 363 men who have sex with men (MSM), 20.9% were <=24 years of age, 61.6% were non-Hispanic white, 39.8% reported anonymous sex, 35.7% reported using the Internet to meet sex partners, and 12.1% reported methamphetamine use. CONCLUSIONS: These data identified two concurrent gonorrhea epidemics in minority populations: a young, black, heterosexual epidemic with frequently reported recent incarceration, and an older, mostly white MSM epidemic with more frequently reported anonymous sex, Internet use to meet sex partners, and methamphetamine use. |
Changes in fluoroquinolone use for gonorrhea following publication of revised treatment guidelines
Dowell D , Tian LH , Stover JA , Donnelly JA , Martins S , Erbelding EJ , Pino R , Weinstock H , Newman LM . Am J Public Health 2011 102 (1) 148-55 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the impact of revised national treatment recommendations on fluoroquinolone use for gonorrhea in selected states. METHODS: We evaluated gonorrhea cases reported through the Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network as treated between July 1, 2006 and May 31, 2008, using interrupted time series analysis. Outcomes were fluoroquinolone treatment overall, by area, and by practice setting. RESULTS: Of 16,126 cases with treatment dates in this period, 15,669 noted the medication used. After revised recommendations were released, fluoroquinolone use decreased abruptly overall (21.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=15.9%, 27.2%), in most geographic areas evaluated, and in sexually transmitted disease clinics (28.5%; 95% CI=19.0%, 37.9%). More gradual decreases were seen in primary care (8.6%; 95% CI=2.6%, 14.6%), and in emergency departments, urgent care, and hospitals (2.7%; 95% CI=1.7%, 3.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroquinolone use decreased after the publication of revised national guidelines, particularly in sexually transmitted disease clinics. Additional mechanisms are needed to increase the speed and magnitude of changes in prescribing in primary care, emergency departments, urgent care, and hospitals. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print November 17, 2011: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300283). |
Bacterial vaginosis, alterations in vaginal flora and HIV genital shedding among HIV-1-infected women in Mozambique
Kirkcaldy RD , Mika J , Newman LM , Langa J , Tian LH , Jani I , Ballard R , Nelson L , Folgosa E . South Afr J HIV Med 2011 12 (2) 22-24 OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether abnormal vaginal flora, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), are associated with detection of cervical HIV-1 RNA among HIV-infected women in Mozambique. METHODS: We obtained clinical data and vaginal specimens from HIV-infected women registering for their first visit at one of two HIV care clinics in Mozambique. We compared women with detectable cervical HIV viral load (≥40 copies/ml) with women with undetectable cervical HIV. RESULTS: We enrolled 106 women. Women with abnormal vaginal flora (intermediate Nugent scores, 4-6) were more likely to have detectable cervical HIV RNA then women with normal vaginal flora (adjusted odds ratio 7.2 (95% confidence interval 1.8-29.1), adjusted for CD4 count). Women with BV had a non-significantly higher likelihood of detectable cervical HIV than women with normal flora. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal vaginal flora were significantly associated with cervical HIV expression. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship. |
A road map for the global elimination of congenital syphilis
Kamb ML , Newman LM , Riley PL , Mark J , Hawkes SJ , Malik T , Broutet N . Obstet Gynecol Int 2010 2010 Congenital syphilis is the oldest recognized congenital infection, and continues to account for extensive global perinatal morbidity and mortality today. Serious adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by maternal syphilis infection are prevented with screening early in pregnancy and prompt treatment of women testing positive. Intramuscular penicillin, an inexpensive antibiotic on the essential medicine list of nations all over the world, effectively cures infection and prevents congenital syphilis. In fact, at a cost of $11-15 per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted, maternal syphilis screening and treatment is among the most cost-effective public health interventions in existence. Yet implementation of this basic public health intervention is sporadic in countries with highest congenital syphilis burden. We discuss the global burden of this devastating disease, current progress and ongoing challenges for its elimination in countries with highest prevalence, and next steps in ensuring a world free of preventable perinatal deaths caused by syphilis. |
The OASIS project: novel approaches to using STD surveillance data
Gaffga NH , Samuel MC , Stenger MR , Stover JA , Newman LM . Public Health Rep 2009 124 1-4 This supplemental issue of Public Health Reports presents a selection of innovative strategies designed and implemented between 1998 and 2005 to enhance the ability of public health officials to use surveillance data to monitor and respond to the epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. These strategies reflect the collaborative efforts of the Outcome Assessment through Systems of Integrated Surveillance (OASIS) Project workgroup, a group of public health STD epidemiologists from local and state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many of the challenges encountered in the surveillance of STDs are similar to those encountered in the surveillance and investigation of other diseases, and many of the solutions presented in this supplemental issue are generalizable to the public health practice of epidemiologists working with other diseases. |
Practical considerations for matching STD and HIV surveillance data with data from other sources
Newman LM , Samuel MC , Stenger MR , Gerber TM , Macomber K , Stover JA , Wise W . Public Health Rep 2009 124 7-17 Data to guide programmatic decisions in public health are needed, but frequently epidemiologists are limited to routine case report data for notifiable conditions such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, case report data are frequently incomplete or provide limited information on comorbidity or risk factors. Supplemental data often exist but are not easily accessible, due to a variety of real and perceived obstacles. Data matching, defined as the linkage of records across two or more data sources, can be a useful method to obtain better or additional data, using existing resources. This article reviews the practical considerations for matching STD and HIV surveillance data with other data sources, including examples of how STD and HIV programs have used data matching. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:Sep 16, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure