Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Newberry D [original query] |
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Tuberculosis in the circumpolar region, 2006-2012
Bourgeois AC , Zulz T , Bruce MG , Stenz F , Koch A , Parkinson A , Hennessy T , Cooper M , Newberry C , Randell E , Proulx JF , Hanley BE , Soini H , Arnesen TM , Mariandyshev A , Jonsson J , Soborg B , Wolfe J , Balancev G , De Neergaard RB , Archibald CP . Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018 22 (6) 641-648 Setting: The northern circumpolar jurisdictions Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunavik, Nunavut, Yukon), Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk), Sweden and the United States (Alaska). Objective : To describe and compare demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, including drug resistance and treatment completion, of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the northern circumpolar populations. Design: Descriptive analysis of all active TB cases reported from 2006 to 2012 for incidence rate (IR), age and sex distribution, sputum smear and diagnostic site characteristics, drug resistance and treatment completion rates. Results : The annual IR of TB disease ranged from a low of 4.3 per 100 000 population in Northern Sweden to a high of 199.5/100 000 in Nunavik, QC, Canada. For all jurisdictions, IR was higher for males than for females. Yukon had the highest proportion of new cases compared with retreatment cases (96.6%). Alaska reported the highest percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases (87.4%). Smear-positive pulmonary cases ranged from 25.8% to 65.2%. Multidrug-resistant cases ranged from 0% (Northern Canada) to 46.3% (Arkhangelsk). Treatment outcome data, available up to 2011, demonstrated >80% treatment completion for four of the 10 jurisdictions. Conclusion: TB remains a serious public health issue in the circumpolar regions. Surveillance data contribute toward a better understanding and improved control of TB in the north. |
Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infections Associated with Flour.
Crowe SJ , Bottichio L , Shade LN , Whitney BM , Corral N , Melius B , Arends KD , Donovan D , Stone J , Allen K , Rosner J , Beal J , Whitlock L , Blackstock A , Wetherington J , Newberry LA , Schroeder MN , Wagner D , Trees E , Viazis S , Wise ME , Neil KP . N Engl J Med 2017 377 (21) 2036-2043 Background In 2016, a multijurisdictional team investigated an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroup O121 and O26 infections linked to contaminated flour from a large domestic producer. Methods A case was defined as infection with an outbreak strain in which illness onset was between December 21, 2015, and September 5, 2016. To identify exposures associated with the outbreak, outbreak cases were compared with non-STEC enteric illness cases, matched according to age group, sex, and state of residence. Products suspected to be related to the outbreak were collected for STEC testing, and a common point of contamination was sought. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on isolates from clinical and food samples. Results A total of 56 cases were identified in 24 states. Univariable exact conditional logistic-regression models of 22 matched sets showed that infection was significantly associated with the use of one brand of flour (odds ratio, 21.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.69 to 94.37) and with tasting unbaked homemade dough or batter (odds ratio, 36.02; 95% CI, 4.63 to 280.17). Laboratory testing isolated the outbreak strains from flour samples, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that the isolates from clinical and food samples were closely related to one another genetically. Trace-back investigation identified a common flour-production facility. Conclusions This investigation implicated raw flour as the source of an outbreak of STEC infections. Although it is a low-moisture food, raw flour can be a vehicle for foodborne pathogens. |
Respiratory virus-associated severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and viral clustering in Malawian children in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV, malaria and malnutrition
Peterson I , Bar-Zeev N , Kennedy N , Ho A , Newberry L , San Joaquin MA , Menyere M , Alaerts M , Mapurisa G , Chilombe M , Mambule I , Lalloo DG , Anderson ST , Katangwe T , Cunliffe N , Nagelkerke N , McMorrow M , Widdowson MA , French N , Everett D , Heyderman RS . J Infect Dis 2016 214 (11) 1700-1711 BACKGROUND: We used four years of paediatric severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) sentinel surveillance in Blantyre, Malawi to identify factors associated with clinical severity and co-viral clustering. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2014, 2363 children aged 3 months to 14 years presenting to hospital with SARI were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses. We assessed risk factors for clinical severity and conducted clustering analysis to identify viral clusters in children with co-viral detection. RESULTS: Hospital-attended influenza-positive SARI incidence was 2.0 cases per 10,000 children annually; it was highest children aged under 1 year (6.3 cases per 10,000), and HIV-infected children aged 5 to 9 years (6.0 cases per 10,000). 605 (26.8%) SARI cases had warning signs, which were positively associated with HIV infection (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.9), RSV infection (aRR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.0) and rainy season (aRR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.8). We identified six co-viral clusters; one cluster was associated with SARI with warning signs. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination may benefit young children and HIV infected children in this setting. Viral clustering may be associated with SARI severity; its assessment should be included in routine SARI surveillance. |
An evaluation of community perspectives and contributing factors to missed children during an oral polio vaccination campaign - Katsina state, Nigeria
Michael CA , Ashenafi S , Ogbuanu IU , Ohuabunwo C , Sule A , Corkum M , Mackay S , Storms AD , Achari P , Biya O , Nguku P , Newberry D , Bwaka A , Mahoney F . J Infect Dis 2014 210 Suppl 1 S131-5 BACKGROUND: Unvaccinated children contribute to accumulation of susceptible persons and the continued transmission of wild poliovirus in Nigeria. In September 2012, the Expert Review Committee (ERC) on Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization in Nigeria recommended that social research be conducted to better understand why children are missed during supplementary immunization activities (SIAs), also known as "immunization plus days (IPDs)" in Nigeria. METHODS: Immediately following the SIA in October 2012, polio eradication partners and the government of Nigeria conducted a study to assess why children are missed. We used semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions in 1 rural and 1 urban local government area (LGA) of Katsina State. RESULTS: Participants reported that 61% of the children were not vaccinated because of poor vaccination team performance: either the teams did not visit the homes (25%) or the children were reported absent and not revisited (36%). This lack of access to vaccine was more frequently reported by respondents from scattered/nomadic communities (85%). In 1 out of 4 respondents (25%), refusal was the main reason their child was not vaccinated. The majority of respondents reported they would have consented to their children being vaccinated if the vaccine had been offered. CONCLUSIONS: Poor vaccination team performance is a major contributor to missed children during IPD campaigns. Addressing such operational deficiencies will help close the polio immunity gap and eradicate polio from Nigeria. |
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