Last data update: Jun 03, 2024. (Total: 46935 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Mowery P [original query] |
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Outbreak of postpartum group a Streptococcus infections on a labor and delivery unit
Haden M , Liscynesky C , Colburn N , Smyer J , Malcolm K , Gonsenhauser I , Rood KM , Schneider P , Hardgrow M , Pancholi P , Thomas K , Cygnor A , Aluko O , Koch E , Tucker N , Mowery J , Brandt E , Cibulskas K , Mohr M , Nanduri S , Chochua S , Day SR . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024 1-3 A healthcare-associated group A Streptococcus outbreak involving six patients, four healthcare workers, and one household contact occurred in the labor and delivery unit of an academic medical center. Isolates were highly related by whole genome sequencing. Infection prevention measures, healthcare worker screening, and chemoprophylaxis of those colonized halted further transmission. |
Ongoing Outbreak of Extensively Drug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated With US Pet Store Puppies, 2016-2020.
Francois Watkins LK , Laughlin ME , Joseph LA , Chen JC , Nichols M , Basler C , Breazu R , Bennett C , Koski L , Montgomery MP , Hughes MJ , Robertson S , Lane CG , Singh AJ , Stanek D , Salehi E , Brandt E , McGillivary G , Mowery J , DeMent J , Aubert RD , Geissler AL , de Fijter S , Williams IT , Friedman CR . JAMA Netw Open 2021 4 (9) e2125203 IMPORTANCE: Extensively drug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections cannot be treated with any commonly recommended antibiotics and pose an increasing public health threat. OBJECTIVES: To investigate cases of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni associated with pet store puppies and describe the epidemiologic and laboratory characteristics of these infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In August 2017, health officials identified, via survey, patients with C jejuni infections who reported contact with puppies sold by pet stores. In conjunction with state and federal partners, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated cases of culture-confirmed C jejuni infections in US patients with an epidemiologic or molecular association with pet store puppies between January 1, 2016, and February 29, 2020. Available records from cases occurring before 2016 with genetically related isolates were also obtained. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patients were interviewed about demographic characteristics, health outcomes, and dog exposure during the 7 days before illness onset. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was used to assess isolate relatedness, and genomes were screened for resistance determinants to predict antibiotic resistance. Isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and 3 or more additional antibiotic classes were considered to be extensively drug resistant. Cases before 2016 were identified by screening all sequenced isolates submitted for surveillance using core genome multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS: A total of 168 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [19.5-51.0] years; 105 of 163 female [64%]) with an epidemiologic or molecular association with pet store puppies were studied. A total of 137 cases occurred from January 1, 2016, to February 29, 2020, with 31 additional cases dating back to 2011. Overall, 117 of 121 patients (97%) reported contact with a dog in the week before symptom onset, of whom 69 of 78 (88%) with additional information reported contact with a pet store puppy; 168 isolates (88%) were extensively drug resistant. Traceback investigation did not implicate any particular breeder, transporter, distributer, store, or chain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Strains of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni have been circulating since at least 2011 and are associated with illness among pet store customers, employees, and others who come into contact with pet store puppies. The results of this study suggest that practitioners should ask about puppy exposure when treating patients with Campylobacter infection, especially when they do not improve with routine antibiotics, and that the commercial dog industry should take action to help prevent the spread of extensively drug-resistant C jejuni from pet store puppies to people. |
Utilization of smoking cessation medication benefits among Medicaid fee-for-service enrollees 1999-2008
Kahende J , Malarcher A , England L , Zhang L , Mowery P , Xu X , Sevilimedu V , Rolle I . PLoS One 2017 12 (2) e0170381 OBJECTIVE: To assess state coverage and utilization of Medicaid smoking cessation medication benefits among fee-for-service enrollees who smoked cigarettes. METHODS: We used the linked National Health Interview Survey (survey years 1995, 1997-2005) and the Medicaid Analytic eXtract files (1999-2008) to assess utilization of smoking cessation medication benefits among 5,982 cigarette smokers aged 18-64 years enrolled in Medicaid fee-for-service whose state Medicaid insurance covered at least one cessation medication. We excluded visits during pregnancy, and those covered by managed care or under dual enrollment (Medicaid and Medicare). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine correlates of cessation medication benefit utilization among Medicaid fee-for-service enrollees, including measures of drug coverage (comprehensive cessation medication coverage, number of medications in state benefit, varenicline coverage), individual-level demographics at NHIS interview, age at Medicaid enrollment, and state-level cigarette excise taxes, statewide smoke-free laws, and per-capita tobacco control funding. RESULTS: In 1999, the percent of smokers with ≥1 medication claims was 5.7% in the 30 states that covered at least one Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cessation medication; this increased to 9.9% in 2008 in the 44 states that covered at least one FDA-approved medication (p<0.01). Cessation medication utilization was greater among older individuals (≥ 25 years), females, non-Hispanic whites, and those with higher educational attainment. Comprehensive coverage, the number of smoking cessation medications covered and varenicline coverage were all positively associated with utilization; cigarette excise tax and per-capita tobacco control funding were also positively associated with utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of medication benefits among fee-for-service Medicaid enrollees increased from 1999-2008 and varied by individual and state-level characteristics. Given that the Affordable Care Act bars state Medicaid programs from excluding any FDA-approved cessation medications from coverage as of January 2014, monitoring Medicaid cessation medication claims may be beneficial for informing efforts to increase utilization and maximize smoking cessation. |
Reasons for electronic nicotine delivery system use and smoking abstinence at 6 months: A descriptive study of callers to employer and health plan-sponsored quitlines
Vickerman KA , Schauer GL , Malarcher AM , Zhang L , Mowery P , Nash CM . Tob Control 2016 26 (2) 126-134 OBJECTIVE: Describe cigarette smoking abstinence among employer and health plan-sponsored quitline registrants who were not using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), were using ENDS to quit smoking or were using ENDS for other reasons at the time of quitline registration. METHODS: We examined 6029 quitline callers aged ≥18 years who smoked cigarettes at registration, and completed ≥1 counselling calls, baseline ENDS use questions and a 6-month follow-up survey (response rate: 52.4%). 30-day point prevalence smoking quit rates (PPQRs) were assessed at 6-month follow-up (ENDS-only users were considered quit). Data were weighted for non-response bias. Logistic regression analyses controlled for participant characteristics and programme engagement. RESULTS: At registration, 13.8% of respondents used ENDS (7.9% to quit smoking, 5.9% for other reasons). 30-day PPQRs were: 55.1% for callers using ENDS to quit, 43.1% for callers using ENDS for other reasons, and 50.8% for callers not using ENDS at registration. Callers using ENDS for other reasons were less likely to quit than other groups (adjusted ORs=0.65-0.77); quit rates did not significantly differ between non-ENDS users and those using ENDS to quit. Among callers using ENDS to quit at baseline, 40% used ENDS regularly at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: ENDS users not using ENDS to quit smoking were less successful at quitting at 6-month follow-up compared with callers using ENDS to quit smoking and callers who did not use ENDS at programme registration. Incorporating reasons for ENDS use may be important for future studies examining the role of ENDS in tobacco cessation. |
National trends in frequency and amount of nondaily smoking, and relation to quit attempts, 2000-2012
Schauer GL , Malarcher AM , Mowery P . Nicotine Tob Res 2015 18 (6) 1539-44 INTRODUCTION: To understand changes occurring in nondaily smoking (NDS), we assessed differences in demographics and trends in NDS, by smoking frequency and amount. METHODS: Participants were 13,966 adult nondaily cigarette smokers age 18 years and older responding to the 2000-2012 U.S. National Health Interview Survey, an annual, nationally-representative, cross-sectional, household interview survey. We created a nine-level smoking frequency-amount variable using tertile cut points from the number of days smoked in the past 30 (1-7, 8-14, 15-29 days) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) (1-2, 3-5, 6+). We computed weighted frequencies by low, moderate, high frequency use, by low, moderate, high cpd amount, and by demographics. We estimated temporal trends using weighted least squares regression, and the association between groups and past year quit attempts using logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of NDS among adults remained stable between 2000-2012 (p=0.62). The most prevalent NDS frequency-amount groups were: smoking 15-29 days (in the past 30), 3-5 cpd (20.2%); 1-7 days, 1-2 cpd (19.7%); 15-29 days, 1-2 cpd (14.9%); and 15-29 days, 6+ cpd (12.1%). From 2000-2012, low cpd NDS (1-2 cpd) across moderate (8-14 days) and high (15-29 days) frequency groups increased (p<.01), while moderate frequency-moderate cpd (8-14 days, 3-5 cpd; p<.05) and high frequency-high cpd (15-29 days, 6+ cpd; p<.01) NDS declined. Adjusting for demographics and year, the lowest frequency-amount groups had the lowest odds of past year quit attempts. CONCLUSION: Changes occurred in NDS frequency and amount from 2000-2012, suggesting that more granular classifications may be important for monitoring NDS patterns. |
Quitline use and outcomes among callers with and without mental health conditions: a 7-month follow-up evaluation in three states
Vickerman KA , Schauer GL , Malarcher AM , Zhang L , Mowery P , Nash CM . Biomed Res Int 2015 2015 817298 OBJECTIVES: To examine abstinence outcomes among tobacco users with and without a reported mental health condition (MHC) who enrolled in state tobacco quitline programs. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a 7-month follow-up survey (response rate: 41% [3,132/7,459]) of three state-funded telephone quitline programs in the United States that assessed seven self-reported MHCs at quitline registration. We examined 30-day point prevalence tobacco quit rates for callers with any MHC versus none. Data were weighted to adjust for response bias and oversampling. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 45.8% of respondents reported ≥1 MHC; 57.4% of those reporting a MHC reported ≥2 MHCs. The unadjusted quit rate for callers with any MHC was lower than for callers with no MHC (22.0% versus 31.0%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for demographics, nicotine dependence, and program engagement, callers reporting ≥1 MHC were less likely to be abstinent at follow-up (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51-0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: More intensive or tailored quitline programs may need to be developed among callers with MHCs as their quit rates appear to be lower than callers without MHCs. |
Cessation outcomes among quitline callers in three states during a national tobacco education campaign
Vickerman KA , Zhang L , Malarcher A , Mowery P , Nash C . Prev Chronic Dis 2015 12 E110 INTRODUCTION: Antismoking mass media campaigns, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Tips from Former Smokers (Tips) campaign, increase the number of tobacco users calling tobacco quitlines. Few studies have investigated long-term tobacco use cessation for callers during antismoking media campaigns. Studies have suggested that callers during campaigns may be less committed to quitting and have lower quit rates. This study examines tobacco user cessation outcomes 7 months after quitline enrollment during the 2012 Tips campaign (March 19 through June 10, 2012). METHODS: We analyzed data for 715 tobacco users who enrolled in the Nebraska, North Carolina, or Texas state quitline multiple-call programs during the 2012 Tips campaign and responded to a 7-month postenrollment survey (38.5% survey response rate). We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine whether 7-day and 30-day point prevalence abstinence rates 7 months after enrollment were related to level of exposure to the campaign. RESULTS: In multivariable models, only lower nicotine dependence and higher call completion were associated with higher odds of 7-day and 30-day abstinence 7 months after enrollment. Tips campaign exposure was not associated with abstinence. CONCLUSION: Once enrolled in quitline counseling, quitline callers achieved similar outcomes regardless of Tips campaign exposure levels. While the campaign did not appear to directly affect odds of tobacco abstinence through quitlines, antismoking mass media campaigns such as Tips are valuable in increasing tobacco users' exposure to quitlines and thus increasing their likelihood of making a quit attempt and eventually achieving tobacco abstinence. |
Disparities in smoking-related mortality among American Indians/Alaska Natives
Mowery PD , Dube SR , Thorne SL , Garrett BE , Homa DM , Nez Henderson P . Am J Prev Med 2015 49 (5) 738-744 INTRODUCTION: Smoking-related disparities continue to be a public health problem among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population groups and data documenting the health burden of smoking in this population are sparse. The purpose of this study was to assess mortality attributable to cigarette smoking among AI/AN adults relative to non-Hispanic white adults (whites) by calculating and comparing smoking-attributable fractions and mortality. METHODS: Smoking-attributable fractions and mortality among AI/ANs (n=1.63 million AI/ANs) and whites were calculated for people living in 637 Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in the U.S., from mortality data collected during 2001-2009. Differences in smoking-attributable mortality between AI/ANs and whites for five major causes of smoking-related deaths were examined. All data analyses were carried out in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Overall, from 2001 to 2009, age-adjusted death rates, smoking-attributable fractions, and smoking-attributable mortality for all-cause mortality were higher among AI/ANs than among whites for adult men and women aged ≥35 years. Smoking caused 21% of ischemic heart disease, 15% of other heart disease, and 17% of stroke deaths in AI/AN men, compared with 15%, 10%, and 9%, respectively, for white men. Among AI/AN women, smoking caused 18% of ischemic heart disease deaths, 13% of other heart diseases deaths, and 20% of stroke deaths, compared with 9%, 7%, and 10%, respectively, among white women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need for comprehensive tobacco control and prevention efforts that can effectively reach and impact the AI/AN population to prevent and reduce smoking. |
Intermediate cessation outcomes among quitline callers during a national tobacco education campaign
Zhang L , Vickerman K , Malarcher A , Mowery P . Nicotine Tob Res 2014 16 (11) 1478-86 INTRODUCTION: From March 19 through June 10, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the first federally funded National Tobacco Education Campaign: Tips From Former Smokers (Tips). This study examined the campaign's impact on quitline callers' intermediate cessation outcomes. METHODS: We used quitline data from 23 states to examine changes in enrollment, service utilization, quit attempts and self-reported quitting for 7 days or longer during Tips versus a similar time period in 2011. We used multivariate models to examine the relationship between Tips exposure (measured as gross rating points or GRPs) and cessation outcomes during the campaign in 2012. We also assessed whether the Tips campaign's impact differed by state tobacco control funding. RESULTS: Compared with similar weeks in 2011, the number of quitline callers and callers who received counseling and/or nicotine replacement therapies increased by 88.6% (48,738 in 2011 vs. 91,911 during Tips) and 70.8% (40,546 in 2011 vs. 69,254 during Tips), respectively. Greater numbers of callers reported having made 24-hr quit attempts or quitting for 7 days or longer during the campaign. Higher Tips campaign GRPs were positively associated with quit attempts and quitting for 7 days or longer among persons from states with higher tobacco control funding. In states with lower funding, the highest GRP group (2,000+ GRPs) had lower levels of cessation than the middle GRP group (1,200-1,999 GRPs). CONCLUSIONS: An evidence-based national tobacco education campaign with adequate reach and frequency can lead to substantial increases in quitline use and, to a lesser degree, intermediate cessation outcomes. |
The impact of state preemption of local smoking restrictions on public health protections and changes in social norms
Mowery PD , Babb S , Hobart R , Tworek C , Macneil A . J Environ Public Health 2012 2012 632629 INTRODUCTION: Preemption is a legislative or judicial arrangement in which a higher level of government precludes lower levels of government from exercising authority over a topic. In the area of smoke-free policy, preemption typically takes the form of a state law that prevents communities from adopting local smoking restrictions. BACKGROUND: A broad consensus exists among tobacco control practitioners that preemption adversely impacts tobacco control efforts. This paper examines the effect of state provisions preempting local smoking restrictions in enclosed public places and workplaces. METHODS: Multiple data sources were used to assess the impact of state preemptive laws on the proportion of indoor workers covered by smoke-free workplace policies and public support for smoke-free policies. We controlled for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: State preemptive laws were associated with fewer local ordinances restricting smoking, a reduced level of worker protection from secondhand smoke, and reduced support for smoke-free policies among current smokers. DISCUSSION: State preemptive laws have several effects that could impede progress in secondhand smoke protections and broader tobacco control efforts. CONCLUSION: Practitioners and advocates working on other public health issues should familiarize themselves with the benefits of local policy making and the potential impact of preemption. |
Comparison of serum cotinine concentration within and across smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarette brands among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white U.S. adult smokers, 2001-2006
Caraballo RS , Holiday DB , Stellman SD , Mowery PD , Giovino GA , Muscat JE , Eriksen MP , Bernert JT , Richter PA , Kozlowski LT . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011 20 (7) 1329-40 BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is examining options for regulating menthol content in cigarettes. There are many pharmacologic properties of menthol that may facilitate exposure to tobacco smoke, and it has been suggested that the preference for menthol cigarettes in black smokers accounts for their higher cotinine levels. OBJECTIVE: To assess cigarette per day (cpd)-adjusted cotinine levels in relation to smoking a menthol or nonmenthol cigarette brand among non-Hispanic black and white U.S. adult smokers under natural smoking conditions. METHOD: Serum cotinine concentrations were measured in 1,943 smokers participating in the 2001 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The effect of smoking a menthol brand on cpd-adjusted serum cotinine levels in these two populations was modeled by adjusting for sex, age, number of smokers living in the home, body weight, time since last smoked, and FTC-measured nicotine levels. The 8 or 12 digit Universal Product Code (UPC) on the cigarette label was used to determine the cigarette brand and whether it was menthol. RESULTS: Smoking a menthol cigarette brand versus smoking a nonmenthol cigarette brand was not associated (p≥0.05) with mean serum cotinine concentration in either black or white smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The higher levels of cotinine observed in black smokers compared to white smokers is not explained by their higher preference for menthol cigarette brands. IMPACT: Further studies like ours are needed to improve our ability to understand health consequences of future changes in tobacco product design. |
State-specific prevalence and trends in adult cigarette smoking, United States
Davis S , Malarcher A , Thorne S , Maurice E , Trosclair A , Mowery P . Oncol Times 2009 31 (13) 36-8 Cigarette smoking in the United States results in an estimated 443,000 premature deaths and $193 billion in direct health care expenditures and productivity losses each year.1 During 2007, an estimated 19.8% of adults in the United States were current smokers.2 To update 2006 state-specific estimates of cigarette smoking, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and examined trends in cigarette smoking from 1998 to 2007. | The results of these analyses indicated substantial variation in current cigarette smoking during 2007 (range of 8.7% to 31.1%) among the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. | Trend analyses of 1998–2007 data indicated that smoking prevalence decreased in 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and six states had no substantial changes in prevalence after controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. | However, only Utah and the US Virgin Islands met the Healthy People 2010 target for reducing adult smoking prevalence to 12% (Objective 27-1a).3 The Institute of Medicine (IOM) calls for full implementation of comprehensive, evidence-based tobacco control programs at CDC-recommended funding levels to achieve substantial reductions in tobacco use in all states and areas.4 |
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