Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: McNulty A [original query] |
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Bluetongue Research at a Crossroads: Modern Genomics Tools Can Pave the Way to New Insights.
Kopanke J , Carpenter M , Lee J , Reed K , Rodgers C , Burton M , Lovett K , Westrich JA , McNulty E , McDermott E , Barbera C , Cavany S , Rohr JR , Perkins TA , Mathiason CK , Stenglein M , Mayo C . Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2022 10 303-324 Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne, segmented double-stranded RNA virus that can cause severe disease in both wild and domestic ruminants. BTV evolves via several key mechanisms, including the accumulation of mutations over time and the reassortment of genome segments. Additionally, BTV must maintain fitness in two disparate hosts, the insect vector and the ruminant. The specific features of viral adaptation in each host that permit host-switching are poorly characterized. Limited field studies and experimental work have alluded to the presence of these phenomena at work, but our understanding of the factors that drive or constrain BTV's genetic diversification remains incomplete. Current research leveraging novel approaches and whole genome sequencing applications promises to improve our understanding of BTV's evolution, ultimately contributing to the development of better predictive models and management strategies to reduce future impacts of bluetongue epizootics. |
Notes from the field: Measles outbreaks from imported cases in orthodox Jewish communities - New York and New Jersey, 2018-2019
McDonald R , Ruppert PS , Souto M , Johns DE , McKay K , Bessette N , McNulty LX , Crawford JE , Bryant P , Mosquera MC , Frontin S , Deluna-Evans T , Regenye DE , Zaremski EF , Landis VJ , Sullivan B , Rumpf BE , Doherty J , Sen K , Adler E , DiFedele L , Ostrowski S , Compton C , Rausch-Phung E , Gelman I , Montana B , Blog D , Hutton BJ , Zucker HA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (19) 444-445 On October 1, 2018, the Rockland County (New York) Department of Health (RCDOH) alerted the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) of an unvaccinated teenaged traveler with diagnosed measles. During the next 17 days, RCDOH learned of an additional six unvaccinated travelers with measles. On October 24, 2018, the Ocean County (New Jersey) Health Department alerted the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) of a case of measles in an international traveler, with rash onset October 17. The unvaccinated travelers reported recent travel in Israel, where an outbreak of approximately 3,150 cases of measles is ongoing (1). Investigations during October 1, 2018–April 30, 2019, identified 242 laboratory-confirmed and epidemiologically linked measles cases in New York, excluding New York City, and during October 17, 2018–November 30, 2018, identified 33 in New Jersey (Figure). The cases of measles were primarily in members of orthodox Jewish communities. |
Biomarkers of nutrition for development - folate review
Bailey LB , Stover PJ , McNulty H , Fenech MF , Gregory JF 3rd , Mills JL , Pfeiffer CM , Fazili Z , Zhang M , Ueland PM , Molloy AM , Caudill MA , Shane B , Berry RJ , Bailey RL , Hausman DB , Raghavan R , Raiten DJ . J Nutr 2015 145 (7) 1636S-80S The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. Specifically, the BOND program provides state-of-the-art information and service with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutrients in body tissues at the individual and population level. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review represents the second in the series of reviews and covers all relevant aspects of folate biology and biomarkers. The article is organized to provide the reader with a full appreciation of folate's history as a public health issue, its biology, and an overview of available biomarkers (serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations) and their interpretation across a range of clinical and population-based uses. The article also includes a list of priority research needs for advancing the area of folate biomarkers related to nutritional health status and development. |
Outbreak of Tsukamurella species bloodstream infection among patients at an oncology clinic, West Virginia, 2011-2012
See I , Nguyen DB , Chatterjee S , Shwe T , Scott M , Ibrahim S , Moulton-Meissner H , McNulty S , Noble-Wang J , Price C , Schramm K , Bixler D , Guh AY . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 35 (3) 300-6 OBJECTIVE: To determine the source and identify control measures of an outbreak of Tsukamurella species bloodstream infections at an outpatient oncology facility. DESIGN: Epidemiologic investigation of the outbreak with a case-control study. METHODS: A case was an infection in which Tsukamurella species was isolated from a blood or catheter tip culture during the period January 2011 through June 2012 from a patient of the oncology clinic. Laboratory records of area hospitals and patient charts were reviewed. A case-control study was conducted among clinic patients to identify risk factors for Tsukamurella species bloodstream infection. Clinic staff were interviewed, and infection control practices were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen cases of Tsukamurella (Tsukamurella pulmonis or Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens) bloodstream infection were identified, all in patients with underlying malignancy and indwelling central lines. The median age of case patients was 68 years; 47% were male. The only significant risk factor for infection was receipt of saline flush from the clinic during the period September-October 2011 (P = .03), when the clinic had been preparing saline flush from a common-source bag of saline. Other infection control deficiencies that were identified at the clinic included suboptimal procedures for central line access and preparation of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Although multiple infection control lapses were identified, the outbreak was likely caused by improper preparation of saline flush syringes by the clinic. The outbreak demonstrates that bloodstream infections among oncology patients can result from improper infection control practices and highlights the critical need for increased attention to and oversight of infection control in outpatient oncology settings. |
Host mTORC1 signaling regulates andes virus replication.
McNulty S , Flint M , Nichol ST , Spiropoulou CF . J Virol 2012 87 (2) 912-22 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary edema with a fatality of 35-45%. Disease occurs following infection by pathogenic New World hantaviruses, such as Andes virus (ANDV), which targets lung microvascular endothelial cells. During replication the virus scavenges 5' m(7)G-caps from cellular mRNA to ensure efficient translation of viral proteins by the host-cell cap-dependent translation machinery. In cells, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the activity of host cap-dependent translation by integrating amino acid, energy, and oxygen availability signals. Since there is no approved pharmacological treatment for HPS, we investigated whether inhibitors of the mTOR pathway could reduce hantavirus infection. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with an FDA-approved rapamycin analogue (temsirolimus, CCI-779) blocks ANDV protein expression and virion release, but not entry into primary human microvascular endothelial cells. This effect was specific to viral proteins, as temsirolimus treatment did not block host protein synthesis. We confirmed that temsirolimus targeted host mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and not a viral protein as knockdown of mTORC1 and mTORC1 activators, but not mTOR complex 2 components reduced ANDV replication. Additionally, primary fibroblasts from a patient with tuberous sclerosis exhibited increased mTORC1 activity and increased ANDV protein expression, which was blocked following temsirolimus treatment. Finally, we show that ANDV glycoprotein Gn co-localizes with mTOR and lysosomes in infected cells. Together, these data demonstrate that mTORC1 signaling regulates ANDV replication and suggest that the hantavirus Gn protein may modulate mTOR and lysosomal signaling during infection, thus bypassing the cellular regulation of translation. |
The host phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 regulates dissemination of vaccinia virus
McNulty S , Powell K , Erneux C , Kalman D . J Virol 2011 85 (14) 7402-10 After fusing with the plasma membrane, enveloped poxvirus virions form actin-filled membranous protrusions, called tails, beneath themselves and move toward adjacent uninfected cells. While much is known about the host and viral proteins that mediate formation of actin tails, much less is known about the factors controlling release. We found that the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 localizes to actin tails. Localization requires phosphotyrosine, Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases, and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) but not the Arp2/Arp3 complex or actin. Cells lacking SHIP2 have normal actin tails but release more virus. Moreover, cells infected with viral strains with mutations in the release inhibitor A34 release more virus but recruit less SHIP2 to tails. Thus, the inhibitory effects of A34 on virus release are mediated by SHIP2. Together, these data suggest that SHIP2 and A34 may act as gatekeepers to regulate dissemination of poxviruses when environmental conditions are conducive. |
Development and application of a broadly-sensitive dried blood spots-based genotyping assay for global surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance
Yang C , McNulty A , Diallo K , Zhang J , Titanji B , Kassim S , Wadonda-Kabondo N , Aberle-Grasse J , Kibuka T , Ndumbe PM , Vedapuri S , Zhou Z , Chilima B , Nkengasong JN . J Clin Microbiol 2010 48 (9) 3158-64 As antiretroviral therapy (ART) is scale-up in resource-limited countries, surveillance for HIV drug resistance (DR) is vital to ensure sustained effectiveness of first line ARV. We have developed and applied a broadly-sensitive dried blood spot (DBS)-based genotyping assay for surveillance of HIV-1 DR in international settings. In 2005 and 2006, 171 DBS were collected under field conditions from newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected individuals from Malawi (N=58), Tanzania (N=60), and China (53). In addition, 30 DBS and 40 plasma specimens collected from ART-patients in China and Cameroon, respectively, were also tested. Of the 171 DBS analyzed on the protease and RT regions, 149 (87.1%) were genotyped including 49 (81.7%) from Tanzania, 47 (88.7%) from China, and 53 (91.4%) from Malawi. Among the 70 ART-patient samples analyzed, 100% (30/30) Chinese DBS and 90% (36/40) Cameroonian plasma specimens were genotyped, including 8 samples with viral load <400 copies/ml. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that subtype distributions were as follows: C (34%, 73), B (17.2%, 37), CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG (11.2%, 24 each), A1 (10.2%, 22), unclassifiable (UC) (4.2%, 9). The remaining strains were minor strains comprised of CRF07_BC (2.8%, 6), CRF10_CD (2.3%, 5), URF_A1C and CRF08_BC (1.4%, 3 each), G, URF_BC and D/UC (0.9%, 2 each), and F1, F2 and URF_A1D (0.5%, 1 each). Our results indicate that this broadly-sensitive genotyping assay can be used to genotype DBS collected from areas with diverse HIV-1 group M subtypes and CRFs. Thus, the assay is likely to become a useful screening tool in the global resistance surveillance and monitoring of HIV-1 where multiple subtypes and CRFs are found. |
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