Last data update: Apr 29, 2024. (Total: 46658 publications since 2009)
Records 1-30 (of 39 Records) |
Query Trace: Hughes HR [original query] |
---|
Field-collected ticks from Benton County, Arkansas, and prevalence of associated pathogens
Panella NA , Nicholson WL , Komar N , Burkhalter KL , Hughes HR , Theuret DP , Blocher BH , Sexton C , Connelly R , Rothfeldt L , Kenney JL . J Med Entomol 2024 The recovery of a Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) tick from a dog in Benton County, Arkansas, in 2018 triggered a significant environmental sampling effort in Hobbs State Park Conservation Area. The objective of the investigation was to assess the tick population density and diversity, as well as identify potential tick-borne pathogens that could pose a risk to public health. During a week-long sampling period in August of 2018, a total of 6,154 ticks were collected, with the majority identified as Amblyomma americanum (L), (Acari: Ixodidae) commonly known as the lone star tick. No H. longicornis ticks were found despite the initial detection of this species in the area. This discrepancy highlights the importance of continued monitoring efforts to understand the dynamics of tick populations and their movements. The investigation also focused on pathogen detection, with ticks being pooled by species, age, and sex before being processed with various bioassays. The results revealed the presence of several tick-borne pathogens, including agents associated with ehrlichiosis (n = 12), tularemia (n = 2), and Bourbon virus (BRBV) disease (n = 1), as well as nonpathogenic rickettsial and anaplasmosis organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of public health messaging to raise awareness of the risks associated with exposure to tick-borne pathogens. Prevention measures, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and conducting regular tick checks, should be emphasized to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases. Continued surveillance efforts and research are also essential to improve our understanding of tick-borne disease epidemiology and develop effective control strategies. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Cruliviridae 2023
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Brown K , de la Torre JC , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Turina M , Zhang YZ . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Cruliviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 10.8-11.5 kb that have been found in crustaceans. The crulivirid genome consists of three RNA segments with ORFs that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and in some family members, a zinc-finger (Z) protein of unknown function. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Cruliviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/cruliviridae. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Wupedeviridae 2023
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Brown K , de la Torre JC , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Turina M , Zhang YZ . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Wupedeviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 20.5 kb that have been found in myriapods. The wupedevirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Wupedeviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/wupedeviridae. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Mypoviridae 2023
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Brown K , de la Torre JC , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Turina M , Zhang YZ . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Mypoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 16.0 kb that have been found in myriapods. The mypovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Mypoviridae, which is available at: ictv.global/report/mypoviridae. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Tulasviridae 2023
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Brown K , de la Torre JC , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Zhang YZ , Turina M . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Tulasviridae is a family of ambisense RNA viruses with genomes of about 12.2 kb that have been found in fungi. The tulasvirid genome is nonsegmented and contains three open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and a protein of unknown function (X). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Tulasviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/tulasviridae. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Leishbuviridae 2023
Adkins S , Brown K , de la Torre JC , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Turina M , Zhang YZ , Kuhn JH . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Leishbuviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 8.0 kb that have been found in protists. The leishbuvirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Leishbuviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/leishbuviridae. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Discoviridae 2023
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Brown K , Carlos de la Torre J , Digiaro M , Hughes HR , Junglen S , Lambert AJ , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Palacios G , Sasaya T , Zhang YZ , Turina M . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (12) Discoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 6.2-9.7 kb that have been associated with fungi and stramenopiles. The discovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a nonstructural protein (Ns), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Discoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/discoviridae. |
Cache Valley virus: an emerging arbovirus of public and veterinary health importance
Hughes HR , Kenney JL , Calvert AE . J Med Entomol 2023 60 (6) 1230-1241 Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus (Bunyavirales: Peribunyaviridae) that has been identified as a teratogen in ruminants causing fetal death and severe malformations during epizootics in the U.S. CVV has recently emerged as a viral pathogen causing severe disease in humans. Despite its emergence as a public health and agricultural concern, CVV has yet to be significantly studied by the scientific community. Limited information exists on CVV's geographic distribution, ecological cycle, seroprevalence in humans and animals, and spectrum of disease, including its potential as a human teratogen. Here, we present what is known of CVV's virology, ecology, and clinical disease in ruminants and humans. We discuss the current diagnostic techniques available and highlight gaps in our current knowledge and considerations for future research. |
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to California serogroup orthobunyaviruses and development as a chimeric immunoglobulin M-positive control in human diagnostics
Powers JA , Boroughs KL , Mikula S , Goodman CH , Davis EH , Thrasher EM , Hughes HR , Biggerstaff BJ , Calvert AE . Microbiol Spectr 2023 11 (5) e0196623 California serogroup viruses (CSGVs) of medical importance in the United States include La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), California encephalitis virus, and snowshoe hare virus. Current diagnosis of CSGVs relies heavily on serologic techniques for detecting immunoglobulin M (IgM), an indication of a recent CSGV infection. However, human-positive control sera reactive to viruses in the serogroup are scarce because detection of recent infections is rare. Here, we describe the development of new murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive to CSGVs and the engineering of a human-murine chimeric antibody by combining the variable regions of the broadly CSGV cross-reactive murine MAb, 3-3B6/2-3B2 and the constant region of the human IgM. MAb 3-3B6/2-3B2 recognizes a tertiary epitope on the Gn/Gc heterodimer, and epitopes important in JCV neutralization were mapped to the Gc glycoprotein. This engineered human IgM constitutively expressed in a HEK-293 stable cell line can replace human-positive control sera in diagnostic serological techniques such as IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Compared to the parent murine MAbs, the human-chimeric IgM antibody had identical serological activity to CSGVs in ELISA and demonstrated equivalent reactivity compared to human immune sera in the MAC-ELISA.IMPORTANCEOrthobunyaviruses in the California serogroup cause severe neurological disease in children and adults. While these viruses are known to circulate widely in North America, their occurrence is rare. Serological testing for CSGVs is hindered by the limited availability and volumes of human-positive specimens needed as controls in serologic assays. Here, we described the development of a murine monoclonal antibody cross-reactive to CSGVs engineered to contain the variable regions of the murine antibody on the backbone of human IgM. The chimeric IgM produced from the stably expressing HEK293 cell line was evaluated for use as a surrogate human-positive control in a serologic diagnostic test. |
Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)
Kuhn JH , Abe J , Adkins S , Alkhovsky SV , Avšič-Županc T , Ayllón MA , Bahl J , Balkema-Buschmann A , Ballinger MJ , Kumar Baranwal V , Beer M , Bejerman N , Bergeron É , Biedenkopf N , Blair CD , Blasdell KR , Blouin AG , Bradfute SB , Briese T , Brown PA , Buchholz UJ , Buchmeier MJ , Bukreyev A , Burt F , Büttner C , Calisher CH , Cao M , Casas I , Chandran K , Charrel RN , Kumar Chaturvedi K , Chooi KM , Crane A , Dal Bó E , Carlos de la Torre J , de Souza WM , de Swart RL , Debat H , Dheilly NM , Di Paola N , Di Serio F , Dietzgen RG , Digiaro M , Drexler JF , Duprex WP , Dürrwald R , Easton AJ , Elbeaino T , Ergünay K , Feng G , Firth AE , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Freitas-Astúa J , Gago-Zachert S , Laura García M , García-Sastre A , Garrison AR , Gaskin TR , Gong W , Gonzalez JJ , de Bellocq J , Griffiths A , Groschup MH , Günther I , Günther S , Hammond J , Hasegawa Y , Hayashi K , Hepojoki J , Higgins CM , Hongō S , Horie M , Hughes HR , Hume AJ , Hyndman TH , Ikeda K , Jiāng D , Jonson GB , Junglen S , Klempa B , Klingström J , Kondō H , Koonin EV , Krupovic M , Kubota K , Kurath G , Laenen L , Lambert AJ , Lǐ J , Li JM , Liu R , Lukashevich IS , MacDiarmid RM , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Marshall SH , Marzano SL , McCauley JW , Mirazimi A , Mühlberger E , Nabeshima T , Naidu R , Natsuaki T , Navarro B , Navarro JA , Neriya Y , Netesov SV , Neumann G , Nowotny N , Nunes MRT , Ochoa-Corona FM , Okada T , Palacios G , Pallás V , Papa A , Paraskevopoulou S , Parrish CR , Pauvolid-Corrêa A , Pawęska JT , Pérez DR , Pfaff F , Plemper RK , Postler TS , Rabbidge LO , Radoshitzky SR , Ramos-González PL , Rehanek M , Resende RO , Reyes CA , Rodrigues TCS , Romanowski V , Rubbenstroth D , Rubino L , Runstadler JA , Sabanadzovic S , Sadiq S , Salvato MS , Sasaya T , Schwemmle M , Sharpe SR , Shi M , Shimomoto Y , Kavi Sidharthan V , Sironi M , Smither S , Song JW , Spann KM , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Takada A , Takeyama S , Tatara A , Tesh RB , Thornburg NJ , Tian X , Tischler ND , Tomitaka Y , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Tu C , Turina M , Tzanetakis IE , Maria Vaira A , van den Hoogen B , Vanmechelen B , Vasilakis N , Verbeek M , von Bargen S , Wada J , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Waltzek TB , Whitfield AE , Wolf YI , Xia H , Xylogianni E , Yanagisawa H , Yano K , Ye G , Yuan Z , Zerbini FM , Zhang G , Zhang S , Zhang YZ , Zhao L , Økland AL . J Gen Virol 2023 104 (8) In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. |
Transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through blood transfusion and organ transplantation in the USA in 2021: Report of an investigation
Gould CV , Free RJ , Bhatnagar J , Soto RA , Royer TL , Maley WR , Moss S , Berk MA , Craig-Shapiro R , Kodiyanplakkal RPL , Westblade LF , Muthukumar T , Puius YA , Raina A , Hadi A , Gyure KA , Trief D , Pereira M , Kuehnert MJ , Ballen V , Kessler DA , Dailey K , Omura C , Doan T , Miller S , Wilson MR , Lehman JA , Ritter JM , Lee E , Silva-Flannery L , Reagan-Steiner S , Velez JO , Laven JJ , Fitzpatrick KA , Panella A , Davis EH , Hughes HR , Brault AC , St George K , Dean AB , Ackelsberg J , Basavaraju SV , Chiu CY , Staples JE . Lancet Microbe 2023 4 (9) e711-e721 BACKGROUND: In 2021, four patients who had received solid organ transplants in the USA developed encephalitis beginning 2-6 weeks after transplantation from a common organ donor. We describe an investigation into the cause of encephalitis in these patients. METHODS: From Nov 7, 2021, to Feb 24, 2022, we conducted a public health investigation involving 15 agencies and medical centres in the USA. We tested various specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, serum, and tissues) from the organ donor and recipients by serology, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and host gene expression, and conducted a traceback of blood transfusions received by the organ donor. FINDINGS: We identified one read from yellow fever virus in cerebrospinal fluid from the recipient of a kidney using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Recent infection with yellow fever virus was confirmed in all four organ recipients by identification of yellow fever virus RNA consistent with the 17D vaccine strain in brain tissue from one recipient and seroconversion after transplantation in three recipients. Two patients recovered and two patients had no neurological recovery and died. 3 days before organ procurement, the organ donor received a blood transfusion from a donor who had received a yellow fever vaccine 6 days before blood donation. INTERPRETATION: This investigation substantiates the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the broad-based detection of rare or unexpected pathogens. Health-care workers providing vaccinations should inform patients of the need to defer blood donation for at least 2 weeks after receiving a yellow fever vaccine. Despite mitigation strategies and safety interventions, a low risk of transfusion-transmitted infections remains. FUNDING: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and the CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity Cooperative Agreement for Infectious Diseases. |
Increase in Colorado tick fever virus disease cases and effect of COVID-19 pandemic on behaviors and testing practices, Montana, 2020
Soto RA , Baldry E , Vahey GM , Lehman J , Silver M , Panella A , Brault AC , Hughes HR , Fitzpatrick KA , Velez J , Biggerstaff BJ , Wolff B , Randolph J , Ruth LJ , Staples JE , Gould CV . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (3) 561-568 In 2020, Montana, USA, reported a large increase in Colorado tick fever (CTF) cases. To investigate potential causes of the increase, we conducted a case-control study of Montana residents who tested positive or negative for CTF during 2020, assessed healthcare providers' CTF awareness and testing practices, and reviewed CTF testing methods. Case-patients reported more time recreating outdoors on weekends, and all reported finding a tick on themselves before illness. No consistent changes were identified in provider practices. Previously, only CTF serologic testing was used in Montana. In 2020, because of SARS-CoV-2 testing needs, the state laboratory sent specimens for CTF testing to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more sensitive molecular methods are used. This change in testing probably increased the number of CTF cases detected. Molecular testing is optimal for CTF diagnosis during acute illness. Tick bite prevention measures should continue to be advised for persons doing outdoor activities. |
2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Alkhovsky SV , Avi-upanc T , Aylln MA , Bahl J , Balkema-Buschmann A , Ballinger MJ , Bandte M , Beer M , Bejerman N , Bergeron , Biedenkopf N , Bigarr L , Blair CD , Blasdell KR , Bradfute SB , Briese T , Brown PA , Bruggmann R , Buchholz UJ , Buchmeier MJ , Bukreyev A , Burt F , Bttner C , Calisher CH , Candresse T , Carson J , Casas I , Chandran K , Charrel RN , Chiaki Y , Crane A , Crane M , Dacheux L , B ED , delaTorre JC , deLamballerie X , deSouza WM , deSwart RL , Dheilly NM , DiPaola N , DiSerio F , Dietzgen RG , Digiaro M , Drexler JF , Duprex WP , Drrwald R , Easton AJ , Elbeaino T , Ergnay K , Feng G , Feuvrier C , Firth AE , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Freitas-Asta J , Gago-Zachert S , Garca ML , Garca-Sastre A , Garrison AR , Godwin SE , Gonzalez JJ , deBellocq JG , Griffiths A , Groschup MH , Gnther S , Hammond J , Hepojoki J , Hierweger MM , Hong S , Horie M , Horikawa H , Hughes HR , Hume AJ , Hyndman TH , Jing D , Jonson GB , Junglen S , Kadono F , Karlin DG , Klempa B , Klingstrm J , Koch MC , Kond H , Koonin EV , Krsov J , Krupovic M , Kubota K , Kuzmin IV , Laenen L , Lambert AJ , L J , Li JM , Lieffrig F , Lukashevich IS , Luo D , Maes P , Marklewitz M , Marshall SH , Marzano SL , McCauley JW , Mirazimi A , Mohr PG , Moody NJG , Morita Y , Morrison RN , Mhlberger E , Naidu R , Natsuaki T , Navarro JA , Neriya Y , Netesov SV , Neumann G , Nowotny N , Ochoa-Corona FM , Palacios G , Pallandre L , Palls V , Papa A , Paraskevopoulou S , Parrish CR , Pauvolid-Corra A , Pawska JT , Prez DR , Pfaff F , Plemper RK , Postler TS , Pozet F , Radoshitzky SR , Ramos-Gonzlez PL , Rehanek M , Resende RO , Reyes CA , Romanowski V , Rubbenstroth D , Rubino L , Rumbou A , Runstadler JA , Rupp M , Sabanadzovic S , Sasaya T , Schmidt-Posthaus H , Schwemmle M , Seuberlich T , Sharpe SR , Shi M , Sironi M , Smither S , Song JW , Spann KM , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Takada A , Tesh RB , Tkov J , Thornburg NJ , Tischler ND , Tomitaka Y , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Tsunekawa K , Turina M , Tzanetakis IE , Vaira AM , vandenHoogen B , Vanmechelen B , Vasilakis N , Verbeek M , vonBargen S , Wada J , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Whitfield AE , Williams JV , Wolf YI , Yamasaki J , Yanagisawa H , Ye G , Zhang YZ , kland AL . Arch Virol 2022 167 (12) 2857-2906 In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. |
Severe arboviral neuroinvasive disease in patients on rituximab therapy: A review
Kapadia RK , Staples JE , Gill CM , Fischer M , Khan E , Laven JJ , Panella A , Velez JO , Hughes HR , Brault A , Pastula DM , Gould CV . Clin Infect Dis 2022 76 (6) 1142-1148 With increasing use of rituximab and other B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies for multiple indications, infectious complications are being recognized. We summarize clinical findings of patients on rituximab with arboviral diseases identified through literature review or consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We identified 21 patients on recent rituximab therapy who were diagnosed with an arboviral disease caused by West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, Cache Valley, Jamestown Canyon, and Powassan viruses. All reported patients had neuroinvasive disease. The diagnosis of arboviral infection required molecular testing in 20 (95%) patients. Median illness duration was 36 days (range, 12 days-1 year) and 15/19 (79%) patients died from their illness. Patients on rituximab with arboviral disease can have a severe or prolonged course with an absence of serologic response. Patients should be counseled about mosquito and tick bite prevention when receiving rituximab and other B-cell depleting therapies. |
Laboratory evaluation of RealStar Yellow Fever Virus RT-PCR kit 1.0 for potential use in the global yellow fever laboratory network
Basile AJ , Niedrig M , Lambert AJ , Meurant R , Brault AC , Domingo C , Goodman CH , Johnson BW , Mossel EC , Mulders MN , Velez JO , Hughes HR . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 16 (9) e0010770 BACKGROUND: Early detection of human yellow fever (YF) infection in YF-endemic regions is critical to timely outbreak mitigation. African National Laboratories chiefly rely on serological assays that require confirmation at Regional Reference Laboratories, thus delaying results, which themselves are not always definitive often due to antibody cross-reactivity. A positive molecular test result is confirmatory for YF; therefore, a standardized YF molecular assay would facilitate immediate confirmation at National Laboratories. The WHO-coordinated global Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics Laboratory Technical Working Group sought to independently evaluate the quality and performance of commercial YF molecular assays relevant to use in countries with endemic YF, in the absence of stringent premarket assessments. This report details a limited laboratory WHO-coordinated evaluation of the altona Diagnostics RealStar Yellow Fever Virus RT-PCR kit 1.0. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Specific objectives were to assess the assay's ability to detect YF virus strains in human serum from YF-endemic regions, determine the potential for interference and cross-reactions, verify the performance claims as stated by the manufacturer, and assess usability. RNA extracted from normal human serum spiked with YF virus showed the assay to be precise with minimal lot-to-lot variation. The 95% limit of detection calculated was approximately 1,245 RNA copies/ml [95% confidence interval 497 to 1,640 copies/ml]. Positive results were obtained with spatially and temporally diverse YF strains. The assay was specific for YF virus, was not subject to endogenous or exogenous interferents, and was clinically sensitive and specific. A review of operational characteristics revealed that a positivity cutoff was not defined in the instructions for use, but otherwise the assay was user-friendly. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The RealStar Yellow Fever Virus RT-PCR kit 1.0 has performance characteristics consistent with the manufacturer's claims and is suitable for use in YF-endemic regions. Its use is expected to decrease YF outbreak detection times and be instrumental in saving lives. |
Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient with Meningoencephalitis.
Al-Heeti O , Wu EL , Ison MG , Saluja RK , Ramsey G , Matkovic E , Ha K , Hall S , Banach B , Wilson MR , Miller S , Chiu CY , McCabe M , Bari C , Zimler RA , Babiker H , Freeman D , Popovitch J , Annambhotla P , Lehman JA , Fitzpatrick K , Velez JO , Davis EH , Hughes HR , Panella A , Brault A , Erin Staples J , Gould CV , Tanna S . Clin Infect Dis 2022 76 (3) e1320-e1327 BACKGROUND: Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the Fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis six weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions. METHODS: After ruling out more common etiologies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. We reviewed the medical histories of the index kidney recipient, organ donor, and recipients of other organs from the same donor and conducted a blood traceback investigation to evaluate blood transfusion as a possible source of infection in the kidney recipient. We tested patient specimens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), cell culture, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS: CVV was detected in CSF from the index patient by mNGS, and this result was confirmed by RT-PCR, viral culture, and additional whole genome sequencing. The organ donor and other organ recipients had no evidence of infection with CVV by molecular or serologic testing. Neutralizing antibodies against CVV were detected in serum from a donor of red blood cells received by the index patient immediately prior to transplant. CVV neutralizing antibodies were also detected in serum from a patient who received the co-component plasma from the same blood donation. CONCLUSION: Our investigation demonstrates probable CVV transmission through blood transfusion. Clinicians should consider arboviral infections in unexplained meningoencephalitis after blood transfusion or organ transplantation. The use of mNGS testing might facilitate detection of rare, unexpected infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. |
Evaluation of Whatman FTA cards for the preservation of yellow fever virus RNA for use in molecular diagnostics.
Davis EH , Velez JO , Russell BJ , Basile AJ , Brault AC , Hughes HR . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 16 (6) e0010487 Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a flavivirus that frequently causes outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa and South America and is considered a reemerging public health threat. Accurate diagnosis of yellow fever (YF) disease is critical as one confirmed case constitutes an outbreak and may trigger a mass vaccination campaign. Highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics have been developed; however, these assays require maintenance of cold-chain during transport of specimens to prevent the degradation of viral RNA prior to testing. Such cold-chain requirements are difficult to meet in some regions. In this study, we investigated Whatman FTA cards as an alternative stabilization method of YFV RNA for use in molecular diagnosis. Using contrived specimens, linear regression analysis showed that RNA detection from a single 6mm FTA card punch was significantly less sensitive than traditional RNA extraction; however, pooling RNA extracted from two FTA punches significantly lowered the limit of detection to be equal to that of the traditional RNA extraction gold standard. In experiments addressing the ability of FTA card methodology to stabilize YFV RNA at variable temperature, RNA could be detected for more than two weeks following storage at 25°C. Even more promising, YFV RNA was detectable on cards held at 37°C from two days to over two weeks depending on viral input. FTA cards were also shown to stabilize YFV RNA at high humidity if cards were desiccated prior to inoculation. These results support that FTA cards could be cost effective and easy to use in molecular diagnosis of YF, preserving viral RNA to allow for positive diagnoses in situations where maintaining cold-chain is not feasible. |
Laboratory Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of Jamestown Canyon Virus.
Hughes HR , Kenney JL , Russell BJ , Lambert AJ . Pathogens 2022 11 (5) The neuroinvasive disease caused by Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) infection is rare. However, increasing incidence and widespread occurrence of the infection make JCV a growing public health concern. Presently, clinical diagnosis is achieved through serological testing, and mosquito pool surveillance requires virus isolation and identification. A rapid molecular detection test, such as real-time RT-PCR, for diagnosis and surveillance of JCV has not been widely utilized. To enhance testing and surveillance, here, we describe the development and validation of a real-time RT-PCR test for the detection of JCV RNA. Three primer and probe sets were evaluated for analytical sensitivity and specificity. One probe set, JCV132FAM, was found to be the most sensitive test detecting 7.2 genomic equivalents/µL. While less sensitive, a second probe set JCV231cFAM was the most specific test with limited detection of Keystone virus at high RNA loads. Taken together, these data indicate both probe sets can be utilized for a primary sensitive screening assay and a secondary specific confirmatory assay. While both primer and probe sets detected high viral loads of Keystone virus, these assays did not detect any virus in the California encephalitis virus clade, including negative detection of the medically important La Crosse virus (LACV) and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV). The real-time RT-PCR assay described herein could be utilized in diagnosis and surveillance in regions with co-circulation of JCV and LACV or SSHV to inform public health action. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
Monoclonal antibodies to Cache Valley virus for serological diagnosis.
Skinner B , Mikula S , Davis BS , Powers JA , Hughes HR , Calvert AE . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 16 (1) e0010156 Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae. It was first isolated from a Culiseta inorata mosquito in Cache Valley, Utah in 1956 and is known to circulate widely in the Americas. While only a handful of human cases have been reported since its discovery, it is the causative agent of fetal death and severe malformations in livestock. CVV has recently emerged as a potential viral pathogen causing severe disease in humans. Currently, the only serological assay available for diagnostic testing is plaque reduction neutralization test which takes several days to perform and requires biocontainment. To expand diagnostic capacity to detect CVV infections by immunoassays, 12 hybridoma clones secreting anti-CVV murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed. All MAbs developed were found to be non-neutralizing and specific to the nucleoprotein of CVV. Cross-reactivity experiments with related orthobunyaviruses revealed several of the MAbs reacted with Tensaw, Fort Sherman, Tlacotalpan, Maguari, Playas, and Potosi viruses. Our data shows that MAbs CVV14, CVV15, CVV17, and CVV18 have high specific reactivity as a detector in an IgM antibody capture test with human sera. |
Genomic Evaluation of the Genus Coltivirus Indicates Genetic Diversity among Colorado Tick Fever Virus Strains and Demarcation of a New Species.
Hughes HR , Velez JO , Fitzpatrick K , Davis EH , Russell BJ , Lambert AJ , Staples JE , Brault AC . Diseases 2021 9 (4) The type species of the genus Coltivirus, Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), was discovered in 1943 and is the most common tick-borne viral infection in the Western US. Despite its long history, very little is known about the molecular diversity of viruses classified within the species Colorado tick fever coltivirus. Previous studies have suggested genetic variants and potential serotypes of CTFV, but limited genetic sequence information is available for CTFV strains. To address this knowledge gap, we report herein the full-length genomes of five strains of CTFV, including Salmon River virus and California hare coltivirus (CTFV-Ca). The sequence from the full-length genome of Salmon River virus identified a high genetic identity to the CTFV prototype strain with >90% amino acid identity in all the segments except segment four, suggesting Salmon River virus is a strain of the species Colorado tick fever coltivirus. Additionally, analysis suggests that segment four has been associated with reassortment in at least one strain. The CTFV-Ca full-length genomic sequence was highly variable from the prototype CTFV in all the segments. The genome of CTFV-Ca was most similar to the Eyach virus, including similar segments six and seven. These data suggest that CTFV-Ca is not a strain of CTFV but a unique species. Additional sequence information of CTFV strains will improve the molecular surveillance tools and provide additional taxonomic resolution to this understudied virus. |
2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Agwanda BR , Al Kubrusli R , Alkhovsky Aльxoвcкий Cepгeй Bлaдимиpoвич SV , Amarasinghe GK , Avšič-Županc T , Ayllón MA , Bahl J , Balkema-Buschmann A , Ballinger MJ , Basler CF , Bavari S , Beer M , Bejerman N , Bennett AJ , Bente DA , Bergeron É , Bird BH , Blair CD , Blasdell KR , Blystad DR , Bojko J , Borth WB , Bradfute S , Breyta R , Briese T , Brown PA , Brown JK , Buchholz UJ , Buchmeier MJ , Bukreyev A , Burt F , Büttner C , Calisher CH , Cao 曹孟籍 M , Casas I , Chandran K , Charrel RN , Cheng Q , Chiaki 千秋祐也 Y , Chiapello M , Choi IR , Ciuffo M , Clegg JCS , Crozier I , Dal Bó E , de la Torre JC , de Lamballerie X , de Swart RL , Debat H , Dheilly NM , Di Cicco E , Di Paola N , Di Serio F , Dietzgen RG , Digiaro M , Dolnik O , Drebot MA , Drexler JF , Dundon WG , Duprex WP , Dürrwald R , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Ebihara 海老原秀喜 H , Elbeaino T , Ergünay K , Ferguson HW , Fooks AR , Forgia M , Formenty PBH , Fránová J , Freitas-Astúa J , Fu 付晶晶 J , Fürl S , Gago-Zachert S , Gāo 高福 GF , García ML , García-Sastre A , Garrison AR , Gaskin T , Gonzalez JJ , Griffiths A , Goldberg TL , Groschup MH , Günther S , Hall RA , Hammond J , Han 韩彤 T , Hepojoki J , Hewson R , Hong 洪健 J , Hong 洪霓 N , Hongo 本郷誠治 S , Horie 堀江真行 M , Hu JS , Hu T , Hughes HR , Hüttner F , Hyndman TH , Ilyas M , Jalkanen R , Jiāng 姜道宏 D , Jonson GB , Junglen S , Kadono 上遠野冨士夫 F , Kaukinen KH , Kawate M , Klempa B , Klingström J , Kobinger G , Koloniuk I , Kondō 近藤秀樹 H , Koonin EV , Krupovic M , Kubota 久保田健嗣 K , Kurath G , Laenen L , Lambert AJ , Langevin SL , Lee B , Lefkowitz EJ , Leroy EM , Li 李邵蓉 S , Li 李龙辉 L , Lǐ 李建荣 J , Liu 刘华珍 H , Lukashevich IS , Maes P , de Souza WM , Marklewitz M , Marshall SH , Marzano SL , Massart S , McCauley JW , Melzer M , Mielke-Ehret N , Miller KM , Ming TJ , Mirazimi A , Mordecai GJ , Mühlbach HP , Mühlberger E , Naidu R , Natsuaki 夏秋知英 T , Navarro JA , Netesov Heтёcoв Cepгeй Bиктopoвич SV , Neumann G , Nowotny N , Nunes MRT , Olmedo-Velarde A , Palacios G , Pallás V , Pályi B , Papa Άννα Παπά A , Paraskevopoulou Σοφία Παρασκευοπούλου S , Park AC , Parrish CR , Patterson DA , Pauvolid-Corrêa A , Pawęska JT , Payne S , Peracchio C , Pérez DR , Postler TS , Qi 亓立莹 L , Radoshitzky SR , Resende RO , Reyes CA , Rima BK , Luna GR , Romanowski V , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Rubino L , Runstadler JA , Sabanadzovic S , Sall AA , Salvato MS , Sang R , Sasaya 笹谷孝英 T , Schulze AD , Schwemmle M , Shi 施莽 M , Shí 石晓宏 X , Shí 石正丽 Z , Shimomoto 下元祥史 Y , Shirako Y , Siddell SG , Simmonds P , Sironi M , Smagghe G , Smither S , Song 송진원 JW , Spann K , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Stone DM , Sugano J , Suttle CA , Tabata A , Takada 高田礼人 A , Takeuchi 竹内繁治 S , Tchouassi DP , Teffer A , Tesh RB , Thornburg NJ , Tomitaka 冨高保弘 Y , Tomonaga 朝長啓造 K , Tordo N , Torto B , Towner JS , Tsuda 津田新哉 S , Tu 涂长春 C , Turina M , Tzanetakis IE , Uchida J , Usugi 宇杉富雄 T , Vaira AM , Vallino M , van den Hoogen B , Varsani A , Vasilakis Νίκος Βασιλάκης N , Verbeek M , von Bargen S , Wada 和田治郎 J , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Wang 王林发 LF , Wang 王国平 G , Wang 王雁翔 Y , Wang 王亚琴 Y , Waqas M , Wèi 魏太云 T , Wen 温少华 S , Whitfield AE , Williams JV , Wolf YI , Wu 吴建祥 J , Xu 徐雷 L , Yanagisawa 栁澤広宣 H , Yang 杨彩霞 C , Yang 杨作坤 Z , Zerbini FM , Zhai 翟立峰 L , Zhang 张永振 YZ , Zhang 张松 S , Zhang 张靖国 J , Zhang 张哲 Z , Zhou 周雪平 X . Arch Virol 2021 166 (12) 3513-3566 In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. |
Clinically Important Phleboviruses and Their Detection in Human Samples.
Lambert AJ , Hughes HR . Viruses 2021 13 (8) The detection of phleboviruses (family: Phenuiviridae) in human samples is challenged by the overall diversity and genetic complexity of clinically relevant strains, their predominantly nondescript clinical associations, and a related lack of awareness among some clinicians and lab-oratorians. Here, we seek to inform the detection of human phlebovirus infections by providing a brief introduction to clinically relevant phleboviruses, as well as key targets and approaches for their detection. Given the diversity of pathogens within the genus, this report focuses on diagnostic attributes that are generally shared among these agents and should be used as a complement to, rather than a replacement of, more detailed discussions on the detection of phleboviruses at the individual virus level. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
Fatal Human Infection with Evidence of Intrahost Variation of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Alabama, USA, 2019.
Hughes HR , Velez JO , Davis EH , Laven J , Gould CV , Panella AJ , Lambert AJ , Staples JE , Brault AC . Emerg Infect Dis 2021 27 (7) 1886-1892 Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an arbovirus in the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, found in North America and associated with freshwater/hardwood swamps in the Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes regions. EEEV disease in humans is rare but causes substantial illness and death. To investigate the molecular epidemiology and microevolution of EEEV from a fatal case in Alabama, USA, in 2019, we used next-generation sequencing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Phylogenetic inference indicated that the infecting strain may be closely related to isolates from Florida detected during 2010-2014, suggesting potential seeding from Florida. EEEV detected in serum displayed a higher degree of variability with more single-nucleotide variants than that detected in the CSF. These data refine our knowledge of EEEV molecular epidemiologic dynamics in the Gulf Coast region and demonstrate potential quasispecies bottlenecking within the central nervous system of a human host. |
Genomic characterization of 99 viruses from the bunyavirus families Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, including 35 previously unsequenced viruses.
Kapuscinski ML , Bergren NA , Russell BJ , Lee JS , Borland EM , Hartman DA , King DC , Hughes HR , Burkhalter KL , Kading RC , Stenglein MD . PLoS Pathog 2021 17 (3) e1009315 Bunyaviruses (Negarnaviricota: Bunyavirales) are a large and diverse group of viruses that include important human, veterinary, and plant pathogens. The rapid characterization of known and new emerging pathogens depends on the availability of comprehensive reference sequence databases that can be used to match unknowns, infer evolutionary and pathogenic potential, and make response decisions in an evidence-based manner. In this study, we determined the coding-complete genome sequences of 99 bunyaviruses in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Arbovirus Reference Collection, focusing on orthonairoviruses (family Nairoviridae), orthobunyaviruses (Peribunyaviridae), and phleboviruses (Phenuiviridae) that either completely or partially lacked genome sequences. These viruses had been collected over 66 years from 27 countries from vertebrates and arthropods representing 37 genera. Many of the viruses had been characterized serologically and through experimental infection of animals but were isolated in the pre-sequencing era. We took advantage of our unusually large sample size to systematically evaluate genomic characteristics of these viruses, including reassortment, and co-infection. We corroborated our findings using several independent molecular and virologic approaches, including Sanger sequencing of 197 genome segments, and plaque isolation of viruses from putative co-infected virus stocks. This study contributes to the described genetic diversity of bunyaviruses and will enhance the capacity to characterize emerging human pathogenic bunyaviruses. |
Reassortant Cache Valley virus associated with acute febrile, non-neurologic illness, Missouri.
Baker M , Hughes HR , Naqvi SH , Yates K , Velez JO , McGuirk S , Schroder B , Lambert AJ , Kosoy OI , Pue H , Turabelidze G , Staples JE . Clin Infect Dis 2021 73 (9) 1700-1702 An adult male from Missouri sought care for fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. He had leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and was treated for a presumed tickborne illness. His condition deteriorated with respiratory and renal failure, lactic acidosis, and hypotension. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified a reassortant Cache Valley virus. |
Heartland Virus in Lone Star Ticks, Alabama, USA.
Newman BC , Sutton WB , Moncayo AC , Hughes HR , Taheri A , Moore TC , Schweitzer CJ , Wang Y . Emerg Infect Dis 2020 26 (8) 1954-1956 We detected Heartland virus (HRTV) in lone star nymphs collected in 2018 in northern Alabama, USA. Real-time reverse transcription PCR selective for the small segment of the HRTV genome and confirmatory sequencing of positive samples showed high identity with HRTV strains sequenced from Tennessee and Missouri. |
2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.
Kuhn JH , Adkins S , Alioto D , Alkhovsky SV , Amarasinghe GK , Anthony SJ , Avšič-Županc T , Ayllón MA , Bahl J , Balkema-Buschmann A , Ballinger MJ , Bartonička T , Basler C , Bavari S , Beer M , Bente DA , Bergeron É , Bird BH , Blair C , Blasdell KR , Bradfute SB , Breyta R , Briese T , Brown PA , Buchholz UJ , Buchmeier MJ , Bukreyev A , Burt F , Buzkan N , Calisher CH , Cao M , Casas I , Chamberlain J , Chandran K , Charrel RN , Chen B , Chiumenti M , Choi IR , Clegg JCS , Crozier I , da Graça JV , Dal Bó E , Dávila AMR , de la Torre JC , de Lamballerie X , de Swart RL , Di Bello PL , Di Paola N , Di Serio F , Dietzgen RG , Digiaro M , Dolja VV , Dolnik O , Drebot MA , Drexler JF , Dürrwald R , Dufkova L , Dundon WG , Duprex WP , Dye JM , Easton AJ , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Ergünay K , Fernandes J , Fooks AR , Formenty PBH , Forth LF , Fouchier RAM , Freitas-Astúa J , Gago-Zachert S , Gāo GF , García ML , García-Sastre A , Garrison AR , Gbakima A , Goldstein T , Gonzalez JJ , Griffiths A , Groschup MH , Günther S , Guterres A , Hall RA , Hammond J , Hassan M , Hepojoki J , Hepojoki S , Hetzel U , Hewson R , Hoffmann B , Hongo S , Höper D , Horie M , Hughes HR , Hyndman TH , Jambai A , Jardim R , Jiāng D , Jin Q , Jonson GB , Junglen S , Karadağ S , Keller KE , Klempa B , Klingström J , Kobinger G , Kondō H , Koonin EV , Krupovic M , Kurath G , Kuzmin IV , Laenen L , Lamb RA , Lambert AJ , Langevin SL , Lee B , Lemos ERS , Leroy EM , Li D , Lǐ J , Liang M , Liú W , Liú Y , Lukashevich IS , Maes P , Marciel de Souza W , Marklewitz M , Marshall SH , Martelli GP , Martin RR , Marzano SL , Massart S , McCauley JW , Mielke-Ehret N , Minafra A , Minutolo M , Mirazimi A , Mühlbach HP , Mühlberger E , Naidu R , Natsuaki T , Navarro B , Navarro JA , Netesov SV , Neumann G , Nowotny N , Nunes MRT , Nylund A , Økland AL , Oliveira RC , Palacios G , Pallas V , Pályi B , Papa A , Parrish CR , Pauvolid-Corrêa A , Pawęska JT , Payne S , Pérez DR , Pfaff F , Radoshitzky SR , Rahman AU , Ramos-González PL , Resende RO , Reyes CA , Rima BK , Romanowski V , Robles Luna G , Rota P , Rubbenstroth D , Runstadler JA , Ruzek D , Sabanadzovic S , Salát J , Sall AA , Salvato MS , Sarpkaya K , Sasaya T , Schwemmle M , Shabbir MZ , Shí X , Shí Z , Shirako Y , Simmonds P , Širmarová J , Sironi M , Smither S , Smura T , Song JW , Spann KM , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Stone DM , Straková P , Takada A , Tesh RB , Thornburg NJ , Tomonaga K , Tordo N , Towner JS , Turina M , Tzanetakis I , Ulrich RG , Vaira AM , van den Hoogen B , Varsani A , Vasilakis N , Verbeek M , Wahl V , Walker PJ , Wang H , Wang J , Wang X , Wang LF , Wèi T , Wells H , Whitfield AE , Williams JV , Wolf YI , Wú Z , Yang X , Yáng X , Yu X , Yutin N , Zerbini FM , Zhang T , Zhang YZ , Zhou G , Zhou X . Arch Virol 2020 165 (12) 3023-3072 In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. |
ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Peribunyaviridae
Hughes HR , Adkins S , Alkhovskiy S , Beer M , Blair C , Calisher CH , Drebot M , Lambert AJ , de Souza WM , Marklewitz M , Nunes MRT , Shi X . J Gen Virol 2019 101 (1) 1-2 Peribunyaviruses are enveloped and possess three distinct, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments comprising 11.2-12.5 kb in total. The family includes globally distributed viruses in the genera Orthobunyavirus, Herbevirus, Pacuvirus and Shangavirus. Most viruses are maintained in geographically-restricted vertebrate-arthropod transmission cycles that can include transovarial transmission from arthropod dam to offspring. Others are arthropod-specific. Arthropods can be persistently infected. Human infection occurs through blood feeding by an infected vector arthropod. Infections can result in a diversity of human and veterinary clinical outcomes in a strain-specific manner. Segment reassortment is evident between some peribunyaviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the family Peribunyaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/peribunyaviridae. |
Genetic Characterization of Frijoles and Chilibre Species Complex Viruses (Genus Phlebovirus ; Family Phenuiviridae ) and Three Unclassified New World Phleboviruses.
Hughes HR , Russell BJ , Lambert AJ . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 102 (2) 359-365 The genus Phlebovirus is a diverse group of globally occurring viruses, including tick-, mosquito-, and sand fly-borne pathogens. Phleboviruses have historically been classified by serological methods. However, molecular methods alone have been used to identify emergent novel and related strains in recent years. This makes reconciling the classification of historically and newly characterized viruses challenging. To address this in part, we describe the characterization of the genomes of the Frijoles and Chilibre species complex phleboviruses, and three unclassified phleboviruses isolated in the Americas: Caimito, Itaporanga, and Rio Grande viruses that had previously only been described at the serological level. With the exception of Itaporanga virus, the phleboviruses sequenced in this study are phylogenetically related to the current species Frijoles phlebovirus, Bujaru phlebovirus, or the Chagres antigenic complex. Unexpectedly, molecular and phylogenetic analysis suggests Chilibre and Caimito viruses are taxonomically related to the family Peribunyaviridae. These viruses have a genomic architecture similar to peribunyaviruses and form monophyletic groups within the genus Pacuvirus. Our data highlight the importance of reconciling serological and molecular taxonomic classification. In addition, we suggest the taxonomy of Chilibre and Caimito viruses should be revised. |
Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019.
Abudurexiti A , Adkins S , Alioto D , Alkhovsky SV , Avsic-Zupanc T , Ballinger MJ , Bente DA , Beer M , Bergeron E , Blair CD , Briese T , Buchmeier MJ , Burt FJ , Calisher CH , Chang C , Charrel RN , Choi IR , Clegg JCS , de la Torre JC , de Lamballerie X , Deng F , Di Serio F , Digiaro M , Drebot MA , Duan X , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Ergunay K , Fulhorst CF , Garrison AR , Gao GF , Gonzalez JJ , Groschup MH , Gunther S , Haenni AL , Hall RA , Hepojoki J , Hewson R , Hu Z , Hughes HR , Jonson MG , Junglen S , Klempa B , Klingstrom J , Kou C , Laenen L , Lambert AJ , Langevin SA , Liu D , Lukashevich IS , Luo T , Lu C , Maes P , de Souza WM , Marklewitz M , Martelli GP , Matsuno K , Mielke-Ehret N , Minutolo M , Mirazimi A , Moming A , Muhlbach HP , Naidu R , Navarro B , Nunes MRT , Palacios G , Papa A , Pauvolid-Correa A , Paweska JT , Qiao J , Radoshitzky SR , Resende RO , Romanowski V , Sall AA , Salvato MS , Sasaya T , Shen S , Shi X , Shirako Y , Simmonds P , Sironi M , Song JW , Spengler JR , Stenglein MD , Su Z , Sun S , Tang S , Turina M , Wang B , Wang C , Wang H , Wang J , Wei T , Whitfield AE , Zerbini FM , Zhang J , Zhang L , Zhang Y , Zhang YZ , Zhang Y , Zhou X , Zhu L , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2019 164 (7) 1949-1965 In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:Apr 29, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure