Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Frantz K [original query] |
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Changes in state laws on suicide prevention training for school staff, 2002-2022
Rosenblum K , Dunphy C , Wang J , Frantz K , Hulkower R , Wong S . Public Health Rep 2024 333549241249922 OBJECTIVES: Youth suicide is an urgent public health problem. Gatekeeper training aims to prevent suicide by training people to identify warning signs and make referrals to appropriate services. Many states in the United States have enacted gatekeeper training laws (GTLs) to train school staff in suicide prevention. The objectives of this study were to describe the development of a dataset on GTLs and use the dataset to summarize trends in uptake of GTLs from 2002 through 2022 as well as differences in characteristics (eg, frequency and duration of training) of GTLs. METHODS: We used publicly available legal databases from all 50 states and the District of Columbia to conduct a policy surveillance assessment of GTLs. We cross-checked data with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention's 2022 Suicide Prevention in Schools (K-12) issue brief and used Westlaw Edge to conduct a sensitivity analysis. We included the following data in the full dataset: type of laws (encouraged, mandatory, or conditional mandatory), date passed, effective date, frequency of training, and length of training. RESULTS: In 2022, 49 states and the District of Columbia had GTLs, 31 of which were mandatory laws. In 2002, only 6 states had such laws, and none were mandatory. CONCLUSION: The growing proliferation of laws on suicide prevention training for school staff warrants evaluation of the laws' effectiveness. Our policy surveillance data may be used to better understand the role of these laws in a school-based approach to youth suicide prevention. |
Factors associated with human IgG antibody response to Anopheles albimanus salivary gland extract: Artibonite Department, Haiti, 2017
Jaramillo-Underwood A , Impoinvil D , Sutcliff A , Hamre KES , Joseph V , Hoogen LVD , Frantz Lemoine J , Ashton RA , Chang MA , Existe A , Boncy J , Drakeley C , Stresman G , Druetz T , Eisele T , Rogier E . J Infect Dis 2022 226 (8) 1461-1469 Serological data can provide estimates of human exposure to both malaria vector and parasite based on antibody responses. A multiplex bead-based assay was developed to simultaneously detect IgG to Anopheles albimanus salivary gland extract (SGE) and 23 Plasmodium falciparum antigens among 4,185 participants enrolled in Artibonite department, Haiti in 2017. Logistic regression adjusted for participant- and site-level covariates and found children under 5 years and 6-15 years old had 3.7- and 5.4-fold increase in odds, respectively, of high anti-SGE IgG compared to participants >15 years. Seropositivity to P. falciparum CSP, Rh2_2030, and SEA-1 antigens was significantly associated with high IgG response against SGE, and participant enrollment at elevations under 200m was associated with higher anti-SGE IgG levels. The ability to approximate population exposure to malaria vectors through SGE serology data is very dependent by age categories, and SGE antigens can be easily integrated into a multiplex serological assay. |
COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents
Maldonado YA , O'Leary ST , Ardura MI , Banerjee R , Bryant KA , Campbell JD , Caserta MT , John CC , Gerber JS , Kourtis AP , Ratner AJ , Romero JR , Shah SS , Zangwill KM , Kimberlin DW , Barnett ED , Lynfield R , Sawyer MH , Bernstein HH , Cohn AC , Farizo KM , Halasa NB , Kafer LM , Kim D , LpezMedina E , Moore D , Panagiotakopoulos L , Sauv L , Silverman NS , Starke JR , Tomashek KM , Frantz JM , CommitteeonInfectious Diseases . Pediatrics 2022 149 (1) Vaccines are safe and effective in protecting individuals and populations against infectious diseases. New vaccines are evaluated by a long-standing, rigorous, and transparent process through the US Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by which safety and efficacy data are reviewed before authorization and recommendation. |
Genetic analysis reveals unique characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in Haiti.
Daniels RF , Chenet S , Rogier E , Lucchi N , Herman C , Pierre B , Lemoine JF , Boncy J , Wirth DF , Chang MA , Udhayakumar V , Volkman SK . Malar J 2020 19 (1) 379 BACKGROUND: With increasing interest in eliminating malaria from the Caribbean region, Haiti is one of the two countries on the island of Hispaniola with continued malaria transmission. While the Haitian population remains at risk for malaria, there are a limited number of cases annually, making conventional epidemiological measures such as case incidence and prevalence of potentially limited value for fine-scale resolution of transmission patterns and trends. In this context, genetic signatures may be useful for the identification and characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite population in order to identify foci of transmission, detect outbreaks, and track parasite movement to potentially inform malaria control and elimination strategies. METHODS: This study evaluated the genetic signals based on analysis of 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 462 monogenomic (single-genome) P. falciparum DNA samples extracted from dried blood spots collected from malaria-positive patients reporting to health facilities in three southwestern Haitian departments (Nippes, Grand'Anse, and Sud) in 2016. RESULTS: Assessment of the parasite genetic relatedness revealed evidence of clonal expansion within Nippes and the exchange of parasite lineages between Nippes, Sud, and Grand'Anse. Furthermore, 437 of the 462 samples shared high levels of genetic similarity-at least 20 of 21 SNPS-with at least one other sample in the dataset. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed patterns of relatedness suggestive of the repeated recombination of a limited number of founding parasite types without significant outcrossing. These genetic signals offer clues to the underlying relatedness of parasite populations and may be useful for the identification of the foci of transmission and tracking of parasite movement in Haiti for malaria elimination. |
Establishing a National Molecular Surveillance Program for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Markers of Resistance to Antimalarial Drugs in Haiti.
Hamre KES , Pierre B , Namuyinga R , Mace K , Rogier EW , Udhayakumar V , Boncy J , Lemoine JF , Chang MA . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 103 (6) 2217-2223 Chloroquine remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Haiti, and until recently, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was the second-line treatment. A few studies have reported the presence of molecular markers for resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) have been limited. Recognizing the history of antimalarial resistance around the globe and the challenges of implementing TESs in low-endemic areas, the Ministry of Health established a surveillance program to detect molecular markers of antimalarial resistance in Haiti. Sentinel sites were purposefully selected in each of Haiti's 10 administrative departments; an 11th site was selected in Grand'Anse, the department with the highest number of reported cases. Factors considered for site selection included the number of malaria cases identified, observed skills of laboratory technicians conducting rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), stock and storage conditions of RDTs, accuracy of data reporting to the national surveillance system, and motivation to participate. Epidemiologic data from 2,437 patients who tested positive for malaria from March 2016 to December 2018 and consented to provide samples for molecular sequencing are presented here. Of these, 936 (38.4%) patients reported self-treatment with any medication since the onset of their illness before diagnosis; overall, 69 (2.8%) patients reported taking an antimalarial. Ten patients (0.4%) reported travel away from their home for at least one night in the month before diagnosis. Establishing a molecular surveillance program for antimalarial drug resistance proved practical and feasible in a resource-limited setting and will provide the evidence needed to make informed treatment policy decisions at the national level. |
Chorioamnionitis and culture-confirmed, early-onset neonatal infections
Wortham JM , Hansen NI , Schrag SJ , Hale E , Van Meurs K , Sanchez PJ , Cantey JB , Faix R , Poindexter B , Goldberg R , Bizzarro M , Frantz I , Das A , Benitz WE , Shane AL , Higgins R , Stoll BJ . Pediatrics 2015 137 (1) BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease recommend diagnostic evaluations and empirical antibiotic therapy for well-appearing, chorioamnionitis-exposed newborns. Some clinicians question these recommendations, citing the decline in early-onset group B streptococcal disease rates since widespread intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis implementation and potential antibiotic risks. We aimed to determine whether chorioamnionitis-exposed newborns with culture-confirmed, early-onset infections can be asymptomatic at birth. METHODS: Multicenter, prospective surveillance for early-onset neonatal infections was conducted during 2006-2009. Early-onset infection was defined as isolation of a pathogen from blood or cerebrospinal fluid collected ≤72 hours after birth. Maternal chorioamnionitis was defined by clinical diagnosis in the medical record or by histologic diagnosis by placental pathology. Hospital records of newborns with early-onset infections born to mothers with chorioamnionitis were reviewed retrospectively to determine symptom onset. RESULTS: Early-onset infections were diagnosed in 389 of 396 586 live births, including 232 (60%) chorioamnionitis-exposed newborns. Records for 229 were reviewed; 29 (13%) had no documented symptoms within 6 hours of birth, including 21 (9%) who remained asymptomatic at 72 hours. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis exposure did not differ significantly between asymptomatic and symptomatic infants (76% vs 69%; P = .52). Assuming complete guideline implementation, we estimated that 60 to 1400 newborns would receive diagnostic evaluations and antibiotics for each infected asymptomatic newborn, depending on chorioamnionitis prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Some infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis may have no signs of sepsis at birth despite having culture-confirmed infections. Implementation of current clinical guidelines may result in early diagnosis, but large numbers of uninfected asymptomatic infants would be treated. |
Lessons from mother: long-term impact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring
Rogier EW , Frantz AL , Bruno ME , Wedlund L , Cohen DA , Stromberg AJ , Kaetzel CS . Gut Microbes 2014 5 (5) 663-8 From birth to adulthood, the gut microbiota matures from a simple community dominated by a few major bacterial groups into a highly diverse ecosystem that provides both benefits and challenges to the host. Currently there is great interest in identifying environmental and host factors that shape the development of our gut microbiota. Breast milk is a rich source of maternal antibodies, which provide the first source of adaptive immunity in the newborn's intestinal tract. In this addendum, we summarize our recent data demonstrating that maternal antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis in suckling mice by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression. We also discuss important unanswered questions, future directions for research in this field, and implications for human health and disease. |
Secretory IgA is concentrated in the outer layer of colonic mucus along with gut bacteria
Rogier EW , Frantz AL , Bruno ME , Kaetzel CS . Pathogens 2014 3 (2) 390-403 Antibodies of the secretory IgA (SIgA) class comprise the first line of antigen-specific immune defense, preventing access of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms and their secreted products into the body proper. In addition to preventing infection, SIgA shapes the composition of the gut microbiome. SIgA is transported across intestinal epithelial cells into gut secretions by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The epithelial surface is protected by a thick network of mucus, which is composed of a dense, sterile inner layer and a loose outer layer that is colonized by commensal bacteria. Immunofluorescence microscopy of mouse and human colon tissues demonstrated that the SIgA co-localizes with gut bacteria in the outer mucus layer. Using mice genetically deficient for pIgR and/or mucin-2 (Muc2, the major glycoprotein of intestinal mucus), we found that Muc2 but not SIgA was necessary for excluding gut bacteria from the inner mucus layer in the colon. Our findings support a model whereby SIgA is anchored in the outer layer of colonic mucus through combined interactions with mucin proteins and gut bacteria, thus providing immune protection against pathogens while maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship with commensals. |
Newspaper coverage of implementation of the Michigan smoke-free law: lessons learned
Kuiper NM , Frantz KE , Cotant M , Babb S , Jordan J , Phelan M . Health Promot Pract 2013 14 (6) 901-8 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether newspaper coverage of the Michigan smoke-free law was favorable or hostile, contained positive messages that had been disseminated by public health groups, contained negative messages, and differed across regions. METHOD: Articles about the smoke-free law in print or online editions of Michigan newspapers the month immediately before and after the law took effect were identified and were coded for tone, positive messages contained in media outreach materials, and negative messages commonly disseminated by smoke-free law opponents. RESULTS: A total of 303 print and online articles were identified; the majority were coded as "both positive and negative" (34%) or "mainly positive" in tone (32%). Of 303 articles, 75% contained at least one pro-law message and 56% contained at least one anti-law message. The most common pro-law messages were information about enforcement of the law (52%) and the benefits of smoke-free air (48%); the most common anti-law messages were about potential negative economic impact (36%), government intrusion/overreach (31%), and difficulties with enforcement (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Public health departments and partners play an important role in implementation of smoke-free laws by providing the public, businesses, and other stakeholders with clear and accurate rationale, provisions, and impacts of these policies. |
Epidemiology and diagnosis of health care-associated infections in the NICU
Polin RA , Denson S , Brady MT , Papile LA , Baley JE , Carlo WA , Cummings JJ , Kumar P , Tan RC , Watterberg KL , Barfield WD , Jefferies AL , Macones GA , Mainous RO , Raju TNK , Wang KS , Couto J , Byington CL , Davies HD , Edwards KM , Glode MP , Jackson MA , Keyserling HL , Maldonado YA , Murray DL , Orenstein WA , Schutze GE , Willoughby RE , Zaoutis TE , Fischer MA , Gellin B , Gorman RL , Lee L , Pratt RD , Read JS , Robinson J , Safadi MAP , Seward J , Starke JR , Simon G , Tan TQ , Baker CJ , Bernstein HH , Kimberlin DW , Long SS , Meissner HC , Pickering LK , Rubin LG , Frantz J . Pediatrics 2012 129 (4) e1104-e1109 Health care-associated infections in the NICU are a major clinical problem resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Neonates are at high risk for health care-associated infections because of impaired host defense mechanisms, limited amounts of protective endogenous flora on skin and mucosal surfaces at time of birth, reduced barrier function of neonatal skin, the use of invasive procedures and devices, and frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This statement will review the epidemiology and diagnosis of health care-associated infections in newborn infants. (Copyright 2012 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.) |
Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B streptococcal and E. coli disease continues
Stoll BJ , Hansen NI , Sanchez PJ , Faix RG , Poindexter BB , Van Meurs KP , Bizzarro MJ , Goldberg RN , Frantz ID 3rd , Hale EC , Shankaran S , Kennedy K , Carlo WA , Watterberg KL , Bell EF , Walsh MC , Schibler K , Laptook AR , Shane AL , Schrag SJ , Das A , Higgins RD . Pediatrics 2011 127 (5) 817-826 BACKGROUND: Guidelines for prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection have successfully reduced early onset (EO) GBS disease. Study results suggest that Escherichia coli is an important EO pathogen. OBJECTIVE: To determine EO infection rates, pathogens, morbidity, and mortality in a national network of neonatal centers. METHODS: Infants with EO infection were identified by prospective surveillance at Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network centers. Infection was defined by positive culture results for blood and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from infants aged ≤72 hours plus treatment with antibiotic therapy for ≥5 days. Mother and infant characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were studied. Numbers of cases and total live births (LBs) were used to calculate incidence. RESULTS: Among 396 586 LBs (2006-2009), 389 infants developed EO infection (0.98 cases per 1000 LBs). Infection rates increased with decreasing birth weight. GBS (43%, 0.41 per 1000 LBs) and E coli (29%, 0.28 per 1000 LBs) were most frequently isolated. Most infants with GBS were term (73%); 81% with E coli were preterm. Mothers of 67% of infected term and 58% of infected preterm infants were screened for GBS, and results were positive for 25% of those mothers. Only 76% of mothers with GBS colonization received intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Although 77% of infected infants required intensive care, 20% of term infants were treated in the normal newborn nursery. Sixteen percent of infected infants died, most commonly with E coli infection (33%). CONCLUSION: In the era of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis to reduce GBS, rates of EO infection have declined but reflect a continued burden of disease. GBS remains the most frequent pathogen in term infants, and E coli the most significant pathogen in preterm infants. Missed opportunities for GBS prevention continue. Prevention of E coli sepsis, especially among preterm infants, remains a challenge. |
Policy statement--Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedules--United States, 2010
Bocchini JA Jr , Bradley JS , Brady MT , Bernstein HH , Byington CL , Fisher MC , Glode MP , Jackson MA , Keyserling HL , Kimberlin DW , Orenstein WA , Schutze GE , Willoughby RE Jr , Bell BP , Bortolussi R , Clover RD , Fischer MA , Gorman RL , Lee L , Pratt RD , Read JS , Gellin BG , Starke JR , Swanson J , Meissner HC , Rubin LG , Pickering LK , Baker CJ , Long SS , Frantz J , Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 2010 125 (1) 195-6 The 2010 recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedules have been approved by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. There are 3 schedules: one for children 0 through 6 years of age, one for people 7 through 18 years of age, and a catch-up immunization schedule for children and adolescents who start late or fall behind. These schedules reflect current recommendations for the use of vaccines licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration and include the following changes from last year: | Reference to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine1 is included in a footnote. | Revaccination with meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) is recommended for children who remain at increased risk for meningococcal disease. A dose of MCV4 should be administered after 3 years in children who received the initial MCV4 dose at ages 2 through 6 years and after 5 years if the first dose was given at age 7 years or older. Additional doses of MCV4 are then given every 5 years.2 | Recommendations on use of combination vaccines have been updated (the use of a combination vaccine generally is preferred over separate injections of its equivalent component vaccines). The final dose in the inactivated poliovirus vaccine series should be administered on or after the 4th birthday and at least 6 months following the previous dose. If 4 doses are administered before age 4 years, an additional (fifth) dose should be administered at age 4 through 6 years.3 | Recommendations for use of the recently licensed bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in females and the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males are included. | Most of the footnotes for the individual vaccines have been revised to provide additional information and to clarify recommendations provided in the schedules. |
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