Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Fortune D [original query] |
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Do employees work schedules put them at-risk The role of shift scheduling and holidays in predicting near miss and incident likelihood
Laske MM , Hinson PE , Acikgoz Y , Ludwig TD , Foreman AM , Bergman SM . J Safety Res 2022 83 1-7 Introduction: Using crew scheduling and injury incident data from a Fortune 500 manufacturing company, this study analyzed the effect of consecutive shifts and shifts near holidays on near misses and incidents. Methods: Logistic regressions were conducted with consecutive workdays, days near holidays, and time of shift as predictors of incident and near miss outcomes. Results: The logistic regression analysis indicated that working consecutive day shifts increases the probability of an incident occurring, with the fourth consecutive shift resulting in the most risk. The consecutive shift pattern did not replicate to employees working the night shift. However, the first and second shifts when transferring to a night schedule appear to have a greater chance of incident. Shifts near holidays did not have a significantly higher risk than other shifts. Practical application: The current research suggests that organizations can use similar analytic techniques to determine if shift scheduling might be related to increased risk and allocate resources to mitigate hazards during those peak probability shifts. 2022 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd |
Intensity and mechanisms of deltamethrin and permethrin resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in southern Benin.
Sagbohan HW , Kpanou CD , Osse R , Dagnon F , Padonou GG , Sominahouin AA , Salako AS , Sidick A , Sewade W , Akinro B , Ahmed S , Impoinvil D , Agbangla C , Akogbeto M . Parasit Vectors 2021 14 (1) 202 ![]() BACKGROUND: Insecticide resistance is threatening the effectiveness of efforts to control malaria vectors in Benin. This study explores the levels and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. to pyrethroids. METHODS: Larvae were collected from August 2017 to July 2018 in five communes in southern Benin (Adjohoun, Allada, Bohicon, Cotonou, and Porto-Novo) representing diverse ecological regions, and were reared in Benin's insectary. Two- to five-day-old female mosquitoes from each district were exposed to multiple doses of deltamethrin and permethrin (1×, 2×, 5×, and 10×) using the WHO insecticide resistance intensity bioassay. The effect of pre-exposure to the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), was also tested at different pyrethroid doses. Molecular allele frequencies of kdr (1014F) and ace-1R (119S) insecticide resistance mutations and levels of detoxification enzymes were determined for mosquitoes sampled from each study area. RESULTS: An. gambiae s.l. were resistant to pyrethroid-only exposure up to 10× the diagnostic doses in all the study sites for both deltamethrin and permethrin. Mortality was significantly higher in An. gambiae s.l. pre-exposed to PBO followed by exposure to deltamethrin or permethrin compared to mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin or permethrin only (p < 0.001). The difference in mortality between deltamethrin only and PBO plus deltamethrin was the smallest in Cotonou (16-64%) and the greatest in Bohicon (12-93%). The mortality difference between permethrin only and PBO plus permethrin was the smallest in Cotonou (44-75%) and the greatest in Bohicon (22-72%). In all the study sites, the kdr resistance allele (1014F) frequency was high (75-100%), while the ace-1 resistance allele (G119S) frequency was low (0-3%). Analysis of the metabolic enzymatic activity of An. gambiae s.l. showed overexpression of nonspecific esterases and glutathione S-transferases (GST) in all study sites. In contrast to the PBO results, oxidase expression was low and was similar to the susceptible An. gambiae s.s. Kisumu strain in all sites. CONCLUSION: There is high-intensity resistance to pyrethroids in southern Benin. However, pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased susceptibility to the pyrethroids in the different An. gambiae s.l. populations sampled. The use of PBO insecticide-treated bed nets may help maintain the gains in An. gambiae (s.l.) control in southern Benin. |
Low prevalence of highly sulfadoxine-resistant dihydropteroate synthase alleles in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Benin.
Svigel SS , Adeothy A , Kpemasse A , Houngbo E , Sianou A , Saliou R , Patton ME , Dagnon F , Halsey ES , Tchevoede A , Udhayakumar V , Lucchi NW . Malar J 2021 20 (1) 72 ![]() ![]() BACKGROUND: In 2004, in response to high levels of treatment failure associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance, Benin changed its first-line malaria treatment from SP to artemisinin-based combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Resistance to SP is conferred by accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P. falciparum genes involved in folate metabolism, dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps), targeted by pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. Because SP is still used for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMCP) in Benin, the prevalence of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps SNPs in P. falciparum isolates collected in 2017 were investigated. METHODS: This study was carried out in two sites where the transmission of P. falciparum malaria is hyper-endemic: Klouékanmey and Djougou. Blood samples were collected from 178 febrile children 6-59 months old with confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and were genotyped for SNPs associated with SP resistance. RESULTS: The Pfdhfr triple mutant IRN (N51I, C59R, and S108N) was the most prevalent (84.6%) haplotype and was commonly found with the Pfdhps single mutant A437G (50.5%) or with the Pfdhps double mutant S436A and A437G (33.7%). The quintuple mutant, Pfdhfr IRN/Pfdhps GE (A437G and K540E), was rarely observed (0.8%). The A581G and A613S mutant alleles were found in 2.6 and 3.9% of isolates, respectively. Six isolates (3.9%) were shown to harbour a mutation at codon I431V, recently identified in West African parasites. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that Pfdhfr triple IRN mutants are near fixation in this population and that the highly sulfadoxine-resistant Pfdhps alleles are not widespread in Benin. These data support the continued use of SP for chemoprevention in these study sites, which should be complemented by periodic nationwide molecular surveillance to detect emergence of resistant genotypes. |
Notes from the Field: Effects of the COVID-19 Response on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Efforts - United States, March-April 2020.
Cronin AM , Railey S , Fortune D , Wegener DH , Davis JB . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (29) 971-972 CDC’s Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE) funds 61 state, local, and territorial tuberculosis programs in the United States through the TB Elimination and Laboratory cooperative agreement. Recipients report data to CDC on indicators that measure progress toward TB elimination and performance of essential TB program activities. After the first U.S. case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported on January 20, 2020 (1), CDC project officers were informed by these grantees that program personnel (including those positions funded through the CDC cooperative agreement and state or local budgets) would be deployed for their jurisdictions’ COVID-19 response. |
Virulence profile: Rodney Donlan
Donlan R . Virulence 2016 8 (1) 1-3 Following graduation from Virginia Tech with a B.S. in biology, it was my great fortune to be chosen to participate in a multinational, NSF-funded research project in Antarctica as an environmental monitor for the Dry Valley Drilling Project during the 1973–74 austral summer. My team leader was Frank Morelli, a seasoned microbiologist from the Cal Tech Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Darwin Research Institute who had spent several field seasons in the Antarctic. I had limited training and experience in microbiology (a single four credit course in general microbiology and a summer work/study job in the clinical microbiology lab of the City of Norfolk, Virginia Department of Public Health). Under Frank's guidance and patient instruction, I quickly came up to speed and was given opportunities to travel from McMurdo Station to remote drilling sites in the Dry Valleys for several weeks at a time, collecting air, soil, and water samples to assess the environmental impact of drilling operations on these environmentally sensitive areas. During whatever free time I had I'd spend in the small McMurdo Biology Lab library, reading the scientific literature, trying to broaden my understanding of the geology and biology of the Antarctic Dry Valleys. My level of interest didn't go unnoticed and Frank suggested I take the next step in my career and consider graduate school in microbiology. I returned to Virginia Tech and spent the next three years (with another three-month interlude in Antarctica) working toward a Master's degree in microbiology. The microbiology faculty at Tech were outstanding, and my training was exceptional. I think I came away from this program with a solid foundation in microbiology, a great appreciation for the scientific literature, and a good understanding of experimental design. |
Serodiagnosis of syphilis in the recombinant era: reversal of fortune
Hoover KW , Radolf JD . J Infect Dis 2011 204 (9) 1295-6 Treponema pallidum, the spirochete that causes syphilis, cannot be cultured. As a result, syphilis is usually diagnosed by tracking the immunologic footprints of its etiologic agent. Serodiagnosis of syphilis requires the detection of 2 distinct types of antibodies, nontreponemal and treponemal [1]. Nontreponemal antibodies, measured by the reactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests, are directed against lipoidal antigens of the host and probably the organism; they rise during active infection and often decline following treatment. Their primary usefulness is as a biomarker of disease activity. Treponemal antibodies, detected by the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed (FTA-ABS) and Treponema. pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) tests, are directed against T. pallidum proteins; they rise early in the course of infection and usually remain detectable for life, even after successful treatment. Neither test should be used alone. “Biologic false positive” nontreponemal tests are associated with various medical conditions unrelated to syphilis; nontreponemal test reactivity, therefore, must be confirmed by treponemal testing. Conventional treponemal tests use whole organisms and may be falsely reactive because of cross-reacting serum antibodies that in most cases are thought to derive from commensal microorganisms [2]. In addition, a reactive treponemal test cannot distinguish active from inactive infection. Traditionally, serodiagnosis of syphilis has been performed using an algorithm in which sera are screened for nontreponemal antibodies and reactivity is confirmed by testing for treponemal antibodies [1, 3]. The traditional sequence, long recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [3], has performed well in identifying syphilis patients with active disease and who are most infectious. Along with serologic test results, a patient’s clinical history and physical examination are used to confirm the diagnosis and guide management [3]. |
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