Last data update: Jun 17, 2024. (Total: 47034 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Djawe K [original query] |
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Vaccine-derived poliovirus serotype 2 outbreaks and response in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017-2021.
Alleman MM , Jorba J , Riziki Y , Henderson E , Mwehu A , Seakamela L , Howard W , Kadiobo Mbule A , Nsamba RN , Djawe K , Yapi MD , Mengouo MN , Gumede N , Ndoutabe M , Kfutwah AKW , Senouci K , Burns CC . Vaccine 2023 41 Suppl 1 A35-A47 Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) can emerge from Sabin strain poliovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 contained in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) after prolonged person-to-person transmission where population vaccination immunity against polioviruses is suboptimal. VDPVs can cause paralysis indistinguishable from wild polioviruses and outbreaks when community circulation ensues. VDPV serotype 2 outbreaks (cVDPV2) have been documented in The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since 2005. The nine cVDPV2 outbreaks detected during 2005-2012 were geographically-limited and resulted in 73 paralysis cases. No outbreaks were detected during 2013-2016. During January 1, 2017-December 31, 2021, 19 cVDPV2 outbreaks were detected in DRC. Seventeen of the 19 (including two first detected in Angola) resulted in 235 paralysis cases notified in 84 health zones in 18 of DRC's 26 provinces; no notified paralysis cases were associated with the remaining two outbreaks. The DRC-KAS-3 cVDPV2 outbreak that circulated during 2019-2021, and resulted in 101 paralysis cases in 10 provinces, was the largest recorded in DRC during the reporting period in terms of numbers of paralysis cases and geographic expanse. The 15 outbreaks occurring during 2017-early 2021 were successfully controlled with numerous supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) using monovalent OPV Sabin-strain serotype 2 (mOPV2); however, suboptimal mOPV2 vaccination coverage appears to have seeded the cVDPV2 emergences detected during semester 2, 2018 through 2021. Use of the novel OPV serotype 2 (nOPV2), designed to have greater genetic stability than mOPV2, should help DRC's efforts in controlling the more recent cVDPV2 outbreaks with a much lower risk of further seeding VDPV2 emergence. Improving nOPV2 SIA coverage should decrease the number of SIAs needed to interrupt transmission. DRC needs the support of polio eradication and Essential Immunization (EI) partners to accelerate the country's ongoing initiatives for EI strengthening, introduction of a second dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to increase protection against paralysis, and improving nOPV2 SIA coverage. |
Establishment of CDC Global Rapid Response Team to Ensure Global Health Security
Stehling-Ariza T , Lefevre A , Calles D , Djawe K , Garfield R , Gerber M , Ghiselli M , Giese C , Greiner AL , Hoffman A , Miller LA , Moorhouse L , Navarro-Colorado C , Walsh J , Bugli D , Shahpar C . Emerg Infect Dis 2017 23 (13) S203-9 The 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa highlighted challenges faced by the global response to a large public health emergency. Consequently, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) to strengthen emergency response capacity to global health threats, thereby ensuring global health security. Dedicated GRRT staff can be rapidly mobilized for extended missions, improving partner coordination and the continuity of response operations. A large, agencywide roster of surge staff enables rapid mobilization of qualified responders with wide-ranging experience and expertise. Team members are offered emergency response training, technical training, foreign language training, and responder readiness support. Recent response missions illustrate the breadth of support the team provides. GRRT serves as a model for other countries and is committed to strengthening emergency response capacity to respond to outbreaks and emergencies worldwide, thereby enhancing global health security. |
Mortality risk after AIDS-defining opportunistic illness among HIV-infected persons - San Francisco, 1981-2012
Djawe K , Buchacz K , Hsu L , Chen MJ , Selik RM , Rose C , Williams T , Brooks JT , Schwarcz S . J Infect Dis 2015 212 (9) 1366-75 OBJECTIVE: To examine whether improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment was associated with better survival after diagnosis of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses (AIDS-OIs) and how survival differed by AIDS-OI. DESIGN: We used HIV surveillance data to conduct a survival analysis. METHODS: We estimated survival probabilities after first AIDS-OI diagnosis among adult patients with AIDS in San Francisco during 3 treatment eras: 1981-1986; 1987-1996; and 1997-2012. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine adjusted mortality risk by AIDS-OI in the years 1997-2012. RESULTS: Among 20 858 patients with AIDS, the most frequently diagnosed AIDS-OIs were Pneumocystis pneumonia (39.1%) and Kaposi sarcoma (20.1%). Overall 5-year survival probability increased from 7% in 1981-1986 to 65% in 1997-2012. In 1997-2012, after adjustment for known confounders and using Pneumocystis pneumonia as the referent category, mortality rates after first AIDS-OI were highest for brain lymphoma (hazard ratio [HR], 5.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-8.87) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (HR, 4.22; 95% CI, 2.49-7.17). CONCLUSION: Survival after first AIDS-OI diagnosis has improved markedly since 1981. Some AIDS-OIs remain associated with substantially higher mortality risk than others, even after adjustment for known confounders. Better prevention and treatment strategies are still needed for AIDS-OIs occurring in the current HIV treatment era. |
Community-based electronic data collections for HIV prevention research with black/African-American men in the rural, Southern USA
Djawe K , Brown EE , Gaul Z , Sutton M . AIDS Care 2014 26 (10) 1-9 In Florida, the HIV case rate among black men is five times that of white men; tailored HIV prevention interventions are lacking. Historical concerns regarding trust with public health venues and sharing sensitive information make face-to-face data collection with some rural, southern black men challenging. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of using audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASIs) by local community-based organization members to collect HIV-related information from black men in rural settings. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between using ACASI and participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Of 636 men approached, 586 (92.0%) participated, 479 (81.7%) never completed a computer survey, and 287 (71%) of those reporting a preference preferred ACASI for future data collections. Increased age, past computer use, and sharing a household with someone were significantly associated with ACASI feasibility and acceptability. Using ACASI with black men in rural settings is feasible for HIV intervention research and disparity-reducing goals. |
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