Last data update: Apr 29, 2024. (Total: 46658 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Chia V [original query] |
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Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes.
Voss WN , Hou YJ , Johnson NV , Delidakis G , Kim JE , Javanmardi K , Horton AP , Bartzoka F , Paresi CJ , Tanno Y , Chou CW , Abbasi SA , Pickens W , George K , Boutz DR , Towers DM , McDaniel JR , Billick D , Goike J , Rowe L , Batra D , Pohl J , Lee J , Gangappa S , Sambhara S , Gadush M , Wang N , Person MD , Iverson BL , Gollihar JD , Dye J , Herbert A , Finkelstein IJ , Baric RS , McLellan JS , Georgiou G , Lavinder JJ , Ippolito GC . Science 2021 372 (6546) 1108-1112 The molecular composition and binding epitopes of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that circulate in blood plasma following SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. Proteomic deconvolution of the IgG repertoire to the spike glycoprotein in convalescent subjects revealed that the response is directed predominantly (>80%) against epitopes residing outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In one subject, just four IgG lineages accounted for 93.5% of the response, including an N-terminal domain (NTD)-directed antibody that was protective against lethal viral challenge. Genetic, structural, and functional characterization of a multi-donor class of "public" antibodies revealed an NTD epitope that is recurrently mutated among emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. These data show that "public" NTD-directed and other non-RBD plasma antibodies are prevalent and have implications for SARS-CoV-2 protection and antibody escape. |
NS2B/NS3 mutations enhance the infectivity of genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus in amplifying hosts.
Fan YC , Liang JJ , Chen JM , Lin JW , Chen YY , Su KH , Lin CC , Tu WC , Chiou MT , Ou SC , Chang GJ , Lin YL , Chiou SS . PLoS Pathog 2019 15 (8) e1007992 Genotype I (GI) virus has replaced genotype III (GIII) virus as the dominant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the epidemic area of Asia. The mechanism underlying the genotype replacement remains unclear. Therefore, we focused our current study on investigating the roles of mosquito vector and amplifying host(s) in JEV genotype replacement by comparing the replication ability of GI and GIII viruses. GI and GIII viruses had similar infection rates and replicated to similar viral titers after blood meal feedings in Culex tritaeniorhynchus. However, GI virus yielded a higher viral titer in amplifying host-derived cells, especially at an elevated temperature, and produced an earlier and higher viremia in experimentally inoculated pigs, ducklings, and young chickens. Subsequently we identified the amplification advantage of viral genetic determinants from GI viruses by utilizing chimeric and recombinant JEVs (rJEVs). Compared to the recombinant GIII virus (rGIII virus), we observed that both the recombinant GI virus and the chimeric rJEVs encoding GI virus-derived NS1-3 genes supported higher replication ability in amplifying hosts. The replication advantage of the chimeric rJEVs was lost after introduction of a single substitution from a GIII viral mutation (NS2B-L99V, NS3-S78A, or NS3-D177E). In addition, the gain-of-function assay further elucidated that rGIII virus encoding GI virus NS2B-V99L/NS3-A78S/E177E substitutions re-gained the enhanced replication ability. Thus, we conclude that the replication advantage of GI virus in pigs and poultry is the result of three critical NS2B/NS3 substitutions. This may lead to more efficient transmission of GI virus than GIII virus in the amplifying host-mosquito cycle. |
Socioecological risk factors associated with teen pregnancy or birth for young men: A scoping review
Fasula AM , Chia V , Murray CC , Brittain A , Tevendale H , Koumans EH . J Adolesc 2019 74 130-145 INTRODUCTION: Teen pregnancy prevention typically focuses on young women, overlooking the unique prevention needs of young men. Identifying factors associated with teen pregnancy for young men is essential to developing relevant and effective programming. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of studies with findings on factors associated with pregnancies/birth specific to young men. We searched Scopus, OVID, and PubMed databases for peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2015. We reviewed 1750 articles for inclusion of studies conducted in the United States with a sample size greater than 200 that assessed the effect of factors on teen pregnancy/birth using multivariate, male-specific analyses. Two coders abstracted 48 articles (having established 80% reliability with 10% of the articles). We grouped study variables into factors and used a matrix to summarize findings for each factor. During analysis, 29 articles were excluded for a final sample of 19 articles, each describing a separate study. RESULTS: Study settings included households, healthcare organizations, schools, neighborhoods, and correctional facilities. Factors showing associations with teen pregnancy/birth included: experiencing childhood abuse; engaging in serious or repeated delinquent behaviors; substance abuse; having a teen parent; serious family disruption; not living with either parent; and Hispanic ethnicity. No studies assessed knowledge and attitudes about contraceptive methods, or access and use of clinical services; and few assessed relationship factors (n=4) or gender and power (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: Factors related to disadvantaged social contexts were associated with teen pregnancy/birth. Resilience-based research may identify protective factors to support vulnerable families and youth. |
New product, old problem(s): multistate outbreak of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections linked to raw sprouted nut butters, October 2015
Heiman Marshall KE , Booth H , Harrang J , Lamba K , Folley A , Ching-Lee M , Hannapel E , Greene V , Classon A , Whitlock L , Shade L , Viazis S , Nguyen T , Neil KP . Epidemiol Infect 2018 147 1-6 A cluster of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns was detected in October 2015. Interviews initially identified nut butters, kale, kombucha, chia seeds and nutrition bars as common exposures. Epidemiologic, environmental and traceback investigations were conducted. Thirteen ill people infected with the outbreak strain were identified in 10 states with illness onset during 18 July-22 November 2015. Eight of 10 (80%) ill people reported eating Brand A raw sprouted nut butters. Brand A conducted a voluntary recall. Raw sprouted nut butters are a novel outbreak vehicle, though contaminated raw nuts, nut butters and sprouted seeds have all caused outbreaks previously. Firms producing raw sprouted products, including nut butters, should consider a kill step to reduce the risk of contamination. People at greater risk for foodborne illness may wish to consider avoiding raw products containing raw sprouted ingredients. |
Molecular characterisation of measles virus strains among refugees from Central African Republic in Cameroon in 2014.
Ndombo PK , Ndze VN , Mbarga FD , Anderson R , Acho A , Ebua Chia J , Njamnshi AK , Rota PA , Waku-Kouomou D . Epidemiol Infect 2018 146 (3) 1-5 Measles is a highly infectious human viral disease caused by measles virus (MeV). An estimated 114 900 measles deaths occurred worldwide in 2014. There are currently eight clades (A-H) comprised 24 MeV genotypes. We sought to characterise MeVs among Central African Republic (CAR) refugees during the 2014 measles epidemic in Cameroon. Samples were collected from children <15 years with suspected measles infections in two refugee camps in the east region of Cameroon. Viral RNA was extracted directly from urine samples. RNA detection of MeV RNA was performed with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 634 bp nucleotide fragment of the N gene. The sequence of the PCR product was obtained to determine the genotype. MeV RNA was detected in 25 out of 30 samples from suspected cases, and among the 25 positive samples, MeV sequences were obtained from 20. The MeV strains characterised were all genotype B3. The MeV strains from genotype B3 found in this outbreak were more similar to those circulating in Northern Cameroon in 2010-2011 than to MeV strains circulating in the CAR in 2011. Surveillance system should be improved to focus on refugees for early detection of and response to outbreaks. |
Applying Machine Learning to Workers' Compensation Data to Identify Industry-Specific Ergonomic and Safety Prevention Priorities: Ohio, 2001 to 2011.
Meyers AR , Al-Tarawneh IS , Wurzelbacher SJ , Bushnell PT , Lampl MP , Bell JL , Bertke SJ , Robins DC , Tseng CY , Wei C , Raudabaugh JA , Schnorr TM . J Occup Environ Med 2017 60 (1) 55-73 OBJECTIVE: This study leveraged a state workers' compensation claims database and machine learning techniques to target prevention efforts by injury causation and industry. METHODS: Injury causation auto-coding methods were developed to code more than 1.2 million Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation claims for this study. Industry groups were ranked for soft-tissue musculoskeletal claims that may have been preventable with biomechanical ergonomic (ERGO) or slip/trip/fall (STF) interventions. RESULTS: On the basis of the average of claim count and rate ranks for more than 200 industry groups, Skilled Nursing Facilities (ERGO) and General Freight Trucking (STF) were the highest risk for lost-time claims (>7 days). CONCLUSION: This study created a third, major causation-specific U.S. occupational injury surveillance system. These findings are being used to focus prevention resources on specific occupational injury types in specific industry groups, especially in Ohio. Other state bureaus or insurers may use similar methods. |
Development of an improved standard reference material for vitamin D metabolites in human serum
Phinney KW , Tai SS , Bedner M , Camara JE , Chia RRC , Sander LC , Sharpless KE , Wise SA , Yen JH , Schleicher RL , Chaudhary-Webb M , Maw KL , Rahmani Y , Betz JM , Merkel J , Sempos CT , Coates PM , Durazo-Arvizu RA , Sarafin K , Brooks SPJ . Anal Chem 2017 89 (9) 4907-4913 The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 972a Vitamin D Metabolites in Frozen Human Serum as a replacement for SRM 972, which is no longer available. SRM 972a was developed in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements. In contrast to the previous reference material, three of the four levels of SRM 972a are composed of unmodified human serum. This SRM has certified and reference values for the following 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] species: 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. The value assignment and certification process included three isotope-dilution mass spectrometry approaches, with measurements performed at NIST and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The value assignment methods employed have been modified from those utilized for the previous SRM, and all three approaches now incorporate chromatographic resolution of the stereoisomers, 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. |
International outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder - USA and Canada, 2013-2014
Harvey RR , Heiman Marshall KE , Burnworth L , Hamel M , Tataryn J , Cutler J , Meghnath K , Wellman A , Irvin K , Isaac L , Chau K , Locas A , Kohl J , Huth PA , Nicholas D , Traphagen E , Soto K , Mank L , Holmes-Talbot K , Needham M , Barnes A , Adcock B , Honish L , Chui L , Taylor M , Gaulin C , Bekal S , Warshawsky B , Hobbs L , Tschetter LR , Surin A , Lance S , Wise ME , Williams I , Gieraltowski L . Epidemiol Infect 2017 145 (8) 1-10 Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness. We report the collaborative investigative efforts of US and Canadian public health officials during the 2013-2014 international outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder. The investigation included open-ended interviews of ill persons, traceback, product testing, facility inspections, and trace forward. Ninety-four persons infected with outbreak strains from 16 states and four provinces were identified; 21% were hospitalized and none died. Fifty-four (96%) of 56 persons who consumed chia seed powder, reported 13 different brands that traced back to a single Canadian firm, distributed by four US and eight Canadian companies. Laboratory testing yielded outbreak strains from leftover and intact product. Contaminated product was recalled. Although chia seed powder is a novel outbreak vehicle, sprouted seeds are recognized as an important cause of foodborne illness; firms should follow available guidance to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination during sprouting. |
In vivo activation of a T helper 2-driven innate immune response in lung fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Dong J , Ma Q . Arch Toxicol 2016 90 (9) 2231-2248 Pulmonary exposure to certain forms of carbon nanotubes (CNT) induces fibrosing lesions in the lungs that manifest an acute inflammation followed by chronic interstitial fibrosis. The mechanism of CNT-induced fibrogenesis is largely unknown. The biphasic development with drastically distinct pathologic manifestations suggests a junction of acute-to-chronic transition. Here we analyzed the molecular pathways and regulators underlying the pathologic development of CNT-induced lung fibrosis. Mice were exposed to multi-walled CNT (MWCNT; XNRI MWNT-7, Mitsui; 40 mug) by pharyngeal aspiration for 7 days along with vehicle and carbonaceous controls. Genome-wide microarray analyses of the lungs identified a range of differentially expressed genes that potentially function in the acute-to-chronic transition through pathways involving immune and inflammatory regulation, responses to stress and extracellular stimuli, and cell migration and adhesion. In particular, a T helper 2 (Th2)-driven innate immune response was significantly enriched. We then demonstrated that MWCNT induced the expression of Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, and a panel of signature downstream genes, such as Il4i1, Chia, and Ccl11/Eotaxin, time dependently. Induction of Th2 cytokines took place in CD4+ T lymphocytes indicating activation of Th2 cells. Furthermore, induction involved activation of a Th2 cell-specific signaling pathway through phosphorylation of STAT6 and up-regulation of GATA-3 to mediate the transcription of Th2 target genes. Our study uncovers activation of a Th2-driven immune/inflammatory response during pulmonary fibrosis development induced by MWCNT. The findings provide novel insights into the molecular events that control the transition from an acute inflammatory response to chronic fibrosis through Th2 functions in CNT-exposed lungs. |
Justifying research risks in a clinical trial for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Heilig CM , Chia D , El-Sadr WM , Hirsch-Moverman Y , Kenzie WR , Saukkonen J , Villarino ME , Padayatchi N . IRB 2011 33 (4) 10-7 Investigators and ethics review committees must ensure the proper justification of risks to participants | in clinical trials.1 Despite the existence of a systematic framework for analyzing the ethical evaluation | of research risks,2 the literature contains few worked | examples of such an analysis.3 This paper demonstrates | a step-by-step component analysis of the LiMiT Study, | a phase I–II randomized controlled trial designed to | evaluate once-daily (600 mg.) linezolid plus optimized | background therapy versus placebo plus optimized | background therapy for the first 16 weeks of study | therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB).4 This | example represents a fairly complex, early-stage trial | that we, as investigators, wanted to ensure met criteria for appropriate justification of research risks. Our | analytic framework helped to isolate and clarify a few | subtle issues that arise from using placebo in combination therapy among persons with difficult-to-treat | tuberculosis |
Differential chitinase activity and production within Francisella species, subspecies, and subpopulations
Chandler JC , Molins CR , Petersen JM , Belisle JT . J Bacteriol 2011 193 (13) 3265-75 Genotyping of Francisella tularensis (A1a, A1b, A2, and type B) and Francisella novicida has identified multiple differences between species and among F. tularensis subspecies and subpopulations. Variations in virulence, geographic distribution, and ecology are also known to exist among this group of bacteria, despite the >95% nucleotide identity in their genomes. This study expands the description of phenotypic differences by evaluating the ability of F. tularensis and F. novicida to degrade chitin analogs and produce active chitinases. Endochitinase activities were observed to vary among F. tularensis and F. novicida strains. The activity observed for F. tularensis strains was predominantly associated with whole-cell lysates, while the chitinase activity of F. novicida localized to the culture supernatant. In addition, the overall level of chitinase activity differed among the subpopulations of F. tularensis and between the species. Bioinformatic analyses identified two new putative chitinase genes (chiC and chiD), as well as the previously described chiA and chiB. However, the presence of these four open reading frames as intact genes or pseudogenes was found to differ between Francisella species and F. tularensis subspecies and subpopulations. Recombinant production of the putative chitinases and enzymatic evaluations revealed ChiA, ChiB, ChiC, and ChiD possessed dissimilar chitinase activities. These biochemical studies coupled with bioinformatic analyses and the evaluation of chiA and chiC knockouts in F. tularensis A1 and A2 strains, respectively, provided a molecular basis to explain the differential chitinase activities observed among the species and subpopulations of Francisella. |
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