Last data update: Jun 24, 2024. (Total: 47078 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Carrington M [original query] |
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Examining narratives around adverse childhood experiences and social determinants of health in media coverage of substance use in two mid-western cities
Treves-Kagan S , Kennedy K , Carrington M . Am J Community Psychol 2023 Local media narratives play an important role in how people interpret and propose solutions for health issues in their community. This research characterized narratives about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and/or social determinants of health (SDOH) in media coverage of substance use. Scans covered articles published in the Detroit Free Press and the Cincinnati Enquirer from March 1, 2019 to June 1, 2019 and March 1, 2021 to June 1, 2021. Scans used search terms for opioids and substance use. Included articles were coded and analyzed for narratives about why people use substances, how to prevent substance use, and how ACEs or SDOH relate to substance use. While half of the included articles reported on the overdose epidemic, the most common type of media coverage reported on criminal justice milestones. Other common narratives identified addiction as an illness that should be treated; and over-prescription of painkillers or the strength of the drugs as causes of substance use disorders. Narratives about SDOH and the primary prevention of ACEs and substance use were limited. Transformational narrative change work can increase support for addressing the root causes of ACEs and substance use. Results suggest this strategy remains largely untapped in the formal media. |
Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen of Survivors - Liberia.
Dyal J , Kofman A , Kollie JZ , Fankhauser J , Orone R , Soka MJ , Glaybo U , Kiawu A , Freeman E , Giah G , Tony HD , Faikai M , Jawara M , Kamara K , Kamara S , Flowers B , Kromah ML , Desamu-Thorpe R , Graziano J , Brown S , Morales-Betoulle ME , Cannon DL , Su K , Linderman SL , Plucinski M , Rogier E , Bradbury RS , Secor WE , Bowden KE , Phillips C , Carrington MN , Park YH , Martin MP , Del Pilar Aguinaga M , Mushi R , Haberling DL , Ervin ED , Klena JD , Massaquoi M , Nyenswah T , Nichol ST , Chiriboga DE , Williams DE , Hinrichs SH , Ahmed R , Vonhm BT , Rollin PE , Purpura LJ , Choi MJ . Clin Infect Dis 2022 76 (3) e849-e856 ![]() ![]() BACKGROUND: Long-term persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in immunologically-privileged sites has been implicated in recent outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study was designed to understand how the acute course of EVD, convalescence, and host immune and genetic factors may play a role in prolonged viral persistence in semen. METHODS: A cohort of 131 male EVD survivors in Liberia were enrolled in a case-case study. "Early clearers" were defined as those with two consecutive negative EBOV semen tests by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at least two weeks apart within 1 year after discharge from the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) or acute EVD. "Late clearers" had detectable EBOV RNA by rRT-PCR over one year following ETU discharge or acute EVD. Retrospective histories of their EVD clinical course were collected by questionnaire, followed by complete physical exams and blood work. RESULTS: Compared to early clearers, late clearers were older (median 42.5 years, p = 0.0001) and experienced fewer severe clinical symptoms (median 2, p = 0.006). Late clearers had more lens opacifications (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.1-13.3, p = 0.03), after accounting for age, higher total serum IgG3 titers (p = 0.007) and increased expression of the HLA-C*03:04 allele (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.70, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Older age, decreased illness severity, elevated total serum IgG3 and HLA-C*03:04 allele expression may be risk factors for the persistence of EBOV in the semen of EVD survivors. EBOV persistence in semen may also be associated with its persistence in other immunologically protected sites, such as the eye. |
Linked Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.351 - Maryland, January-February 2021.
Feder KA , Pearlowitz M , Goode A , Duwell M , Williams TW , Chen-Carrington PA , Patel A , Dominguez C , Keller EN , Klein L , Rivera-Colon A , Mostafa HH , Morris CP , Patel N , Schauer AM , Myers R , Blythe D , Feldman KA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (17) 627-631 ![]() In late January 2021, a clinical laboratory notified the Maryland Department of Health (MDH) that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.351 had been identified in a specimen collected from a Maryland resident with COVID-19 (1). The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 lineage was first identified in South Africa (2) and might be neutralized less effectively by antibodies produced after vaccination or natural infection with other strains (3-6). To limit SARS-CoV-2 chains of transmission associated with this index patient, MDH used contact tracing to identify the source of infection and any linked infections among other persons. The investigation identified two linked clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection that included 17 patients. Three additional specimens from these clusters were sequenced; all three had the B.1.351 variant and all sequences were closely related to the sequence from the index patient's specimen. Among the 17 patients identified, none reported recent international travel or contact with international travelers. Two patients, including the index patient, had received the first of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series in the 2 weeks before their likely exposure; one additional patient had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 5 months before exposure. Two patients were hospitalized with COVID-19, and one died. These first identified linked clusters of B.1.351 infections in the United States with no apparent link to international travel highlight the importance of expanding the scope and volume of genetic surveillance programs to identify variants, completing contact investigations for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and using universal prevention strategies, including vaccination, masking, and physical distancing, to control the spread of variants of concern. |
Screening for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Within a Psychiatric Hospital and Considerations for Limiting Transmission Within Residential Psychiatric Facilities - Wyoming, 2020.
Callaghan AW , Chard AN , Arnold P , Loveland C , Hull N , Saraiya M , Saydah S , Dumont W , Frakes LG , Johnson D , Peltier R , Van Houten C , Trujillo AA , Moore J , Rose DA , Honein MA , Carrington D , Harrist A , Hills SL . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (26) 825-829 In the United States, approximately 180,000 patients receive mental health services each day at approximately 4,000 inpatient and residential psychiatric facilities (1). SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can spread rapidly within congregate residential settings (2-4), including psychiatric facilities. On April 13, 2020, two patients were transferred to Wyoming's state psychiatric hospital from a private psychiatric hospital that had confirmed COVID-19 cases among its residents and staff members (5). Although both patients were asymptomatic at the time of transfer and one had a negative test result for SARS-CoV-2 at the originating facility, they were both isolated and received testing upon arrival at the state facility. On April 16, 2020, the test results indicated that both patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. In response, the state hospital implemented expanded COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures (e.g., enhanced screening, testing, and management of new patient admissions) and adapted some standard IPC measures to facilitate implementation within the psychiatric patient population (e.g., use of modified face coverings). To assess the likely effectiveness of these procedures and determine SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among patients and health care personnel (HCP) (6) at the state hospital, a point prevalence survey was conducted. On May 1, 2020, 18 days after the patients' arrival, 46 (61%) of 76 patients and 171 (61%) of 282 HCP had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All patients and HCP who received testing had negative test results, suggesting that the hospital's expanded IPC strategies might have been effective in preventing the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the facility. In congregate residential settings, prompt identification of COVID-19 cases and application of strong IPC procedures are critical to ensuring the protection of other patients and staff members. Although standard guidance exists for other congregate facilities (7) and for HCP in general (8), modifications and nonstandard solutions might be needed to account for the specific needs of psychiatric facilities, their patients, and staff members. |
The serological prevalence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in the bat population on the Caribbean island of Trinidad
Seetahal JFR , Greenberg L , Satheshkumar PS , Sanchez-Vazquez MJ , Legall G , Singh S , Ramkissoon V , Schountz T , Munster V , Oura CAL , Carrington CVF . Viruses 2020 12 (2) Rabies virus (RABV) is the only lyssavirus known to be present within the Caribbean. The island of Trinidad, is richly diverse in chiropteran fauna and endemic for bat-transmitted rabies with low RABV isolation rates observed in this population. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in light of spatio-temporal and bat demographic factors to infer the extent of natural exposure to RABV in the Trinidadian bat population. RVNA titers were determined by the RABV micro-neutralization test on 383 bat samples representing 21 species, comprising 30.9% of local bat diversity, from 31 locations across the island over 5 years. RVNA was positively detected in 33 samples (8.6%) representing 6 bat species (mainly frugivorous) with titers ranging from 0.1 to 19 IU/mL (mean 1.66 IU/mL). The analyses based on a multivariable binomial generalised linear mixed-effects model showed that bat age and year of capture were significant predictors of seropositivity. Thus, juvenile bats were more likely to be seropositive when compared to adults (estimate 1.13; p = 0.04) which may suggest early exposure to the RABV with possible implications for viral amplification in this population. Temporal variation in rabies seropositivity, 2012-2014 versus 2015-2017 (estimate 1.07; p = 0.03) may have been related to the prevailing rabies epizootic situation. Regarding other factors investigated, RVNA was found in bats from both rural and non-rural areas, as well as in both hematophagous and non-hematophagous bat species. The most common seropositive species, Artibeus jamaicensis planirostris is ubiquitous throughout the island which may potentially facilitate human exposure. The findings of this study should be factored into public health assessments on the potential for rabies transmission by non-hematophagous bats in Trinidad. |
Fatal case of brucellosis misdiagnosed in early stages of Brucella suis infection in a 46-year-old patient with Marfan syndrome
Carrington M , Choe U , Ubillos S , Stanek D , Campbell M , Wansbrough L , Lee P , Churchwell G , Rosas K , Zaki SR , Drew C , Paddock CD , Deleon-Carnes M , Guerra M , Hoffmaster AR , Tiller RV , De BK . J Clin Microbiol 2012 50 (6) 2173-5 We report a fatal case of Brucella suis endocarditis initially misdiagnosed by automated identification systems as Ochrobactrum anthropi infection in a patient with a history of Marfan syndrome and recreational feral swine hunting. This report emphasizes the need to consider brucellosis as a part of the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness, particularly in patients with known risk of exposure. |
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