Last data update: Sep 23, 2024. (Total: 47723 publications since 2009)
Records 1-30 (of 210 Records) |
Query Trace: Berry J [original query] |
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Effects of COVID-19 on motor neuron disease mortality in the United States: a population-based cross-sectional study
Raymond J , Berry JD , Larson T , Horton DK , Mehta P . Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024 1-8 BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic, stating that those with underlying health conditions are most susceptible, including motor neuron disease (MND). OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect the COVID-19 pandemic had on deaths from MND in the United States. METHODS: Death certificate data for all MND deaths aged 20 years and older were analyzed from 2017 to 2019 (pre-COVID), then expanded to include 2020 and 2021 (COVID) deaths to evaluate if COVID-19 impacted MND deaths. RESULTS: The average number of MND deaths documented during the COVID-19 years was 8009, up from 7485 MND deaths pre-COVID. The age-adjusted mortality rate among the non-Hispanic population increased during COVID to 2.78 per 100,000 persons (95% CI = 2.73-2.82) from 1.81 (95% CI = 1.78-1.84). The Hispanic population also saw an increase in mortality rate during COVID (1.61, 95% CI = 1.51-1.71) compared with pre-COVID (1.10, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17). Decedent's home as a place of death also saw a mortality rate increase during COVID (1.51, 95% CI = 1.48-1.54) compared with pre-COVID (1.30, 95% CI = 1.27-1.32). For the Hispanic population, the rate peaked at 80-84 years pre-COVID, but for the COVID years, the rate peaked earlier, at 75-79 years. CONCLUSION: The total number of MND deaths was greater during COVID than in the preceding years. The analysis suggests there might have been a consequence of circumstances surrounding the global pandemic and the associated restrictions. |
Prevalence of ALS in all 50 states in the United States, data from the National ALS Registry, 2011-2018
Mehta P , Raymond J , Nair T , Han M , Punjani R , Larson T , Berry J , Mohidul S , Horton DK . Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024 1-7 Objective: To summarize the prevalence of ALS in all 50 states and Washington, DC in the United States from 2011 to 2018 using data collected and analyzed by the National ALS Registry. In October 2010, the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) launched the congressionally mandated Registry to determine the incidence and prevalence of ALS within the USA, characterize the demographics of persons with ALS, and identify the potential risk factors for the disease. This is the first analysis of state-level ALS prevalence estimates. Methods: ALS is not a notifiable disease in the USA, so the Registry uses a two-pronged approach to identify cases. The first approach uses existing national administrative databases (Medicare, Veterans Health Administration, and Veterans Benefits Administration). The second method uses a secure web portal to gather voluntary participant data and identify cases not included in the national administrative databases. Results: State-level age-adjusted average prevalence from 2011-2018 ranged from 2.6 per 100,000 persons (Hawaii) to 7.8 per 100,000 persons (Vermont), with an average of 4.4 per 100,000 persons in the US. New England and Midwest regions had higher prevalence rates than the national average. Conclusions: These findings summarize the prevalence of ALS for all 50 states from 2011 to 2018. This is a continuing effort to identify ALS cases on a national population basis. The establishment of the National ALS Registry has allowed for epidemiological trends of this disease and the assessment of potential risk factors that could cause ALS. |
Serologic responses to the MVA-based JYNNEOS mpox vaccine in a cohort of participants from the District of Columbia (D.C.)
Griffin I , Berry I , Navarra T , Priyamvada L , Carson WC , Noiman A , Jackson DA , Waltenburg MA , Still W , Lujan L , Beverly J , Willut C , Lee M , Mangla A , Shelus V , Hutson CL , Townsend MB , Satheshkumar PS . Vaccine 2024 We assessed early antibody responses after two doses of JYNNEOS (IMVANEX) mpox vaccine in the District of Columbia (D.C.) in persons at high risk for mpox without characteristic lesions or rash. Participants with PCR mpox negative specimens (oral swab, blood, and/or rectal swab) on the day of receipt of the first vaccine dose and who provided a baseline (day 0) serum sample and at least one serum sample at ∼28, ∼42-56 days, or 180 days post vaccination were included in this analysis. Orthopoxvirus (OPXV)-specific IgG and IgM ELISAs and neutralizing antibody titers were performed, and longitudinal serologic responses were examined. Based on participants' IgG and IgM antibody levels at baseline, they were categorized as naïve or non-naïve. Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to determine if IgG antibody response over time varied by age, sex, HIV status, and route of administration for both naïve and non-naïve participants. Among both naïve and non-naïve participants IgG seropositivity rates increased until day 42-56, with 89.4 % of naïve and 92.1 % of non-naïve participants having detectable IgG antibodies. The proportion of naive participants with detectable IgG antibodies declined by day 180 (67.7 %) but remained high among non-naïve participants (94.4 %). Neutralizing antibody titers displayed a similar pattern, increasing initially post vaccination but declining by day 180 among naïve participants. There were no significant serologic response differences by age, sex, or HIV status. Serologic response did vary by route of vaccine administration, with those receiving a combination of intradermal and subcutaneous doses displaying significantly higher IgG values than those receiving both doses intradermally. These analyses provide initial insights into the immunogenicity of a two-dose JYNNEOS PEP regimen in individuals at high risk of mpox exposure in the United States. |
Notes from the field: Increase in nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Washington, 2018-2023
Xie AG , Yomogida K , Berry I , Briggs NL , Esie P , Hamlet A , Paris K , Tromble E , DeBolt C , Graff NR , Chow EJ . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (17) 405-407 |
Modifications to sexual behaviors associated with Mpox (monkeypox) virus transmission among persons presenting for Mpox vaccination, Washington, D.C., August-October, 2022
Copen CE , Delaney KP , Agnew-Brune C , Berry I , Griffin I , Hassan R , Oakley LP , Wondmeneh S , Rhodes T , Gillani S , Lee M , Ashley P , Willut C , Mangla AT , Waltenburg MA , Jackson DA . Sex Transm Dis 2024 51 (1) 54-60 BACKGROUND: Over 30,000 mpox cases were reported during the 2022 mpox outbreak with many cases occurring among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Decreases in U.S. mpox cases were likely accelerated by a combination of vaccination and modifications to sexual behaviors associated with mpox virus transmission. We assessed reports of sexual behavior change among participants receiving mpox vaccination in Washington, DC. METHODS: During August to October 2022, 711 adults aged ≥18 years receiving mpox vaccination at two public health clinics in Washington, DC completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked whether sexual behaviors changed since learning about mpox. We calculated the frequency and percentages of participants reporting an increase, decrease, or no change in 4 of these behaviors by demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Overall, between 46% and 61% of participants reported a decrease in sexual behaviors associated with mpox virus transmission, 39% to 54% reported no change in these behaviors, and <1% reported an increase. Approximately 61% reported decreases in one-time sexual encounters (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.8%-64.7%), 54.3% reduced numbers of sex partners (95% CI, 50.4%-58.0%), 53.4% decreased sex via a dating app or sex venue (95% CI, 49.7%-58.0%), and 45.6% reported less group sex (95% CI, 40.4%-50.9%). Reported decreases in these behaviors were higher for MSM than women; in non-Hispanic Black than non-Hispanic White participants; and in participants with human immunodeficiency virus than participants without human immunodeficiency virus. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants receiving mpox vaccination reported decreasing sexual behaviors associated with mpox virus transmission, including groups disproportionately affected by the outbreak. |
Selection of antibiotics as prophylaxis for close contacts of patients with meningococcal disease in areas with ciprofloxacin resistance - United States, 2024
Berry I , Rubis AB , Howie RL , Sharma S , Marasini D , Marjuki H , Crowe S , McNamara LA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024 73 (5) 99-103 Meningococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, is a rare but life-threatening illness that requires prompt antibiotic treatment for patients and antibiotic prophylaxis for their close contacts. Historically, N. meningitidis isolates in the United States have been largely susceptible to the antibiotics recommended for prophylaxis, including ciprofloxacin. Since 2019, however, the number of meningococcal disease cases caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant strains has increased. Antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin in areas with ciprofloxacin resistance might result in prophylaxis failure. Health departments should preferentially consider using antibiotics other than ciprofloxacin as prophylaxis for close contacts when both of the following criteria have been met in a local catchment area during a rolling 12-month period: 1) the reporting of two or more invasive meningococcal disease cases caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, and 2) ≥20% of all reported invasive meningococcal disease cases are caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Other than ciprofloxacin, alternative recommended antibiotic options include rifampin, ceftriaxone, or azithromycin. Ongoing monitoring for antibiotic resistance of meningococcal isolates through surveillance and health care providers' reporting of prophylaxis failures will guide future updates to prophylaxis considerations and recommendations. |
Phenylketonuria Scientific Review Conference: state of the science and future research needs.
Camp KM , Parisi MA , Acosta PB , Berry GT , Bilder DA , Blau N , Bodamer OA , Brosco JP , Brown CS , Burlina AB , Burton BK , Chang CS , Coates PM , Cunningham AC , Dobrowolski SF , Ferguson JH , Franklin TD , Frazier DM , Grange DK , Greene CL , Groft SC , Harding CO , Howell RR , Huntington KL , Hyatt-Knorr HD , Jevaji IP , Levy HL , Lichter-Konecki U , Lindegren ML , Lloyd-Puryear MA , Matalon K , MacDonald A , McPheeters ML , Mitchell JJ , Mofidi S , Moseley KD , Mueller CM , Mulberg AE , Nerurkar LS , Ogata BN , Pariser AR , Prasad S , Pridjian G , Rasmussen SA , Reddy UM , Rohr FJ , Singh RH , Sirrs SM , Stremer SE , Tagle DA , Thompson SM , Urv TK , Utz JR , van Spronsen F , Vockley J , Waisbren SE , Weglicki LS , White DA , Whitley CB , Wilfond BS , Yannicelli S , Young JM . Mol Genet Metab 2014 112 (2) 87-122 New developments in the treatment and management of phenylketonuria (PKU) as well as advances in molecular testing have emerged since the National Institutes of Health 2000 PKU Consensus Statement was released. An NIH State-of-the-Science Conference was convened in 2012 to address new findings, particularly the use of the medication sapropterin to treat some individuals with PKU, and to develop a research agenda. Prior to the 2012 conference, five working groups of experts and public members met over a 1-year period. The working groups addressed the following: long-term outcomes and management across the lifespan; PKU and pregnancy; diet control and management; pharmacologic interventions; and molecular testing, new technologies, and epidemiologic considerations. In a parallel and independent activity, an Evidence-based Practice Center supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality conducted a systematic review of adjuvant treatments for PKU; its conclusions were presented at the conference. The conference included the findings of the working groups, panel discussions from industry and international perspectives, and presentations on topics such as emerging treatments for PKU, transitioning to adult care, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory perspective. Over 85 experts participated in the conference through information gathering and/or as presenters during the conference, and they reached several important conclusions. The most serious neurological impairments in PKU are preventable with current dietary treatment approaches. However, a variety of more subtle physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of even well-controlled PKU are now recognized. The best outcomes in maternal PKU occur when blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations are maintained between 120 and 360 μmol/L before and during pregnancy. The dietary management treatment goal for individuals with PKU is a blood Phe concentration between 120 and 360 μmol/L. The use of genotype information in the newborn period may yield valuable insights about the severity of the condition for infants diagnosed before maximal Phe levels are achieved. While emerging and established genotype-phenotype correlations may transform our understanding of PKU, establishing correlations with intellectual outcomes is more challenging. Regarding the use of sapropterin in PKU, there are significant gaps in predicting response to treatment; at least half of those with PKU will have either minimal or no response. A coordinated approach to PKU treatment improves long-term outcomes for those with PKU and facilitates the conduct of research to improve diagnosis and treatment. New drugs that are safe, efficacious, and impact a larger proportion of individuals with PKU are needed. However, it is imperative that treatment guidelines and the decision processes for determining access to treatments be tied to a solid evidence base with rigorous standards for robust and consistent data collection. The process that preceded the PKU State-of-the-Science Conference, the conference itself, and the identification of a research agenda have facilitated the development of clinical practice guidelines by professional organizations and serve as a model for other inborn errors of metabolism. |
Genomic DNA methylation changes in response to folic acid supplementation in a population-based intervention study among women of reproductive age.
Crider KS , Quinlivan EP , Berry RJ , Hao L , Li Z , Maneval D , Yang TP , Rasmussen SA , Yang Q , Zhu JH , Hu DJ , Bailey LB . PLoS One 2011 6 (12) e28144 Folate is a source of one-carbons necessary for DNA methylation, a critical epigenetic modification necessary for genomic structure and function. The use of supplemental folic acid is widespread however; the potential influence on DNA methylation is unclear. We measured global DNA methylation using DNA extracted from samples from a population-based, double-blind randomized trial of folic acid supplementation (100, 400, 4000 µg per day) taken for 6 months; including a 3 month post-supplementation sample. We observed no changes in global DNA methylation in response to up to 4,000 µg/day for 6 months supplementation in DNA extracted from uncoagulated blood (approximates circulating blood). However, when DNA methylation was determined in coagulated samples from the same individuals at the same time, significant time, dose, and MTHFR genotype-dependent changes were observed. The baseline level of DNA methylation was the same for uncoagulated and coagulated samples; marked differences between sample types were observed only after intervention. In DNA from coagulated blood, DNA methylation decreased (-14%; P<0.001) after 1 month of supplementation and 3 months after supplement withdrawal, methylation decreased an additional 23% (P<0.001) with significant variation among individuals (max+17%; min-94%). Decreases in methylation of ≥25% (vs. <25%) after discontinuation of supplementation were strongly associated with genotype: MTHFR CC vs. TT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.9, 95%CI 6.4, 26.0). The unexpected difference in DNA methylation between DNA extracted from coagulated and uncoagulated samples in response to folic acid supplementation is an important finding for evaluating use of folic acid and investigating the potential effects of folic acid supplementation on coagulation. |
Folate and DNA methylation: a review of molecular mechanisms and the evidence for folate's role.
Crider KS , Yang TP , Berry RJ , Bailey LB . Adv Nutr 2012 3 (1) 21-38 DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification critical to normal genome regulation and development. The vitamin folate is a key source of the one carbon group used to methylate DNA. Because normal mammalian development is dependent on DNA methylation, there is enormous interest in assessing the potential for changes in folate intake to modulate DNA methylation both as a biomarker for folate status and as a mechanistic link to developmental disorders and chronic diseases including cancer. This review highlights the role of DNA methylation in normal genome function, how it can be altered, and the evidence of the role of folate/folic acid in these processes. |
Folate-related gene variants in Irish families affected by neural tube defects.
Fisk Green R , Byrne J , Crider KS , Gallagher M , Koontz D , Berry RJ . Front Genet 2013 4 223 Periconceptional folic acid use can often prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). Variants of genes involved in folate metabolism in mothers and children have been associated with occurrence of NTDs. We identified Irish families with individuals affected by neural tube defects. In these families, we observed that neural tube defects and birth defects overall occurred at a higher rate in the maternal lineage compared with the paternal lineage. The goal of this study was to look for evidence for genetic effects that could explain the discrepancy in the occurrence of these birth defects in the maternal vs. paternal lineage. We genotyped blood samples from 322 individuals from NTD-affected Irish families, identified through their membership in spina bifida associations. We looked for differences in distribution in maternal vs. paternal lineages of five genetic polymorphisms: the DHFR 19 bp deletion, MTHFD1 1958G>A, MTHFR 1298A>C, MTHFR 677C>T, and SLC19A1 80A>G. In addition to looking at genotypes individually, we determined the number of genotypes associated with decreased folate metabolism in each relative ("risk genotypes") and compared the distribution of these genotypes in maternal vs. paternal relatives. Overall, maternal relatives had a higher number of genotypes associated with lower folate metabolism than paternal relatives (p = 0.017). We expected that relatives would share the same risk genotype as the individuals with NTDs and/or their mothers. However, we observed that maternal relatives had an over-abundance of any risk genotype, rather than one specific genotype. The observed genetic effects suggest an epigenetic mechanism in which decreased folate metabolism results in epigenetic alterations related to the increased rate of NTDs and other birth defects seen in the maternal lineage. Future studies on the etiology of NTDs and other birth defects could benefit from including multigenerational extended families, in order to explore potential epigenetic mechanisms. |
A brief report on juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases in the United States National ALS Registry: 2010-2018
Raymond J , Berry J , Kasarskis EJ , Larson T , Horton DK , Mehta P . Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023 1-3 Juvenile ALS (jALS) is a rare form of ALS, defined as symptom onset before age 25. This report describes the demographic characteristics of confirmed and likely jALS cases in a large cohort of ALS patients ascertained in the National ALS Registry (Registry) from 2010 to 2018. Patients in the Registry must be at least 18 years of age. Of the 44 identified patients, 37.8% were diagnosed at age 24, were more likely to be nonwhite (54.5%), male (79.5%), and live in the Midwest or Northeast regions (54.5%) of the US. Some 68.9% of the jALS cases were received from federal administrative databases, and 16% came from the web portal only. Demographic characteristics for jALS cases in the Registry differed from previous publications examining ALS cases for all adults. More research is needed to better understand risk factors contributing to jALS, which could lead to earlier diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. |
Anaplasma bovis-Like Infections in humans, United States, 2015-2017
Karpathy SE , Kingry L , Pritt BS , Berry JC , Chilton NB , Dergousoff SJ , Cortinas R , Sheldon SW , Oatman S , Anacker M , Petersen J , Paddock CD . Emerg Infect Dis 2023 29 (9) 1904-1907 We detected the DNA of an Anaplasma bovis-like bacterium in blood specimens from 4 patients from the United States with suspected tickborne illnesses. Initial molecular characterization of this novel agent reveals identity to A. bovis-like bacteria detected in Dermacentor variabilis ticks collected from multiple US states. |
Comparing Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient characteristics from the National ALS Registry and the Massachusetts ALS Registry, data through 2015
Raymond J , Punjani R , Larson T , Berry JD , Horton DK , Mehta P . Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023 1-8 OBJECTIVE: To compare, for completeness, ALS patients identified in the National ALS Registry (National Registry) from MA to those in the Massachusetts ALS Registry (MA Registry) through 2015. METHODS: Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the completeness among patients reported in both registries. Patients were matched on first and last name, month and year of birth, sex, as well as Soundex name matching. Demographics for matching and nonmatching ALS patients were also examined using bivariate analyses and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 1,042 ALS patients in the MA Registry, and 642 patients matched (61.6%) in the National Registry. Sensitivity analyses found the National Registry had a sensitivity of 87.7% and specificity of 60%. For these matched patients, 522 (81.2%) came from Medicare. Of the 400 patients in the MA Registry not matched to the National Registry, 11.1% were nonwhite, compared to 6.0% in the matched group) (p = 0.0091) and 59.2% were diagnosed before age 60, compared to 28.6% in the matched group (p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed being an ALS case (p < 0.0001) and having an ALS diagnosis at age 60 or later (p < 0.0001) were associated with being more likely to match between the two registries. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that ALS's non-notifiable condition status at the national level continues to pose a challenge in identifying all ALS patients. This analysis also showed missing cases at the state level even with a reporting statute. Additional strategies are needed for better patient-ascertainment to quantify all ALS patients in the U.S. |
COVID-19 clinical characteristics and outcomes in children and adolescents hospitalized at the university hospital of the west indies, Jamaica in 2020-2021 (preprint)
Berry CLS , Melbourne-Chambers RH , Harrison AN , Anzinger JJ , Gordon-Johnson KAM , Deyde VM , Christie CDC . medRxiv 2021 28 Background and Objectives: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MISC) carries a high attributable morbidity. We describe children aged <16 years hospitalised with COVID-19 and/or MISC, April 2020 to June 2021. Method(s): All were tested for SARS-CoV-2, infectious disease consultations performed, modified CDC criteria for MISC applied, charts reviewed and data analyzed. Result(s): Among 79 consecutive children with SARS-CoV-2, 41(52%) were hospitalised; with median age 10.5 years; Afro-Caribbean ethnicity 40(98%); males 21(51%); SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity 26 (63%), IgG/IgM positivity 7(17%), community exposures 8 (20%). MISC-cases 18 (44%) vs. non-MISC 23(56%) had fever (94% vs. 30%; p<0.01), fatigue/lethargy (41% vs. 4%; p=0.004), rhinorrhoea (28% vs. 4%; p=0.035), elevated neutrophils (100% vs. 87%; p=0.024) and >=4 abnormal inflammatory biomarkers 13 (72%). MISC-cases had >2 organ/systems (100% vs. 35%; p<0.01), including gastrointestinal (72% vs. 17%; p<0.01), haematological/coagulopathic (67% vs. 4%; p<0.01); dermatologic (56% vs. 0%; p<0.01), cardiac (17% vs. 0%; p=0.042) with Kawasaki Syndrome (44% vs. 0%; p<0.01) and pleural effusions (17% vs. 0%; p=0.042). MISC-cases were treated with intravenous immune gammaglobulin (14, 78%), aspirin (12, 68%), steroids (9, 50%) and intensive care with non-invasive ventilation (2, 11%). One (6%) with pre-morbid illness died, the remainder recovered. Conclusion(s): MISC was treated successfully with intravenous gammaglobulin, steroids and/or aspirin in 94% before cardiopulmonary decompensation, or need for inotropes, vasopressors, or invasive ventilation. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. |
Self-Reported Mask Use among Persons with or without SARS CoV-2 Vaccination -United States, December 2020-August 2021 (preprint)
Calamari LE , Weintraub WS , Santos R , Gibbs M , Bertoni AG , Ward LM , Saydah S , Plumb ID , Runyon MS , Wierzba TF , Sanders JW , Herrington D , Espeland MA , Williamson J , Mongraw-Chaffin M , Bertoni A , Alexander-Miller MA , Castri P , Mathews A , Munawar I , Seals AL , Ostasiewski B , Ballard CAP , Gurcan M , Ivanov A , Zapata GM , Westcott M , Blinson K , Blinson L , Mistysyn M , Davis D , Doomy L , Henderson P , Jessup A , Lane K , Levine B , McCanless J , McDaniel S , Melius K , O'Neill C , Pack A , Rathee R , Rushing S , Sheets J , Soots S , Wall M , Wheeler S , White J , Wilkerson L , Wilson R , Wilson K , Burcombe D , Saylor G , Lunn M , Ordonez K , O'Steen A , Wagner L , McCurdy LH , Gibbs MA , Taylor YJ , Calamari L , Tapp H , Ahmed A , Brennan M , Munn L , Dantuluri KL , Hetherington T , Lu LC , Dunn C , Hogg M , Price A , Leonidas M , Manning M , Rossman W , Gohs FX , Harris A , Priem JS , Tochiki P , Wellinsky N , Silva C , Ludden T , Hernandez J , Spencer K , McAlister L , Weintraub W , Miller K , Washington C , Moses A , Dolman S , Zelaya-Portillo J , Erkus J , Blumenthal J , Romero Barrientos RE , Bennett S , Shah S , Mathur S , Boxley C , Kolm P , Franklin E , Ahmed N , Larsen M , Oberhelman R , Keating J , Kissinger P , Schieffelin J , Yukich J , Beron A , Teigen J , Kotloff K , Chen WH , Friedman-Klabanoff D , Berry AA , Powell H , Roane L , Datar R , Correa A , Navalkele B , Min YI , Castillo A , Ward L , Santos RP , Anugu P , Gao Y , Green J , Sandlin R , Moore D , Drake L , Horton D , Johnson KL , Stover M , Lagarde WH , Daniel L , Maguire PD , Hanlon CL , McFayden L , Rigo I , Hines K , Smith L , Harris M , Lissor B , Cook V , Eversole M , Herrin T , Murphy D , Kinney L , Diehl P , Abromitis N , Pierre TSt , Heckman B , Evans D , March J , Whitlock B , Moore W , Arthur S , Conway J , Gallaher TR , Johanson M , Brown S , Dixon T , Reavis M , Henderson S , Zimmer M , Oliver D , Jackson K , Menon M , Bishop B , Roeth R , King-Thiele R , Hamrick TS , Ihmeidan A , Hinkelman A , Okafor C , Bray Brown RB , Brewster A , Bouyi D , Lamont K , Yoshinaga K , Vinod P , Peela AS , Denbel G , Lo J , Mayet-Khan M , Mittal A , Motwani R , Raafat M , Schultz E , Joseph A , Parkeh A , Patel D , Afridi B , Uschner D , Edelstein SL , Santacatterina M , Strylewicz G , Burke B , Gunaratne M , Turney M , Zhou SQ , Tjaden AH , Fette L , Buahin A , Bott M , Graziani S , Soni A , Mores C , Porzucek A , Laborde R , Acharya P , Guill L , Lamphier D , Schaefer A , Satterwhite WM , McKeague A , Ward J , Naranjo DP , Darko N , Castellon K , Brink R , Shehzad H , Kuprianov D , McGlasson D , Hayes D , Edwards S , Daphnis S , Todd B , Goodwin A , Berkelman R , Hanson K , Zeger S , Hopkins J , Reilly C , Edwards K , Gayle H , Redd S . medRxiv 2022 10 Wearing a facemask can help to decrease the transmission of COVID-19. We investigated self-reported mask use among subjects aged 18 years and older participating in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership (CRP), a prospective longitudinal COVID-19 surveillance study in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States. We included those participants who completed >=5 daily surveys each month from December 1, 2020 through August 31, 2021. Mask use was defined as self-reported use of a face mask or face covering on every interaction with others outside the household within a distance of less than 6 feet. Participants were considered vaccinated if they reported receiving >=1 COVID-19 vaccine dose. Participants (n=17,522) were 91% non-Hispanic White, 68% female, median age 57 years, 26% healthcare workers, with 95% self-reported receiving >=1 COVID-19 vaccine dose through August; mean daily survey response was 85%. Mask use was higher among vaccinated than unvaccinated participants across the study period, regardless of the month of the first dose. Mask use remained relatively stable from December 2020 through April (range 71-80% unvaccinated; 86-93% vaccinated) and declined in both groups beginning in mid-May 2021 to 34% and 42% respectively in June 2021; mask use has increased again since July 2021. Mask use by all was lower during weekends and on Christmas and Easter, regardless of vaccination status. Independent predictors of higher mask use were vaccination, age >=65 years, female sex, racial or ethnic minority group, and healthcare worker occupation, whereas a history of self-reported prior COVID-19 illness was associated with lower use. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. |
Hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C in Jamaica: A dive into the first 15 months of the novel pandemic
Berry CS , Melbourne-Chambers RH , Harrison AN , Anzinger JJ , Gordon-Johnson KM , Deyde VM , Christie CDC . Front Pediatr 2022 10 904788 OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 in children was initially mild until the emergence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). We describe pediatric COVID-19 in a developing country within the Caribbean. METHODS: Jamaican children who were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in one Caribbean regional academic referral center from April 2020 through June 2021 were included. Prospective surveillance and pediatric infectious disease consultations were performed using the CDC's MIS-C case definition. Data were extracted from patients' hospital charts using WHO's reporting form, entered into the RedCap database, and SPSS 28 was used for analysis. MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared using independent sample t-tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, p values < 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS: Seventy-nine children with COVID-19 with/without MIS-C presented to UHWI. Thirty-eight (48%) were mild ambulatory cases. Hospitalizations occurred in 41 (52%) children, with median age of 10 ½ years. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity was present in 26 (63%), Immunoglobulin M, or Immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) positivity in 8 (20%), with community exposures in 7 (17%). Eighteen (44%) MIS-C positive patients were significantly more likely than 23 MIS-C negative patients (56%) to present with fever (94% vs. 30%; p < 0.001), fatigue/lethargy (41% vs. 4%; p = 0.006), lymphadenopathy (33% vs. 0%; p = 0.003), elevated neutrophils (100% vs. 87%; p = 0.024), and ESR (78% vs. 9%; p = 0.002). Involvement of > two organ systems occurred more frequently in MIS-C positive cases (100% vs. 34%; p < 0.001), including gastrointestinal (72% vs. 17%; p < 0.001); vomiting/nausea (39% vs. 9%; p < 0.028); hematological/coagulopathic (67% vs. 4%; p < 0.001); dermatologic involvement (56% vs. 0%; p < 0.001); and mucositis (28% vs. 0%; p = 0.001). MIS-C patients had Kawasaki syndrome (44%), cardiac involvement (17%), and pleural effusions (17%). MIS-C patients had >4 abnormal inflammatory biomarkers including D-dimers, C-reactive protein, ESR, ferritin, troponins, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophils, platelets, lymphocytes, and albumen (72%). MIS-C patients were treated with intravenous immune gamma globulin (78%), aspirin (68%), steroids (50%), and non-invasive ventilation (11%). None required inotropes/vasopressors. MIS-C negative patients received standard care. All recovered except one child who was receiving renal replacement therapy and developed myocardial complications. CONCLUSIONS: In this first report of COVID-19 from the Caribbean, children and adolescents with and without MIS-C were not very severe. Critical care interventions were minimal and outcomes were excellent. |
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination during June-October 2021: A multi-site prospective study
Datar RS , Fette LM , Hinkelman AN , Hammershaimb EA , Friedman-Klabanoff DJ , Mongraw-Chaffin M , Weintraub WS , Ahmed N , Gibbs MA , Runyon MS , Plumb ID , Thompson W , Saydah S , Edelstein SL , Berry AA . Vaccine 2023 INTRODUCTION: Vaccine hesitancy presents a challenge to COVID-19 control efforts. To identify beliefs associated with delayed vaccine uptake, we developed and implemented a vaccine hesitancy survey for the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. METHODS: In June 2021, we assessed attitudes and beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccination using an online survey. Self-reported vaccination data were requested daily through October 2021. We compared responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated respondents using absolute standardized mean differences (ASMD). We assessed validity and reliability using exploratory factor analysis and identified latent factors associated with a subset of survey items. Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses assessed predictors of subsequent vaccination among those initially unvaccinated. RESULTS: In June 2021, 29,522 vaccinated and 1,272 unvaccinated participants completed surveys. Among those unvaccinated in June 2021, 559 (43.9 %) became vaccinated by October 31, 2021. In June, unvaccinated participants were less likely to feel "very concerned" about getting COVID-19 than vaccinated participants (10.6 % vs. 43.3 %, ASMD 0.792). Among those initially unvaccinated, greater intent to become vaccinated was associated with getting vaccinated and shorter time to vaccination. However, even among participants who reported no intention to become vaccinated, 28.5 % reported vaccination before study end. Two latent factors predicted subsequent vaccination-being 'more receptive' was derived from motivation to protect one's own or others' health and resume usual activities; being 'less receptive' was derived from concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. In a Cox model, both factors were partially mediated by vaccination intention. CONCLUSION: This study characterizes vaccine hesitant individuals and identifies predictors of eventual COVID-19 vaccination through October 31, 2021. Even individuals with no intention to be vaccinated can shift to vaccine uptake. Our data suggest factors of perceived severity of COVID-19 disease, vaccine safety, and trust in the vaccine development process are predictive of vaccination and may be important opportunities for ongoing interventions. |
Estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against seroconversion from SARS-CoV-2 Infection, March-October, 2021.
Plumb ID , Fette LM , Tjaden AH , Feldstein L , Saydah S , Ahmed A , Link-Gelles R , Wierzba TF , Berry AA , Friedman-Klabanoff D , Larsen MP , Runyon MS , Ward LM , Santos RP , Ward J , Weintraub WS , Edelstein S , Uschner D . Vaccine 2023 41 (15) 2596-2604 BACKGROUND: Monitoring the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections remains important to inform public health responses. Estimation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection might provide an alternative measure of the benefit of vaccination against infection. METHODS: We estimated mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against development of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in March-October 2021, during which the Delta variant became predominant. Participants were enrolled from four participating healthcare systems in the United States, and completed electronic surveys that included vaccination history. Dried blood spot specimens collected on a monthly basis were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies, and, if positive, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. We used detection of new anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection, and estimated VE by comparing 154 case-participants with new detection of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to 1,540 seronegative control-participants matched by calendar period. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated VE ≥ 14 days after the 2nd dose of an mRNA vaccine compared with no receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine dose, adjusting for age group, healthcare worker occupation, urban/suburban/rural residence, healthcare system region, and reported contact with a person testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Among individuals who completed a primary series, estimated VE against seroconversion from SARS-CoV-2 infection was 88.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-93.9%) after any mRNA vaccine, 87.8% (95% CI, 75.9%-93.8%) after BioNTech vaccine and 91.7% (95% CI, 75.7%-97.2%) after Moderna vaccine. VE was estimated to be lower ≥ 3 months after dose 2 compared with < 3 months after dose 2, and among participants who were older or had underlying health conditions, although confidence intervals overlapped between subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: VE estimates generated using infection-induced antibodies were consistent with published estimates from clinical trials and observational studies that used virologic tests to confirm infection during the same period. Our findings support recommendations for eligible adults to remain up to date with COVID-19 vaccination. |
Evidence of mpox virus infection among persons without characteristic lesions or rash presenting for first dose of JYNNEOS vaccine-District of Columbia, August 2022
Ogale YP , Baird N , Townsend MB , Berry I , Griffin I , Lee M , Ashley P , Rhodes T , Notigan T , Wynn N , Kling C , Smith T , Priyamvada L , Carson WC , Navarra T , Dawson P , Weidle PJ , Willut C , Mangla AT , Satheshkumar PS , Hutson CL , Jackson DA , Waltenburg MA . Clin Infect Dis 2023 77 (2) 298-302 We assessed mpox virus prevalence in blood, pharyngeal, and rectal specimens among persons without characteristic rash presenting for JYNNEOS vaccine. Our data indicate that the utility of risk-based screening for mpox in persons without skin lesions or rash via pharyngeal swabs, rectal swabs, and/or blood is likely limited. |
Systematic estimates of the global, regional and national under-5 mortality burden attributable to birth defects in 2000-2019: a summary of findings from the 2020 WHO estimates
Perin J , Mai CT , De Costa A , Strong K , Diaz T , Blencowe H , Berry RJ , Williams JL , Liu L . BMJ Open 2023 13 (1) e067033 OBJECTIVES: To examine the potential for bias in the estimate of under-5 mortality due to birth defects recently produced by the WHO and the Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation research group. DESIGN: Systematic analysis. METHODS: We examined the estimated number of under-5 deaths due to birth defects, the birth defect specific under-5 mortality rate, and the per cent of under-5 mortality due to birth defects, by geographic region, national income and under-5 mortality rate for three age groups from 2000 to 2019. RESULTS: The under-5 deaths per 1000 live births from birth defects fell from 3.4 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.1-3.8) in 2000 to 2.9 (UI 2.6-3.3) in 2019. The per cent of all under-5 mortality attributable to birth defects increased from 4.6% (UI 4.1%-5.1%) in 2000 to 7.6% (UI 6.9%-8.6%) in 2019. There is significant variability in mortality due to birth defects by national income level. In 2019, the under-5 mortality rate due to birth defects was less in high-income countries than in low-income and middle-income countries, 1.3 (UI 1.2-1.3) and 3.0 (UI 2.8-3.4) per 1000 live births, respectively. These mortality rates correspond to 27.7% (UI 26.6%-28.8%) of all under-5 mortality in high-income countries being due to birth defects, and 7.4% (UI 6.7%-8.2%) in low-income and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: While the under-5 mortality due to birth defects is declining, the per cent of under-5 mortality attributable to birth defects has increased, with significant variability across regions globally. The estimates in low-income and middle-income countries are likely underestimated due to the nature of the WHO estimates, which are based in part on verbal autopsy studies and should be taken as a minimum estimate. Given these limitations, comprehensive and systematic estimates of the mortality burden due to birth defects are needed to estimate the actual burden. |
Maternal Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and DNA Methylation Patterns in Adolescent Offspring.
Crider KS , Wang A , Ling H , Potischman N , Bailey RL , Lichen Y , Pfeiffer CM , Killian JK , Rose C , Sampson J , Zhu L , Berry RJ , Linet M , Yu W , Su LJ . J Nutr 2023 152 (12) 2669-2676 BACKGROUND: Folate, including the folic acid form, is a key component of the one-carbon metabolic pathway used for DNA methylation. Changes in DNA methylation patterns during critical development periods are associated with disease outcomes and are associated with changes in nutritional status in pregnancy. The long-term impact of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation patterns is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term impact of periconceptional folic acid supplementation on DNA methylation patterns, we examined the association of the recommended dosage (400 μg/d) and time period (periconceptional before pregnancy through first trimester) of folic acid supplementation with the DNA methylation patterns in the offspring at age 14-17 y compared with offspring with no supplementation. METHODS: Two geographic sites in China from the 1993-1995 Community Intervention Program of folic acid supplementation were selected for the follow-up study. DNA methylation at 402,730 CpG sites was assessed using saliva samples from 89 mothers and 179 adolescents (89 male). The mean age at saliva collection was 40 y among mothers (range: 35-54 y) and 15 y among adolescents (range: 14-17 y). Epigenome-wide analyses were conducted to assess the interactions of periconceptional folic acid exposure, the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)-C677T genotype, and epigenome-wide DNA methylation controlling for offspring sex, geographic region, and background cell composition in the saliva. RESULTS: In the primary outcome, no significant differences were observed in epigenome-wide methylation patterns between adolescents exposed and those non-exposed to maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation after adjustment for potential confounders [false discovery rate (FDR) P values < 0.05]. The MTHFR-C677T genotype did not modify this lack of association (FDR P values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there were no differences in DNA methylation between adolescents who were exposed during the critical developmental window and those not exposed to the recommended periconceptional/first-trimester dosage of folic acid. |
A revision to the United States national ALS registry's algorithm to improve case-ascertainment
Mehta P , Raymond J , Han M , Punjani R , Larson T , Berry JD , Brooks BR , Oskarrson B , Goutman S , Horton K . Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022 24 1-7 Objective: To evaluate the impact of 1) updating the existing algorithm to improve case-finding sensitivity and 2) reclassifying the Registry's diagnostic status nomenclature into four new categories ("confirmed ALS," "likely ALS," "undetermined ALS," or "not ALS") versus the current three ("definite ALS," "possible ALS," or "not ALS") to be more inclusive and descriptive of cases and individuals. Methods: A retrospective analysis of Registry data from 2011-2017 was conducted to follow "possible ALS" individuals over time to determine what qualifier caused them to convert, if at all and when, to Registry-eligible cases (i.e. "confirmed ALS" or "likely ALS"). Results: In 2011, 720 individuals were classified by the Registry algorithm as having "possible ALS". By 2017, 42% of these had converted to Registry-eligible ALS cases. Approximately 14% of those who were identified solely based on an ALS prescription drug never converted to Registry-eligible cases. This analysis indicates that "possible ALS" individuals with a single prescription for an ALS drug should be converted to Registry-eligible cases which would add between 300-500 cases per year on average. Conclusions: The Registry's existing algorithm likely results in the under-ascertainment of ALS cases. However, updating the algorithm with the inclusion of patients having been prescribed ALS-specific drugs, even with a single prescription, leads to improved epidemiologic estimates of ALS in the US. This and future algorithmic updates will help the Registry more accurately depict the true disease burden of ALS in the US. |
Parental Intentions and Perceptions Toward COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children Aged 4 Months to 4 Years - PROTECT Cohort, Four States, July 2021-May 2022.
Lutrick K , Fowlkes A , Rivers P , Herder K , Santibanez TA , LeClair L , Groover K , Lamberte JM , Grant L , Odame-Bamfo L , Ferraris MV , Phillips AL , Sokol B , Lowe AA , Mathenge C , Pubillones FA , Cottam B , McLeland-Wieser H , Jovel KS , Ochoa JS , McKell J , Berry M , Khan S , Solle NS , Rai RP , Nakayima FM , Newes-Adeyi G , Porter C , Baccam Z , Ellingson KD , Burgess JL , Gaglani M , Gwynn L , Caban-Martinez A , Yoon S . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (35) 1109-1114 What is already known on this topic? In June 2022, COVID-19 vaccines were authorized for use in children aged 6 months-5 years. Intent to vaccinate and vaccination rates in children have been low. What is added by this report? During July 2021-May 2022, in a longitudinal cohort of 393 children aged <5 years in four states, parental intent to vaccinate children against COVID-19 and perception of COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness declined over a 3-month period, but intent to vaccinate and perceptions of vaccine safety returned to baseline after 6 months. What are the implications for public health practice? Identifying and addressing barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in children aged <5 years and educating parents about COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety in young children are critical to increasing pediatric COVID-19 vaccination coverage. © 2022 Department of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved. |
Pediatric Research Observing Trends and Exposures in COVID-19 Timelines (PROTECT): Protocol for a Multisite Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Burns J , Rivers P , LeClair LB , Jovel K , Rai RP , Lowe AA , Edwards LJ , Khan SM , Mathenge C , Ferraris M , Kuntz JL , Lamberte JM , Hegmann KT , Odean MJ , McLeland-Wieser H , Beitel S , Odame-Bamfo L , Schaefer Solle N , Mak J , Phillips AL , Sokol BE , Hollister J , Ochoa JS , Grant L , Thiese MS , Jacoby KB , Lutrick K , Pubillones FA , Yoo YM , Rentz Hunt D , Ellingson K , Berry MC , Gerald JK , Lopez J , Gerald L , Wesley MG , Krupp K , Herring MK , Madhivanan P , Caban-Martinez AJ , Tyner HL , Meece JK , Yoon SK , Fowlkes AL , Naleway AL , Gwynn L , Burgess JL , Thompson MG , Olsho LE , Gaglani M . JMIR Res Protoc 2022 11 (7) e37929 BACKGROUND: Assessing the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and understanding the incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 illness in children is essential to inform policy and guide healthcare professionals advising parents and caregivers of children who test positive for SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: This report describes the objectives and methods for conducting the Pediatric Research Observing Trends and Exposures in COVID-19 Timelines (PROTECT) study. PROTECT is a longitudinal prospective pediatric cohort study designed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection among children aged 6 months to 17 years as well as differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine response between children and adolescents. METHODS: The PROTECT multisite network was initiated in July 2021 and aims to enroll approximately 2,305 children across four U.S. locations and collect data over a two-year surveillance period; the enrollment target was based on prospective power calculations and account for expected attrition and nonresponse. Study sites recruit parents and legal guardians (PLGs) of age-eligible children participating in the existing HEROES-RECOVER network as well as from surrounding communities. Child demographics, medical history, COVID-19 exposure, vaccination history, and PLGs' knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 are collected at baseline and throughout the study. Mid-turbinate nasal specimens are self- or PLG-collected weekly, regardless of symptoms, for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and the presence of COVID-like-illness (CLI) is reported. Children who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 or influenza or report CLI are monitored weekly by online surveys to report exposure and medical utilization until no longer ill. Children, with their PLG's permission, may elect to contribute blood at enrollment, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, following COVID-19 vaccination, and at the end of the study period. PROTECT uses electronic medical records (EMR) linkages where available and verifies COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations through EMR or state vaccine registries. RESULTS: Data collection began in July 2021 and is expected to continue through Spring 2023. As of 05/13/2022, 2,371 children are enrolled in PROTECT. Enrollment is ongoing at all study sites. CONCLUSIONS: As COVID-19 vaccine products are authorized for use in pediatric populations, PROTECT study data will provide real-world estimates of VE in preventing infection. In addition, this prospective cohort provides a unique opportunity to further understand SARS-CoV-2 incidence, clinical course, and key knowledge gaps that may inform public health. |
Effectiveness of 2-Dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) mRNA Vaccine in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 5-11 Years and Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years - PROTECT Cohort, July 2021-February 2022.
Fowlkes AL , Yoon SK , Lutrick K , Gwynn L , Burns J , Grant L , Phillips AL , Ellingson K , Ferraris MV , LeClair LB , Mathenge C , Yoo YM , Thiese MS , Gerald LB , Solle NS , Jeddy Z , Odame-Bamfo L , Mak J , Hegmann KT , Gerald JK , Ochoa JS , Berry M , Rose S , Lamberte JM , Madhivanan P , Pubillones FA , Rai RP , Dunnigan K , Jones JT , Krupp K , Edwards LJ , Bedrick EJ , Sokol BE , Lowe A , McLeland-Wieser H , Jovel KS , Fleary DE , Khan SM , Poe B , Hollister J , Lopez J , Rivers P , Beitel S , Tyner HL , Naleway AL , Olsho LEW , Caban-Martinez AJ , Burgess JL , Thompson MG , Gaglani M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (11) 422-428 The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was recommended by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for persons aged 12-15 years (referred to as adolescents in this report) on May 12, 2021, and for children aged 5-11 years on November 2, 2021 (1-4). Real-world data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in these age groups are needed, especially because when the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant became predominant in the United States in December 2021, early investigations of VE demonstrated a decline in protection against symptomatic infection for adolescents aged 12-15 years and adults* (5). The PROTECT(†) prospective cohort of 1,364 children and adolescents aged 5-15 years was tested weekly for SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of symptoms, and upon COVID-19-associated illness during July 25, 2021-February 12, 2022. Among unvaccinated participants (i.e., those who had received no COVID-19 vaccine doses) with any laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, those with B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant infections were more likely to report COVID-19 symptoms (66%) than were those with Omicron infections (49%). Among fully vaccinated children aged 5-11 years, VE against any symptomatic and asymptomatic Omicron infection 14-82 days (the longest interval after dose 2 in this age group) after receipt of dose 2 of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 31% (95% CI = 9%-48%), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health information, frequency of social contact, mask use, location, and local virus circulation. Among adolescents aged 12-15 years, adjusted VE 14-149 days after dose 2 was 87% (95% CI = 49%-97%) against symptomatic and asymptomatic Delta infection and 59% (95% CI = 22%-79%) against Omicron infection. Fully vaccinated participants with Omicron infection spent an average of one half day less sick in bed than did unvaccinated participants with Omicron infection. All eligible children and adolescents should remain up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations. |
Periconceptional folic acid use prevents both rare and common neural tube defects in China
Zhou Y , Crider KS , Yeung LF , Rose CE , Li Z , Berry RJ , Li S , Moore CA . Birth Defects Res 2022 114 184-196 BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects (NTDs) encompass a variety of distinct types. We assessed if the preventive effect of folic acid (FA) varied by NTD type and infant sex. METHODS: We examined all pregnancies with NTD status confirmation from a pregnancy-monitoring system in selected locations in northern and southern regions of China between 1993 and 1996. Women who took 400 μg of FA daily during 42 days after last menstrual period were considered FA users. We analyzed NTD prevalence by FA use status, NTD type, geographic region, and infant sex. RESULTS: Among 626,042 pregnancies, 700 were affected by an NTD. Among FA nonusers, 65 pregnancies (8.8 per 10,000) in the north and 51 pregnancies (1.2 per 10,000) in the south were affected by one of the two rare NTDs, that is, craniorachischisis, iniencephaly. FA use prevented occurrence of these two rare NTDs and reduced the prevalence of spina bifida (SB) by 78% (from 17.9 to 3.9 per 10,000) in the north and 51% (from 2.4 to 1.2 per 10,000) in the south. Among FA users, SB prevalence, including SB with high lesion level, was significantly reduced in both geographic regions. FA use reduced prevalence of anencephaly and encephalocele by 85% and 50%, respectively in the north, while it did not reduce the prevalence of these two NTDs in the south. There was a greater reduction in NTD prevalence in female than in male infants and fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that FA prevents the entire spectrum of NTD types. |
The association between mosaicism type and cognitive and behavioral functioning among males with fragile X syndrome.
Meng L , Kaufmann WE , Frye RE , Ong K , Kaminski JW , Velinov M , Berry-Kravis E . Am J Med Genet A 2021 188 (3) 858-866 Mosaicism in fragile X syndrome (FXS) refers to two different FMR1 allele variations: size mosaicism represents different numbers of CGG repeats between the two alleles, such that in addition to a full mutation allele there is an allele in the normal or premutation range of CGG repeats, while methylation mosaicism indicates whether a full-mutation allele is fully or partially methylated. The present study explored the association between mosaicism type and cognitive and behavioral functioning in a large sample of males 3 years and older (n = 487) with FXS, participating in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Research Database. Participants with methylation mosaicism were less severely cognitively affected as indicated by a less severe intellectual disability rating, higher intelligence quotient and adaptive behavior score, and lower social impairment score. In contrast, the presence of size mosaicism was not significantly associated with better cognitive and behavioral outcomes than full mutation. Our findings suggest that methylation mosaicism is associated with better cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior and less social impairment. Further research could assess to what extent these cognitive and behavioral differences depend on molecular diagnostic methods and the impact of mosaicism on prognosis of individuals with FXS. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. |
Recruitment of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis for Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Studies: Descriptive Study of the National ALS Registry's Research Notification Mechanism
Mehta P , Raymond J , Han MK , Larson T , Berry JD , Paganoni S , Mitsumoto H , Bedlack RS , Horton DK . J Med Internet Res 2021 23 (12) e28021 BACKGROUND: Researchers face challenges in patient recruitment, especially for rare, fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These challenges include obtaining sufficient statistical power as well as meeting eligibility requirements such as age, sex, and study proximity. Similarly, persons with ALS (PALS) face difficulty finding and enrolling in research studies for which they are eligible. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe how the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) National ALS Registry is linking PALS to scientists who are conducting research, clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. METHODS: Through the Registry's online research notification mechanism (RNM), PALS can elect to be notified about new research opportunities. This mechanism allows researchers to upload a standardized application outlining their study design and objectives, and proof of Institutional Review Board approval. If the application is approved, ATSDR queries the Registry for PALS meeting the study's specific eligibility criteria, and then distributes the researcher's study material and contact information to PALS via email. PALS then need to contact the researcher directly to take part in any research. Such an approach allows ATSDR to protect the confidentiality of Registry enrollees. RESULTS: From 2013 to 2019, a total of 46 institutions around the United States and abroad have leveraged this tool and over 600,000 emails have been sent, resulting in over 2000 patients conservatively recruited for clinical trials and epidemiological studies. Patients between the ages of 60 and 69 had the highest level of participation, whereas those between the ages of 18 and 39 and aged over 80 had the lowest. More males participated (4170/7030, 59.32%) than females (2860/7030, 40.68%). CONCLUSIONS: The National ALS Registry's RNM benefits PALS by connecting them to appropriate ALS research. Simultaneously, the system benefits researchers by expediting recruitment, increasing sample size, and efficiently identifying PALS meeting specific eligibility requirements. As more researchers learn about and use this mechanism, both PALS and researchers can hasten research and expand trial options for PALS. |
Strategies associated with COVID-19 vaccine coverage among nursing home staff.
Berry SD , Baier RR , Syme M , Gouskova N , Bishnoi C , Patel U , Leitson M , Gharpure R , Stone ND , Link-Gelles R , Gifford DR . J Am Geriatr Soc 2021 70 (1) 19-28 BACKGROUND: After the first of three COVID-19 vaccination clinics in U.S. nursing homes (NHs), the median vaccination coverage of staff was 37.5%, indicating the need to identify strategies to increase staff coverage. We aimed to compare the facility-level activities, policies, incentives, and communication methods associated with higher staff COVID-19 vaccination coverage. METHODS: Design Case-control analysis. Setting Nationally stratified random sample of 1,338 U.S. NHs participating in the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program. Participants Nursing home leadership Measurement During February 4-March 2, 2021, we surveyed NHs with low (<35%), medium (40%-60%) and high (>75%) staff vaccination coverage, to collect information on facility strategies used to encourage staff vaccination. Cases were respondents with medium and high vaccination coverage, whereas controls were respondents with low coverage. We used logistic regression modeling, adjusted for county and NH characteristics, to identify strategies associated with facility-level vaccination coverage. RESULTS: We obtained responses from 413 of 1,338 NHs (30.9%). Compared with facilities with lower staff vaccination coverage, facilities with medium or high coverage were more likely to have designated frontline staff champions (medium: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-10.3; high: aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.7) and set vaccination goals (medium: aOR 2.4, 95% 1.0-5.5; high: aOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6-8.3). NHs with high vaccination coverage were more likely to have given vaccinated staff rewards such as T-shirts compared with NHs with low coverage (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3-11.0). Use of multiple strategies was associated with greater likelihood of facilities having medium or high vaccination coverage: for example, facilities that used ≥9 strategies were three times more likely to have high staff vaccination coverage than facilities using <6 strategies (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.9). CONCLUSIONS: Use of designated champions, setting targets, and use of non-monetary awards, were associated with high NH staff COVID-19 vaccination coverage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
Recommended reporting items for epidemic forecasting and prediction research: The EPIFORGE 2020 guidelines.
Pollett S , Johansson MA , Reich NG , Brett-Major D , Del Valle SY , Venkatramanan S , Lowe R , Porco T , Berry IM , Deshpande A , Kraemer MUG , Blazes DL , Pan-Ngum W , Vespigiani A , Mate SE , Silal SP , Kandula S , Sippy R , Quandelacy TM , Morgan JJ , Ball J , Morton LC , Althouse BM , Pavlin J , van Panhuis W , Riley S , Biggerstaff M , Viboud C , Brady O , Rivers C . PLoS Med 2021 18 (10) e1003793 BACKGROUND: The importance of infectious disease epidemic forecasting and prediction research is underscored by decades of communicable disease outbreaks, including COVID-19. Unlike other fields of medical research, such as clinical trials and systematic reviews, no reporting guidelines exist for reporting epidemic forecasting and prediction research despite their utility. We therefore developed the EPIFORGE checklist, a guideline for standardized reporting of epidemic forecasting research. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We developed this checklist using a best-practice process for development of reporting guidelines, involving a Delphi process and broad consultation with an international panel of infectious disease modelers and model end users. The objectives of these guidelines are to improve the consistency, reproducibility, comparability, and quality of epidemic forecasting reporting. The guidelines are not designed to advise scientists on how to perform epidemic forecasting and prediction research, but rather to serve as a standard for reporting critical methodological details of such studies. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines have been submitted to the EQUATOR network, in addition to hosting by other dedicated webpages to facilitate feedback and journal endorsement. |
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