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Last Posted: Apr 17, 2024
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Dynamic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance model combining seroprevalence and wastewater concentrations for post-vaccine disease burden estimates
RH Holm et al, Comm Med, April 9, 2024

From the abstract: "We used weekly SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentration with a stratified random sampling of seroprevalence, and linked vaccination and hospitalization data, from April 2021–August 2021 in Jefferson County, Kentucky (USA). We show the 64% county vaccination rate translate into about a 61% decrease in SARS-CoV-2 incidence. The estimated effect of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant emergence is a 24-fold increase of infection counts, which correspond to an over 9-fold increase in wastewater concentration. Hospitalization burden and wastewater concentration have the strongest correlation (r?=?0.95) at 1 week lag."

Genomics reveals heterogeneous Plasmodium falciparum transmission and selection signals in Zambia.
Abebe A Fola et al. Commun Med (Lond) 2024 4 (1) 67

From the abstract: "We conducted genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey in Zambia, a nationally representative household survey of children under five years of age. We whole-genome sequenced and analyzed 241?P. falciparum genomes from regions with varying levels of malaria transmission across Zambia and estimated genetic metrics that are informative about transmission intensity, genetic relatedness between parasites, and selection. We provide genomic evidence of widespread within-host polygenomic infections, regardless of epidemiological characteristics, underscoring the extensive and ongoing endemic malaria transmission in Zambia. Our analysis reveals country-level clustering of parasites from Zambia and neighboring regions, with distinct separation in West Africa. "

Concerted efforts toward genomic surveillance of viral pathogens in immunocompromised individuals.
Matheus Filgueira Bezerra et al. Lancet Microbe 2024 4

From the article: "A recent study underscores the crucial need to closely monitor immunocompromised individuals with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections for emerging variants and investigate their phenotypic implications. Sequencing the genomes of the viruses from these cases would marginally elevate the cost in the whole COVID-19 genomic surveillance effort, and many countries with universal health systems could effectively integrate the tracking of prolonged COVID-19 infections in people living with HIV into their primary care programmes. "

Viral genome sequencing to decipher in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission events.
Elisabeth Esser et al. Sci Rep 2024 3 (1) 5768

From the abstract: "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need to better define in-hospital transmissions, a need that extends to all other common infectious diseases encountered in clinical settings. To evaluate how whole viral genome sequencing can contribute to deciphering nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission 926 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from 622 staff members and patients were collected. Bioinformatically defined transmission clusters inferred from viral genome sequencing were compared to those inferred from interview-based contact tracing. Clustering analysis of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences can reveal cryptic transmission events missed by classical, interview-based contact tracing, helping to decipher in-hospital transmissions. These results, in line with other studies, advocate for viral genome sequencing as a pathogen transmission surveillance tool in hospitals. "

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Disclaimer: Articles listed in the Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base are selected by the CDC Office of Public Health Genomics to provide current awareness of the literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the update, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.

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