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Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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24 hot topic(s) found with the query "Polio"

CDC planning wastewater testing for polio in select communities
CDC, November 30, 2022 Brand (Posted: Nov 30, 2022 2PM)

CDC will expand wastewater testing for poliovirus in select jurisdictions across the country. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) and Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) are among the first locations to explore plans to start collecting wastewater samples in specific communities for analysis at CDC’s polio laboratory. The findings from CDC’s strategic wastewater testing effort will help jurisdictions prioritize vaccination efforts in identified communities of concern. Wastewater testing will occur in certain counties with potentially low polio vaccination coverage, or counties with possible connections to the at-risk New York communities that are linked to a single case of paralytic polio in Rockland County, New York.

Wastewater Testing and Detection of Poliovirus Type 2 Genetically Linked to Virus Isolated from a Paralytic Polio Case — New York, March 9–October 11, 2022
AB Ryerson et al, MMWR, October 29, 2022 (Posted: Oct 28, 2022 2PM)

In July 2022, a case of paralytic poliomyelitis was confirmed in an unvaccinated adult Rockland County, New York resident; environmental sampling found evidence of poliovirus transmission. Wastewater testing has identified circulating polioviruses genetically related to virus isolated from the Rockland County patient in at least five New York counties. Public health efforts to prevent polio should focus on improving coverage with inactivated polio vaccine.

United States confirmed as country with circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus
CDC, September 13, 2022 Brand (Posted: Sep 14, 2022 3AM)

CDC today announced that polioviruses found in New York, both from the case of paralytic polio in an unvaccinated adult in Rockland County and in several wastewater samples from communities near the patient’s residence, meet the World Health Organization (WHO)’s criteria for circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) – meaning that poliovirus continues to be transmitted in Rockland County, NY, and surrounding areas.

Public Health Response to a Case of Paralytic Poliomyelitis in an Unvaccinated Person and Detection of Poliovirus in Wastewater — New York, June–August 2022
RL Gellis et al, MMWR August 16, 2022 (Posted: Aug 16, 2022 5PM)

In June 2022, poliovirus was confirmed in an unvaccinated immunocompetent adult resident of New York hospitalized with flaccid lower limb weakness. Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was isolated from the patient and identified from wastewater samples in two neighboring New York counties. Unvaccinated persons in the United States remain at risk for paralytic poliomyelitis if they are exposed to either wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus; all persons in the United States should stay up to date on recommended poliovirus vaccination.

COVID-19: endemic doesn’t mean harmless
A Katzourakis, Nature, January 24, 2022 (Posted: Jan 24, 2022 2PM)

To an epidemiologist, an endemic infection is one in which overall rates are static — not rising, not falling. More precisely, it means that the proportion of people who can get sick balances out the ‘basic reproduction number’ of the virus, the number of individuals that an infected individual would infect, assuming a population in which everyone could get sick. Yes, common colds are endemic. So are Lassa fever, malaria and polio. So was smallpox, until vaccines stamped it out. In other words, a disease can be endemic and both widespread and deadly. Malaria killed more than 600,000 people in 2020. Ten million fell ill with tuberculosis that same year and 1.5 million died. Endemic certainly does not mean that evolution has somehow tamed a pathogen so that life simply returns to ‘normal’.

The myriad ways sewage surveillance is helping fight COVID around the world
F Kreier et al, Nature News, May 10, 2021 (Posted: May 10, 2021 9AM)

Wastewater tracking was used before the pandemic to monitor for polio and illicit drug use, but interest in the field and its applications has now ballooned. The information garnered is helping scientists to track down cases, predict surges, identify where to target testing, and estimate overall numbers of infected people in cities or regions

From the Wastewater Drain, Solid Pandemic Data- The coronavirus could turn sewage surveillance into a mainstream public health practice.
A Anthes, NY Times, May 7, 2021 (Posted: May 09, 2021 7AM)

Wastewater surveillance is not a new idea.” It has been used in low- and middle-income countries in the fight to eradicate polio, for instance, and has been proposed as a way to keep tabs on noroviruses, a common cause of stomach bugs. “But really, the return on investment to build this large new infrastructure was never enough to warrant building the system for any of those other diseases, but Covid and the pandemic really changed the calculus.”

Detection of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in wastewater, using the existing environmental surveillance network: An epidemiological gateway to an early warning for COVID-19 in communities.
S Sharif et al, MEDRXIV, June 7, 2020 (Posted: Jun 08, 2020 8AM)

78 wastewater samples collected from 38 districts across Pakistan, 74 wastewater samples from existing polio environment surveillance sites, were tested for presence of SARs-CoV-2. 21 wastewater samples (27%) from 13 districts turned to be positive on RT-qPCR. These findings strengthen the use of wastewater surveillance as an early warning system for COVID-19.

Serological and metagenomic interrogation of cerebrospinal fluid implicates enteroviruses in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis
RD Schubert et al, BiorxIV preprints, June 19, 2019 (Posted: Jul 09, 2019 8AM)

Since 2014, the United States has experienced a biennial spike in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Epidemiologic evidence suggests non-polio enteroviruses are a potential etiology. This study interrogated CSF from children with AFM (n=42) and pediatric controls with other neurologic diseases (n=58).

Social Media in the Age of the "New Polio".
Bove Riley et al. The New England journal of medicine 2019 Mar (13) 1195-1197 (Posted: Mar 28, 2019 8AM)

Search for the unknown: The rise of Acute Flaccid Myelitis the puzzling, polio-like condition
NBC News, December 10, 2018 (Posted: Dec 10, 2018 1PM)

CDC investigating burst of possible new cases of polio-like paralysis, as mystery persists
H Branswell, Stat News, November 13, 2018 (Posted: Nov 14, 2018 9AM)

Using AMD methods to track polio
(Posted: Jun 12, 2017 10AM)

High-Throughput Next Generation Sequencing of Polioviruses.
Montmayeur Anna M et al. Journal of clinical microbiology 2016 Dec (Posted: Dec 14, 2016 0PM)

Environmental surveillance of poliovirus in sewage water around the introduction period for inactivated polio vaccine in Japan.
Nakamura Tomofumi et al. Applied and environmental microbiology 2015 Mar (5) 1859-64 (Posted: Nov 23, 2015 5PM)

A Step Closer to the Defeat of Polio
New York Times, November 23, 2015 (Posted: Nov 23, 2015 5PM)

Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: a systematic review and implications for polio eradication.
Guo Jean et al. Vaccine 2015 Mar 3. (10) 1235-42 (Posted: May 23, 2015 8PM)

Bioinformatics analysis and genetic diversity of the poliovirus.
Liu Yanhan et al. J. Med. Microbiol. 2014 Dec (Pt 12) 1724-31 (Posted: May 23, 2015 8PM)

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus B77 isolated from non polio acute flaccid paralytic patients in Pakistan during 2013.
Angez Mehar et al. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2015 Jan 189-95 (Posted: May 23, 2015 8PM)

Genetic analysis and characterization of wild poliovirus type 1 during sustained transmission in a population with >95% vaccine coverage, Israel 2013.
Shulman Lester M et al. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2015 Apr 1. (7) 1057-64 (Posted: May 23, 2015 8PM)

A Polio-Free U.S. Thanks to Vaccine Efforts
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

What is a “rare disease”? Polio eradication and primary immunodeficiency
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

What's the connection between polio eradication and primary immunodeficiency?
Brand (Posted: Feb 25, 2015 0PM)

Post Polio syndrome
From NCATS Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2011 0AM)


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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