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Last Posted: Apr 18, 2024
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A digital health algorithm to guide antibiotic prescription in pediatric outpatient care: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
Rainer Tan et al. Nat Med 2023 12

From the abstract: "Excessive antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance are major global public health threats. We developed ePOCT+, a digital clinical decision support algorithm in combination with C-reactive protein test, hemoglobin test, pulse oximeter and mentorship, to guide health-care providers in managing acutely sick children under 15?years old. To evaluate the impact of ePOCT+ compared to usual care, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care facilities. The use of ePOCT+ in intervention facilities resulted in a reduction in the coprimary outcome of antibiotic prescription compared to usual care (23.2% versus 70.1%, adjusted difference -46.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -57.6 to -35.2). "

Harnessing genomics for antimicrobial resistance surveillance
The Lancet Series, November 2023

From the article: "Historically, surveillance of bacteria harboring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has relied on phenotypic analysis of isolates taken from infected individuals, which provides only a low-resolution view of the epidemiology behind an individual infection or wider outbreak. Recent years have seen increasing adoption of powerful new genomic technologies with the potential to revolutionize AMR surveillance by providing a high-resolution picture of the AMR profile of the bacteria causing infections and providing real-time actionable information for treating and preventing infection. "

Global trends in the increasing prevalence of the fosfomycin resistance genenin Staphylococcus aureus
DFM Monte et al, Lancet Microbe, November 2023

From the paper: " Our results revealed that 59?065 (55·7%) of 106?005 S aureus strains harboured the fosB gene. Our comprehensive genomic analysis of the global distribution of S aureus strains carrying fosfomycin resistance genes revealed their presence in 34 countries. This prevalence extends to several continents, highlighting the widespread nature of this resistance mechanism."

Genomic surveillance for antimicrobial resistance - a One Health perspective.
Steven P Djordjevic et al. Nat Rev Genet 2023 9

From the abstract: "To understand and manage the threat posed to health (human, animal, plant and environmental) and security (food and water security and biosecurity), a multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to AMR surveillance is required. Genomic technologies have enabled monitoring of the mobilization, persistence and abundance of AMR genes and mutations within and between microbial populations. Their adoption has also allowed source-tracing of AMR pathogens and modelling of AMR evolution and transmission. "

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Disclaimer: Articles listed in the Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base are selected by the CDC Office of Public Health Genomics to provide current awareness of the literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the update, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.

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