12/20/2023

Data sharing

From the abstract: "Are organizational factors associated with the motivation of health organizations to share clinical data for artificial intelligence (AI) development? In this qualitative study, 27 leaders from 18 health organizations were interviewed, and a predominant concern among them was data privacy risks. Most stakeholders viewed these as a substantial barrier for public health data sharing due to potential liability and reputational consequences; however, they identified external incentives as key factors for enhancing organizational motivation and fostering both within and across-sector data-sharing collaborations for AI development. The findings of this study suggest that data-sharing policies should be rooted in feasibility and incentivization strategies to promote responsible and equitable AI development in the health care sector. "

Genetic risk score

From the website: "The differential performance of polygenic risk scores (PRS) by population genetic background is a well-known scientific concern and one of the most important barriers to their equitable translation for clinical use. Not only must the social repercussions of how people are grouped for test development be considered, but the communication of their context specificity and differential performance to patients and their clinicians must be carefully managed. Drawing on recent research experiences with the development, validation, and implementation of PRS for common complex disease risk, this webinar will explore the scientific and ethical considerations relevant to the widespread adoption of PRS for clinical care."

Incidental findings

From the abstract: "The UK 100,000 Genomes Project offered participants screening for additional findings (AFs) in genes associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or hereditary cancer syndromes including breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC), Lynch, familial adenomatous polyposis, MYH-associated polyposis, multiple endocrine neoplasia, von Hippel-Lindau. Here we report disclosure processes, manifestation of AF-related disease, outcomes and costs. "

Mental health

From the abstract: "Conversational artificial intelligence (AI), particularly AI-based conversational agents (CAs), is gaining traction in mental health care. Despite their growing usage, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations of their impact on mental health and well-being. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to fill this gap by synthesizing evidence on the effectiveness of AI-based CAs in improving mental health and factors influencing their effectiveness and user experience. "

Coronavirus

From the article: " Vaccinated children are less likely than unvaccinated children to develop long COVID, the myriad of symptoms that can last for months to years following a SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to a forthcoming US study. “This is really important data,” says Jessica Snowden, a paediatric infectious-disease specialist at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock. This will demonstrate to families how important it is that we protect our kids, not just from acute COVID, but from the longer-term impacts of COVID as well.”

From the abstract: "Here, in a cohort of 88,818 individuals, including 37,482 with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the RD of long-term sick-leave is 3.3% (95% CI 3.1% to 3.6%). We observe a high degree of effect heterogeneity, with conditional RDs ranging from -3.4% to 13.7%. Age, high BMI, depression, and sex are the most important variables explaining heterogeneity. "