Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to navigation Skip directly to page options Skip directly to site content


Hot Topics of the Day|PHGKB
Search PHGKB:

Archive

Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

Sign up MyPHGKB to receive the daily hot topic email alert.

Search Archive:
Archived Hot Topics of the Day By Date
204 hot topic(s) found with the query "Smoking"

Mediating Factors in the Association of Maternal Educational Level With Pregnancy Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Tormod Rogne et al. JAMA Netw Open 2024 1 (1) e2351166 (Posted: Jan 12, 2024 6AM)

From the abstract: " Which pathways mediate the inequity in pregnancy health associated with low educational attainment? In this cohort study of more than 3 million individuals, an association between genetically estimated lower educational attainment and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and offspring low birth weight was observed. A sizeable portion of these associations were explained by targetable risk factors. These findings suggest that the association of socioeconomic inequalities with adverse pregnancy outcomes may be reduced by intervening for type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and systolic blood pressure."

Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked - an emerging disease.
Jaclyn LoPiccolo et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024 1 (Posted: Jan 11, 2024 7AM)

From the abstract: " New data have provided important insights into the molecular and genomic characteristics of LCINS, which are distinct from those of smoking-associated lung cancers and directly affect treatment decisions and outcomes. Herein, we review the emerging data regarding the aetiology and features of LCINS, particularly the genetic and environmental underpinnings of this disease as well as their implications for treatment. "

Comprehensive evaluation of smoking exposures and their interactions on DNA methylation
TT Hoang et al, EBiomedicine, January 9, 2024 (Posted: Jan 10, 2024 8AM)

From the abstract: "Smoking impacts DNA methylation, but data are lacking on smoking-related differential methylation by sex or dietary intake, recent smoking cessation (<1 year), persistence of differential methylation from in utero smoking exposure, and effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We meta-analysed data from up to 15,014 adults across 5 cohorts with DNA methylation measured in blood using Illumina's EPIC array for current smoking (2560 exposed), quit < 1 year (500 exposed), in utero (286 exposed), and ETS exposure (676 exposed). We also evaluated the interaction of current smoking with sex or diet (fibre, folate, and vitamin C)."

Neighborhood Deprivation Measures and DNA Methylation Clocks-Understanding the Real Needs of Each Person.
Benjamin D Horne et al. JAMA Netw Open 2023 11 (11) e2344688 (Posted: Dec 02, 2023 9AM)

From the article: " A recent study reports a unique and powerful approach for finding neighborhood factors marking risks of early death and disease.4 Measurement of racial segregation using spatial clustering methods and separating that from economic deprivation (and education) aid in clarifying the sources of health concerns. The study uses methylation patterns which can be remodeled by many factors such as smoking, physical activity, diet, infection, and stressors from the childhood environment (eg, lack of loving adult support, malnutrition), adverse living conditions (eg, noise pollution, particulate matter air pollution), and poor interactions with others (eg, emotional or physical abuse). "

Rare coding variants in CHRNB2 reduce the likelihood of smoking.
Veera M Rajagopal et al. Nat Genet 2023 6 (Posted: Jun 13, 2023 9AM)

We performed an exome-wide association study of smoking phenotypes in up to 749,459 individuals and discovered a protective association in CHRNB2, encoding the ß2 subunit of the a4ß2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor. Rare predicted loss-of-function and likely deleterious missense variants in CHRNB2 in aggregate were associated with a 35% decreased odds for smoking heavily (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.65, confidence interval (CI)?=?0.56–0.76, P?=?1.9?×?10-8).

Potential utility of risk stratification for multicancer screening with liquid biopsy tests
ES Kim et al, NPJ Precision Oncology, April 22, 2023 (Posted: Apr 23, 2023 0PM)

We develop and validate sex-specific pan-cancer risk scores (PCRSs), defined by the combination of body mass index, smoking, family history of cancers, and cancer-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs), to predict the absolute risk of developing at least one of the many common cancer types. We demonstrate the added value of PRSs in improving the predictive performance of the risk factors only model and project the positive and negative predictive values for two promising multicancer screening tests across risk strata defined by age and PCRS.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk.
Nick Shrine et al. Nature genetics 2023 3 (3) 410-422 (Posted: Mar 15, 2023 6PM)

Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by =2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups.

The necessity of incorporating non-genetic risk factors into polygenic risk score models
S van Dam et al, Sci Reports, February 20, 2023 (Posted: Feb 20, 2023 8AM)

The growing public interest in genetic risk scores for various health conditions can be harnessed to inspire preventive health action. However, current commercially available genetic risk scores can be deceiving as they do not consider other, easily attainable risk factors, such as sex, BMI, age, smoking habits, parental disease status and physical activity. We show improved performance at identifying the 10% most at-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) by including common risk factors.

How rare mutations contribute to complex traits
LM Evans et al, Nature, February 8, 2023 (Posted: Feb 09, 2023 6AM)

Our understanding of the genetic mutations that affect complex human traits — such as height, smoking-related behaviour or the risk of diabetes — has been vastly broadened by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). But such research has focused largely on associations between traits of interest and variants that are common in the human population. Rare variants pose challenges to GWASs, because they can be studied using only large samples and in-depth genetic information, and can be more strongly confounded by non-genetic factors than can common variants,

Largest-ever analysis finds genetic links to smoking and drinking
M Naddaf, Nature Genetics, December 8, 2022 (Posted: Dec 08, 2022 1PM)

More than 3,500 genetic variations that potentially affect smoking and drinking behaviour have been identified in a study involving almost 3.4 million people with African, American, East Asian and European ancestry. The findings highlight how increasing the sample size and ethnic diversity improves the power of such genome-screening analyses — called genome-wide association studies (GWASs) — to reveal how various traits are linked to genes, combinations of genes or mutations.

Multi-omics signatures of the human early life exposome
L Maitre et al, Nature Comm, November 21, 2022 (Posted: Nov 21, 2022 8AM)

In the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project, a multi-centre cohort of 1301 mother-child pairs, we associate individual exposomes consisting of >100 chemical, outdoor, social and lifestyle exposures assessed in pregnancy and childhood, with multi-omics profiles (methylome, transcriptome, proteins and metabolites) in childhood. We identify 1170 associations, 249 in pregnancy and 921 in childhood, which reveal potential biological responses and sources of exposure. Pregnancy exposures, including maternal smoking, cadmium and molybdenum, are predominantly associated with child DNA methylation changes.

Gene-environment interactions in Alzheimer disease: the emerging role of epigenetics.
Migliore Lucia et al. Nature reviews. Neurology 2022 9 (11) 643-660 (Posted: Nov 06, 2022 1PM)

With the exception of a few monogenic forms, Alzheimer disease (AD) has a complex aetiology that is likely to involve multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors. The role of environmental factors is difficult to determine and, until a few years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying gene–environment (G?×?E) interactions in AD were largely unknown. Here, we review evidence that has emerged over the past two decades to explain how environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, alcohol, smoking and pollutants, might interact with the human genome. In particular, we discuss how various environmental AD risk factors can induce epigenetic modifications of key AD-related genes and pathways.

From the Genome to the Exposome: Mapping Causal Associations Between Environmental Factors and Population Health
D Rasooly et al, CDC Blog Post, September 6, 2022 Brand (Posted: Sep 06, 2022 0PM)

Complementary to the “genome,” which is the complete set of an individual’s genetic information, the “exposome” represents an individual’s complete set of environmental exposures throughout their lifetime. Coined in 2005, the “exposome” captures the variable and dynamic environmental exposures from the prenatal period onwards. Factors studied in the exposome extend from social differences and inequalities to behavioral factors such as tobacco smoking and physical activity. Our genome and exposome interact throughout our lives in causing various diseases.

Rare genetic variants explain missing heritability in smoking.
Jang Seon-Kyeong et al. Nature human behaviour 2022 8 (Posted: Aug 08, 2022 7AM)

We investigated the contribution of rare genetic variants to tobacco use with whole-genome sequences from up to 26,257 unrelated individuals of European ancestries and 11,743 individuals of African ancestries. Across four smoking traits, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability (h2SNP) was estimated from 0.13 to 0.28 (s.e., 0.10–0.13) in European ancestries, with 35–74% of it attributable to rare variants with minor allele frequencies between 0.01% and 1%. These heritability estimates are 1.5–4 times higher than past estimates based on common variants alone.

The oral microbiome and lung cancer risk: An analysis of 3 prospective cohort studies
E Vogtman et al, JNCI, August 5, 2022 (Posted: Aug 06, 2022 6AM)

Previous studies suggested associations between the oral microbiome and lung cancer, but studies were predominantly cross-sectional and underpowered. Multiple oral microbial measures were prospectively associated with lung cancer risk in three US cohort studies with associations varying by smoking history and histologic subtype. The oral microbiome may offer new opportunities for lung cancer prevention.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer
J Byun et al, Nature Genetics, August 1, 2022 (Posted: Aug 01, 2022 11AM)

To identify new susceptibility loci to lung cancer among diverse populations, we performed cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies in European, East Asian and African populations and discovered five loci that have not been previously reported. We replicated 26 signals and identified 10 new lead associations from previously reported loci. Rare-variant associations tended to be specific to populations, but even common-variant associations influencing smoking behavior, such as those with CHRNA5 and CYP2A6, showed population specificity.

Mendelian randomization analysis for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: studying a broad range of exposures and outcomes.
Soler Artigas María et al. International journal of epidemiology 2022 6 (Posted: Jun 18, 2022 10AM)

We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for ADHD (n?=?53?293) and 124 traits related to anthropometry, cognitive function and intelligence, early life exposures, education and employment, lifestyle and environment, longevity, neurological, and psychiatric and mental health or personality and psychosocial factors available in the MR-Base database (16?067 =n?=766?345). Our findings strengthen previous evidence of a causal effect of ADHD liability on smoking and major depression, and are consistent with a causal effect on odds of decreased average total household income [odds ratio (OR)?=?0.966, 95% credible interval (CrI)?=?(0.954, 0.979)] and increased lifetime number of sexual partners [OR?=?1.023, 95% CrI?=?(1.013, 1.033)].

Largest study of whole genome sequencing data reveals new clues to causes of cancer
Genomics England, April 21, 2022 (Posted: Apr 23, 2022 9AM)

DNA analysis of thousands of tumours from NHS patients has found a ‘treasure trove’ of clues about the causes of cancer, with genetic mutations providing a personal history of the damage and repair processes each patient has been through. Because of the vast amount of data provided by whole genome sequencing, the researchers were able to detect patterns in the DNA of cancer or ‘mutational signatures’, that provide clues about whether a patient has had a past exposure to environmental causes of cancer such as smoking or UV light, or has internal, cellular malfunctions.

Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with differential DNA methylation in peripheral blood of their grandchildren
SM Watkins et al, EJHG, March 28, 2022 (Posted: Mar 29, 2022 7AM)

We show for the first time that DNAm at a small number of loci in cord blood is associated with grandmaternal smoking in humans. In adolescents we see suggestive associations in regions of the genome which we hypothesised a priori could be involved in transgenerational transmission - we observe sex-specific associations at two sites on the X chromosome and one in an imprinting control region. All are within transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), and we observe enrichment for TFBS among the CpG sites with the strongest associations.

Culturally adapting internet- and mobile-based health promotion interventions might not be worth the effort: a systematic review and meta-analysis
S Balci et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, March 23, 2022 (Posted: Mar 24, 2022 8AM)

Out of 9438 records, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating culturally adapted health promotion IMI addressing healthy eating, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sexual health behavior, and smoking cessation included. From the included studies 10,747 participants were eligible. Culturally adapted IMI proved to be non-superior over active control conditions in short- (g?=?0.10, [95% CI -0.19 to 0.40]) and long-term (g?=?0.20, [95% CI -0.11 to 0.51]) in promoting health behavior. However, culturally adapted IMI for physical activity (k?=?3, N?=?296) compared to active controls yielded a beneficial effect in long-term (g?=?0.48, [95%CI 0.25 to 0.71]).

Gene-lifestyle interactions in the genomics of human complex traits
V Laville et al, EJHG, March 22, 2022 (Posted: Mar 23, 2022 8AM)

The role and biological significance of gene-environment interactions in human traits and diseases remain poorly understood. To address these questions, the CHARGE Gene-Lifestyle Interactions Working Group conducted series of genome-wide interaction studies (GWIS) involving up to 610,475 individuals across four ancestries for three lipids and four blood pressure traits, while accounting for interaction effects with drinking and smoking exposures.

Get Inspired to Quit With the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign
CDC, March 2022 Brand (Posted: Mar 02, 2022 8AM)

Tips Makes Quitting Personal, and It Works! From 2012 through 2018, CDC estimates that as a result of the Tips campaign: More than 1 million people successfully quit smoking and more than 16 million people attempted to quit smoking. People who smoke who have seen Tips ads report greater intentions to quit within the next 30 days, and people who smoke who have seen the ads multiple times have even greater intentions to quit. Tips helped prevent an estimated 129,000 early deaths and helped save an estimated $7.3 billion in smoking-related healthcare costs. For every $3,800 spent on the campaign, an early death is prevented.

Novel insights into the consequences of obesity: a phenotype-wide Mendelian randomization study
C He et al, EJHG January 1, 2022 (Posted: Jan 03, 2022 2PM)

Obesity is thought to significantly impact the quality of life. In this study, we sought to evaluate the health consequences of obesity on the risk of a broad spectrum of human diseases. The causal effects of exposing to obesity on health outcomes were inferred using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using a fixed effects inverse-variance weighted model. Our MR results confirmed many putative disease risks due to obesity, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, sleep disorder, gout, smoking behaviors, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes-related eye disease. The novel findings indicated that elevated red blood cell count was inferred as a mediator of BMI-induced type 2 diabetes in our bidirectional MR analysis.

Interaction of Cigarette Smoking and Polygenic Risk Score on Reduced Lung Function
W Kim et al, JAMA Network Open, December 20, 2021 (Posted: Dec 21, 2021 10AM)

Does cigarette smoking interact with genetic risk on the percent of forced vital capacity exhaled in the first second (FEV1/FVC)? In this UK Biobank cohort study of 319?730 UK citizens, FEV1/FVC was associated with polygenic risk score-by-smoking interactions, and smoking was detrimental across all categories of estimated genetic risk, although it was worse for those with the highest estimated genetic risks. For every reported 20 pack-years of smoking, individuals in the top decile compared with the bottom decile of genetic risk showed nearly twice the reduction in FEV1/FVC.

Compelling Interaction of Cigarette Smoking and Polygenetic Risk Emerges for Lung Function and COPD
DB Hancock et al, JAMA Network Open, December 20, 2021 (Posted: Dec 21, 2021 10AM)

From a public health standpoint, abstaining from smoking is key for all individuals to prevent lung disease and many other adverse health effects. Yet, smoking remains common. Targeted intervention based on genetic risk may offer a more effective strategy for individuals to succeed in quitting smoking. Smokers with high genetic risk for lung function and COPD, based on their PRS, may benefit the most from smoking cessation treatment.

Attenuation of antibody titres during 3-6 months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine depends on sex, with age and smoking as risk factors for lower antibody titres at 6 months
Y Nomura et al, MEDRXIV, November 17, 2021 (Posted: Nov 17, 2021 10AM)

Special focus issue on epigenomics and health disparities: foreword.
Argentieri M Austin et al. Epigenomics 2021 10 (Posted: Oct 15, 2021 10AM)

Although epigenomic researchers have been investigating the influences of physical environmental exposures (e.g., air pollution, contaminants and heavy metal exposures and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol and nutrition) on epigenetic mechanisms for years under the banner of ‘environmental epigenomics’, the field is at a crossroads where a fundamental rethinking of what constitutes a human environment is necessary, especially in the pursuit of understanding disparities in health and disease. It will be crucial for the field of environmental epigenomics to expand its inquiry to the entire exposome (i.e., all nongenetic influences on health, including social, economic, cultural, built environment and housing and psychosocial dimensions of life) in order to truly come to terms with the determinants of health inequality from an epigenomic perspective.

Four Things You Should Know About Arthritis
CDC, October 2021 Brand (Posted: Oct 10, 2021 7AM)

Some behaviors and characteristics, called risk factors, increase an adult’s likelihood of getting certain types of arthritis or making it worse. these include: Genetics or inherited traits, age and gender. Other risk factors are: Extra weight, joint injury or overuse, job or occupation, infection and smoking.

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in airway mucosal tissue and susceptibility in smokers
T Nakanayma et al, Cell Reports Medicine, September 27,2021 (Posted: Sep 28, 2021 2PM)

In this translational study, we discover key variabilities in the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, essential SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, among the mucosal tissues of the human proximal airways. We show that SARS-CoV-2 infection is present in all examined head & neck tissues, with a notable tropism for the nasal cavity and tracheal mucosa. Finally, we uncover an association between smoking and higher SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in the human proximal airway, which may explain the increased susceptibility of smokers to developing severe COVID-19.

Genomic and evolutionary classification of lung cancer in never smokers
T Zhang et al, Nature Genetics, September 6, 2021 (Posted: Sep 07, 2021 6AM)

Whole-genome sequencing of 232 LCINS showed 3 subtypes defined by copy number aberrations. The dominant subtype (piano), which is rare in lung cancer in smokers, features somatic UBA1 mutations, germline AR variants and stem cell-like properties, including low mutational burden, high intratumor heterogeneity, long telomeres, frequent KRAS mutations and slow growth, as suggested by the occurrence of cancer drivers’ progenitor cells many years before tumor diagnosis. The other subtypes are characterized by specific amplifications and EGFR mutations (mezzo-forte) and whole-genome doubling (forte). No strong tobacco smoking signatures were detected, even in cases with exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke.

Genetically Predicted Cigarette Smoking in Relation to Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Tao Yingli et al. Clinical epidemiology 2021 13527-532 (Posted: Jul 13, 2021 8AM)

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, Nature, July 8, 2021 (Posted: Jul 08, 2021 0PM)

We describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses comprised of up to 49,562 COVID-19 patients from 46 studies across 19 countries. We reported 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3–7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian Randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body mass index for severe COVID-19.

Health Equity for People with Disabilities
CDC, July 2021 Brand (Posted: Jul 08, 2021 8AM)

An estimated one in four, or 61 million adults in the United States reported a disability. People with disabilities (such mobility limitations, deafness and blindness, or intellectual disabilities) face many challenges to achieving optimal health and accessing high-quality health care. Data from 2019 shows, compared to people without disabilities, people with disabilities have less access to health care, have more depression and anxiety, engage more often in risky health behaviors such as smoking, and are less physically active.

Towards personalized treatment of smoking-related lung cancers
G Middleton, Nature, June 18, 2021 (Posted: Jun 20, 2021 7AM)

An innovative approach to a phase II clinical trial aims to test the effects of multiple targeted treatments simultaneously in participants in the UK National Lung Matrix Trial. The design makes it possible to study small numbers of people with rare mutations in non-small-cell lung tumours.

Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality in the UK Biobank
I Madalkatel et al, MEDRXIV, May 11, 2021 (Posted: May 12, 2021 8AM)

We use information on up to 421,111 UK Biobank participants to identify possible predictors for long-term susceptibility to severe COVID-19 infection (N =1,088) and mortality (N =376). We include 36,168 predictors in our analyses and use a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm and feature attribution based on Shapley values, together with traditional epidemiological approaches to identify possible risk factors. Our analyses show associations between socio-demographic factors (e.g. age, sex, ethnicity, education, material deprivation, accommodation type) and lifestyle indicators (e.g. smoking, physical activity, walking pace, tea intake, and dietary changes) with risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms. Blood (cystatin C, C-reactive protein, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) and urine (microalbuminuria) biomarkers measured more than 10 years earlier predicted severe COVID-19.

Central obesity, smoking habit and hypertension are associated with a blunted serological response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine
M Watanabe et al, MERXIV, April 15, 2021 (Posted: Apr 16, 2021 7AM)

Association of genetic liability to smoking initiation with e-cigarette use in young adults: A cohort study.
Khouja Jasmine N et al. PLoS medicine 2021 3 (3) e1003555 (Posted: Mar 21, 2021 7AM)

This mendelian randomization study shows that there may be a shared genetic aetiology between smoking and e-cigarette use, and also with socioeconomic position, externalizing disorders in childhood, and risky behaviour more generally. This indicates that there may be a common genetic vulnerability to both smoking and e-cigarette use, which may reflect a broad risk-taking phenotype.

Genetics of Smoking and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases A Mendelian Randomization Study
MG Levin et al, JAMA Network Open, January 19, 2021 (Posted: Jan 20, 2021 7AM)

In this mendelian randomization study including summary data for more than 1 million individuals, genetic liability to smoking was associated with increased risk of ASCVD, with the largest association with peripheral artery disease, independent from other cardiovascular risk factors.

Risk Factors for Hospitalization, Mechanical Ventilation, or Death Among 10 131 US Veterans With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
GN Ioannou et al, JAMA Network Open, September 23, 2020 (Posted: Sep 23, 2020 1PM)

In this national cohort of VA patients, most SARS-CoV-2 deaths were associated with older age, male sex, and comorbidity burden. Many factors previously reported to be associated with mortality in smaller studies were not confirmed, such as obesity, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and smoking.

Efficacy of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation A Randomized Clinical Trial
JB Bricker et al, JAMA Internal Medicine, September 21, 2020 (Posted: Sep 22, 2020 10AM)

In double-blind, individually randomized clinical trial of 2415 adult smokers with a 12-month follow-up and high retention, participants assigned to the smartphone application based on acceptance commitment therapy had 1.49 times higher odds of quitting smoking compared with the participants assigned to application based on US clinical practice guidelines.

Deep Learning Using Chest Radiographs to Identify High-Risk Smokers for Lung Cancer Screening Computed Tomography: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model.
Lu Michael T et al. Annals of internal medicine 2020 Sep (Posted: Sep 03, 2020 7AM)

Lung cancer screening with chest computed tomography (CT) reduces lung cancer death. Eligibility criteria for screening with CT require detailed smoking information and miss many incident lung cancers. An automated deep-learning approach based on chest radiographs may identify more smokers at high risk for lung cancer who could benefit from screening.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, and cancer: A mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank and international genetic consortia participants.
Larsson Susanna C et al. PLoS medicine 2020 Jul (7) e1003178 (Posted: Jul 29, 2020 8AM)

Our findings support the well-established relationship between smoking and lung cancer and suggest that smoking may also be a risk factor for cancer of the head and neck, oesophagus, stomach, cervix, and bladder. We found no evidence supporting a relationship between alcohol consumption and overall or site-specific cancer risk.

Blood DNA methylation signatures to detect dementia prior to overt clinical symptoms
PD Fransquet et al, Blood Based Biomarkers, July 2020 (Posted: Jul 22, 2020 8AM)

DNAm was measured in 73 individuals prior to dementia diagnosis and 87 cognitively healthy controls matched for age, sex, smoking, education, and baseline cognition. Discernible blood DNAm signatures are in dementia cases before the appearance of overt clinical symptoms. Further investigation is needed to determine clinical utility.

Cardiometabolic traits, sepsis and severe covid-19 with respiratory failure: a Mendelian randomization investigation
PJ Mark et al, MEDRXIV, June 20, 2020 (Posted: Jun 22, 2020 8AM)

This mendelian randomization study used the UK biobank to investigate the role of several traits with COVID-19 severity. The findings support a causal effect of elevated BMI and smoking on risk of sepsis and severe covid-19. Clinical and public health interventions targeting obesity and smoking are likely to reduce sepsis and covid-19 related morbidity,

A grim scorekeeper of biological aging
JS Stevens, Sci Trans Med, May 28, 2020 (Posted: May 29, 2020 7AM)

An epigenetic clock designed to predict time-to-death, called GrimAge, may be accelerated relative to chronological age in male combat veterans with PTSD and healthy combat-exposed veterans without PTSD. GrimAge is a marker of biological aging processes that is calculated using methylation-based markers of eight plasma proteins and a marker of smoking exposure.

Smoking Cessation—Progress, Barriers, and New Opportunities- The Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Cessation
JM Adams, JAMA, May 20, 2020 (Posted: May 21, 2020 9AM)

Taken together, the findings in this report underscore that more is known about the science of quitting smoking than ever before. It is time to put this science into use in medical clinics and practices, health departments, and hospitals, with support from city councils and civic organizations all around the US.

Opportunistic deep learning of retinal photographs: the window to the body revisited
SM Waldstein, Lancet Digital Health, May 14, 2020 (Posted: May 15, 2020 3PM)

Could a doctor ascertain a patient's age, gender, smoking status, risk of chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular mortality just by examining the ocular fundus? What sounds quite impossible to clinicians might already be achieved by new artificial intelligence tools.

Genetic evidence for protective effects of smoking and drinking behavior on Parkinson's disease: A Mendelian Randomization study
CD Baleon et al, MEDRXIV, April 24, 2020 (Posted: Apr 24, 2020 8AM)

We use a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) experimental design to infer causal relationships between smoking (initiation, age of initiation, heaviness, and cessation) and alcohol (drinks per week) consumption as exposure variables and PD as the health outcome.

Whole‐Genome Approach Discovers Novel Genetic and Nongenetic Variance Components Modulated by Lifestyle for Cardiovascular Health
X Zhou et al, JAHA, April 2020 (Posted: Apr 23, 2020 8AM)

We used a novel whole-genome approach to estimate the genetic and nongenetic effects on—and hence their predispositions to—cardiovascular risk and determined whether they vary with respect to lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake.

Incidence, clinical characteristics and prognostic factor of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
X Zhao et al, MEDRXIV, March 20, 2020 (Posted: Mar 22, 2020 11AM)

A total of 30 studies including 53000 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study, the mean age was 49.8 years and 55.5% were male. The pooled incidence of severity and mortality were 20.2% and 3.1%, respectively. The predictor for disease severity included old age, male, smoking and any comorbidity.

A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation smartphone application with a carbon monoxide checker
K Masaki et al, NPJ Digital Medicine, March 12, 2020 (Posted: Mar 12, 2020 10AM)

Augmenting standard face-to-face counseling and pharmacotherapy with a novel smartphone app, the CASC system significantly improved long-term smoking continuous abstinence rate (CAR) from weeks 9 to 24-compared to standard treatment and a minimally supportive control app.

Smoking, DNA Methylation, and Lung Function: a Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Investigate Causal Pathways.
Jamieson Emily et al. American journal of human genetics 2020 Feb (Posted: Feb 28, 2020 8AM)

By using mendelian randomization, we found evidence of shared causal variants between lung function, gene expression, and DNA methylation. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for improving lung function and possibly smoking cessation, although larger, tissue-specific datasets are required to confirm these results.

Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
AT Peters et al, JAMA Patient Page, February 18, 2020 (Posted: Feb 23, 2020 0PM)

Which patients may benefit? Some adults between ages 40 and 70 years at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and at low risk of bleeding may consider taking low-dose aspirin. Factors that put someone at risk of developing cardiovascular disease include smoking, a strong family history of heart attack, and uncontrolled blood pressure, cholesterol, or diabetes.

Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General
CDC, February 2020 Brand (Posted: Feb 13, 2020 8AM)

This report makes it clear that one of the most important actions people can take to improve their health is to quit smoking. This is true regardless of their age or how long they’ve been smoking. We know more about the science of quitting than ever before, including the role of genetic and biological factors. The report serves as a call to action to our nation.

Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium.
Yoshida Kenichi et al. Nature 2020 Jan (Posted: Jan 31, 2020 9AM)

A population of cells in individuals with a history of smoking had mutational burdens that were equivalent to those expected for people who had never smoked: these cells had less damage from tobacco-specific mutational processes, were fourfold more frequent in ex-smokers than current smokers and had longer telomeres than their more-mutated counterparts.

Smoke signals in the DNA of normal lung cells
Nature News, January 30, 2020 (Posted: Jan 31, 2020 9AM)

Healthy cells in smokers’ lungs have a high burden of mutations, similar to the mutational profile of lung cancer. Surprisingly, ex-smokers’ lungs have a large fraction of healthy cells with nearly normal profiles.

Quit Smoking for Better Health
CDC, January 2020 Brand (Posted: Jan 27, 2020 6AM)

Whether you want to quit smoking or want to help someone quit, there are more resources available today than ever before. You can find counseling in person or by phone. You can get most forms of NRT over the counter, though a prescription might be required for your insurance to cover them.

An exploration of smokeless tobacco product nucleic acids: a combined metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis.
Tyx R E et al. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2020 Jan 104(2) 751-763 (Posted: Jan 22, 2020 9AM)

Proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization study confirms a causal effect of maternal smoking on offspring birthweight, but little evidence of long-term influences on offspring health.
Yang Qian et al. International journal of epidemiology 2019 Dec (Posted: Dec 22, 2019 6PM)

Our study demonstrated how offspring genotype can be used to proxy for the mother’s genotype in gene-by-environment MR. We confirmed the causal effect of maternal (G0) smoking on offspring (G1) birthweight, but found little evidence of an effect on G1 longer-term health outcomes.

Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm-A Call to Arms?
Mell Matthew et al. JAMA network open 2019 Dec (12) e1917168 (Posted: Dec 12, 2019 9AM)

Important risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) include older age, male sex, smoking, and having a first-degree relative with an AAA. Read The USPSTF recommendation on screening for AAA based on a combination of these factors.

Smokefree Through Generations
CDC, 2019 Brand (Posted: Nov 21, 2019 11AM)

“Mom always told me: ‘never stop trying to quit,’” Dana said. She took that advice to heart. After her mother’s death, Dana finally quit for good, using medicines shown to help people quit smoking. No matter your age, quitting smoking benefits your health.

Alzheimer's Disease-Genes Do Not Equal Destiny
CDC Podcast, October 22, 2019 Brand (Posted: Oct 23, 2019 8AM)

A healthy lifestyle may help reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Two large, long term studies indicate that adequate physical activity, a nutritious diet, limited alcohol consumption, and not smoking may help-even for people at average and intermediate risk because of their genes.

Pancreatic Cancer: Patient Page
JAMA, October 2019 (Posted: Oct 13, 2019 1PM)

Conditions that increase risk of pancreatic cancer include smoking, chronic pancreatitis, obesity, long-standing diabetes, a strong family history of pancreatic cancer, and diets high in red and processed meats.

Appraising the causal relevance of DNA methylation for risk of lung cancer.
Battram Thomas et al. International journal of epidemiology 2019 Sep (Posted: Sep 26, 2019 8AM)

DNA methylation changes in peripheral blood have recently been identified in relation to lung cancer risk. Some of these changes have been suggested to mediate part of the effect of smoking on lung cancer. However, limitations with conventional mediation analyses mean that the causal nature of these methylation changes has yet to be fully elucidated.

Cognitive and Affective Responses to Mass-media Based Genetic Risk Information in a Socio-demographically Diverse Sample of Smokers.
Waters Erika A et al. Journal of health communication 2019 Sep 1-11 (Posted: Sep 18, 2019 9AM)

Ambulatory Smoking Habits Investigation based on Physiology and Context (ASSIST) using wearable sensors and mobile phones: protocol for an observational study.
Zhai Donghui et al. BMJ open 2019 Sep 9(9) e028284 (Posted: Sep 18, 2019 9AM)

E-Cigarettes: Talk to Youth About the Risks
CDC Information, 2019 Brand (Posted: Aug 21, 2019 8AM)

Identifying Smoking Environments From Images of Daily Life With Deep Learning
MM Engelhard et al, JAMA Network Open, August 2, 2019 (Posted: Aug 03, 2019 0PM)

New study offers "good news" for those with genetic risk for Alzheimer's
CBS News, July 15, 2019 (Posted: Jul 17, 2019 8AM)

A healthy lifestyle can cut your risk of developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia even if you have genes that raise your risk for these mind-destroying diseases, a large study has found. Regardless of how much genetic risk someone had, a good diet, adequate exercise, limiting alcohol and not smoking made dementia less likely.

A healthy lifestyle may offset genetic risk for Alzheimer’s
Associated Press, July 14, 2019 (via StatNews) (Posted: Jul 16, 2019 8AM)

A healthy lifestyle can cut your risk of developing Alzheimer?s or other forms of dementia even if you have genes that raise your risk for these mind-destroying diseases, a large study has found. People with high genetic risk and poor health habits were about three times more likely to develop dementia versus those with low genetic risk and good habits. Regardless of how much genetic risk someone had, a good diet, adequate exercise, limiting alcohol and not smoking made dementia less likely.

Experimental Acute Exposure to Thirdhand Smoke and Changes in the Human Nasal Epithelial Transcriptome A Randomized Clinical Trial
GL Pozuelos et al, JAMA Network Open, June 28, 2019 (Posted: Jul 01, 2019 9AM)

A randomized clinical trial exposed 4 healthy, nonsmoking women to clean air, which altered the expression of only 2 genes. When women were exposed to thirdhand smoke at least 21 days later, 389 genes associated with cell stress and survival pathways were differentially expressed. Many affected genes were associated with increased mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress, DNA repair, cell survival, and inhibition of cell death. This finding may be relevant to policy and practice

Gene Variant Associated With Menthol Cigarette Smoking in Some African Americans
J Abbasi, JAMA, June 5, 2019 (Posted: Jun 05, 2019 0PM)

WhatsApp embedded in routine service delivery for smoking cessation: effects on abstinence rates in a randomized controlled study.
Durmaz Seyfi et al. BMC public health 2019 Apr 19(1) 387 (Posted: May 29, 2019 9AM)

Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation.
Clair Carole et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2019 Mar 3CD004705 (Posted: Apr 03, 2019 9AM)

Former Smokers and Their Families Speak Out
CDC, April 2019 Brand (Posted: Apr 01, 2019 10AM)

Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids.
Bentley Amy R et al. Nature genetics 2019 Apr (4) 636-648 (Posted: Apr 01, 2019 10AM)

GWAS of smoking behaviour in 165,436 Japanese people reveals seven new loci and shared genetic architecture
N Matoba et al, Nature Human Behavior, March 25, 2019 (Posted: Mar 26, 2019 9AM)

A specific amino acid motif of HLA-DRB1 mediates risk and interacts with smoking history in Parkinson’s disease
JA Hollenbach et al, PNAS, March 25, 2019 (Posted: Mar 26, 2019 8AM)

How genes affect tobacco and alcohol use Data from 1.2 million people reveal how tobacco and alcohol use may be linked to your genes and to various
Eureka Alert, February 21, 2019 (Posted: Feb 21, 2019 9AM)

Tobacco Use By Youth Is Rising- E-cigarettes are the main reason
CDC Vital Signs, February 2019 Brand (Posted: Feb 13, 2019 9AM)

Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Based on Genetically-Informed Biomarkers: What is the Evidence?
Panagiotou Orestis A et al. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2019 Jan (Posted: Jan 30, 2019 9AM)

Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use
M Liu et al, Nature Genetics, January 14, 2019 (Posted: Jan 14, 2019 11AM)

Place-Based Inequity in Smoking Prevalence in the Largest Cities in the United States
EC Leas et al, JAMA Internal Medicine, January 2019 (Posted: Jan 14, 2019 8AM)

It’s Never Too Early to Quit Smoking
CDC, January 2019 Brand (Posted: Jan 09, 2019 0PM)

Use of polygenic risk scores of nicotine metabolism in predicting smoking behaviors.
Chen Li-Shiun et al. Pharmacogenomics 2018 Nov (Posted: Nov 19, 2018 9AM)

Most Current Smokers Desire Genetic Susceptibility Testing and Genetically-Efficacious Medication
A Chiu et al, J Neuroimmune Pharma, October 29, 2018 (Posted: Oct 30, 2018 0PM)

Predicting smoking abstinence with biological and self-report measures of adherence to varenicline: Impact on pharmacogenetic trial outcomes.
Peng Annie R et al. Drug and alcohol dependence 2018 Jun 19072-81 (Posted: Jul 11, 2018 9AM)

From genes to treatments: a systematic review of the pharmacogenetics in smoking cessation.
Salloum Naji C et al. Pharmacogenomics 2018 Jun (Posted: Jun 20, 2018 9AM)

Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Modifies the Elevated Risk by Cigarette Smoking for Disease Incidence.
Hindy George et al. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine 2018 Jan 11(1) e001856 (Posted: Jun 11, 2018 11AM)

Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011-2017.
Wang Teresa W et al. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2018 Jun (22) 629-633 (Posted: Jun 08, 2018 8AM)

Protect Your Heart from Tobacco
Brand (Posted: Jun 01, 2018 1PM)

Genomic and Bioinformatics Approaches for Analysis of Genes Associated With Cancer Risks Following Exposure to Tobacco Smoking.
Al-Obaide Mohammed A I et al. Frontiers in public health 2018 84 (Posted: Apr 23, 2018 1PM)

Dear John, There’s no point in waiting any longer. Let’s call it quits…
S Bowen et al, CDC Blog, Mar 7, 2018 Brand (Posted: Mar 07, 2018 7PM)

Factors influencing the impact of pharmacogenomic prescribing on adherence to nicotine replacement therapy: A qualitative study of participants from a randomized controlled trial.
Wright Alison J et al. Translational behavioral medicine 2018 Jan (1) 18-28 (Posted: Feb 02, 2018 10AM)

Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 2016.
Jamal Ahmed et al. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2018 Jan (2) 53-59 (Posted: Feb 01, 2018 9AM)

Toward the implementation of genomic applications for smoking cessation and smoking-related diseases.
Ramsey Alex T et al. Translational behavioral medicine 2018 Jan (1) 7-17 (Posted: Feb 01, 2018 8AM)

Gene mutation discovery research of non-smoking lung cancer patients due to indoor radon exposure.
Choi Jung Ran et al. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine 2016 13 (Posted: Jan 23, 2018 10AM)

Preparing the Way: Exploiting Genomic Medicine to Stop Smoking.
Bierut Laura J et al. Trends in molecular medicine 2018 Jan (Posted: Jan 23, 2018 9AM)

From sperm to offspring: Assessing the heritable genetic consequences of paternal smoking and potential public health impacts.
Beal Marc A et al. Mutation research 2017 Jul 26-50 (Posted: Nov 15, 2017 8AM)

Quitting Can Make You a Winner
Brand (Posted: Nov 15, 2017 8AM)

more


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
TOP