Obesity and ethnicity are well characterized risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, but the differential effects of obesity on COVID-19 outcomes by race/ethnicity has not been examined robustly in the general population. This large population-based study using linked Census and electronic health care records demonstrates that the risk of COVID-19 mortality associated with obesity is greater in ethnic minority groups compared to white populations.

Significant spatial autocorrelation exists in COVID-19 mortality in the US, and population health/socioeconomic indicators account for a considerable variability in county-level mortality. In the context of vaccine rollout in the US and globally, national and subnational estimates of burden of disease could inform optimal geographical allocation of vaccines.

Effectiveness after one dose of vaccine (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) was notably lower among persons with the delta variant (30.7%) than among those with the alpha variant (48.7%); the results were similar for both vaccines. With the BNT162b2 vaccine, the effectiveness of two doses was 93.7% among persons with the alpha variant and 88.0% among those with the delta variant. With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, the effectiveness of two doses was 74.5% among persons with the alpha variant and 67.0% among those with the delta variant.

This site provides a county-level view of COVID-19 vaccination coverage and social vulnerability measured by CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), which uses U.S. Census data on categories like poverty, housing, and vehicle access to estimate a community’s ability to respond to and recover from disasters or disease outbreaks. The footnotes describe each data source and the methods used for calculating the metrics. For the most complete and up-to-date data for any county or jurisdiction, visit the relevant health department website. Additional data and features are forthcoming.

This article estimates changes in all-cause mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic characteristics and occupation for nonelderly adults in the US, using large-scale, national survey data linked to administrative mortality records. Mortality increases were largest for adults living in correctional facilities or in health care–related group quarters, those without health insurance coverage, those with family incomes below the federal poverty level, and those in occupations with limited work-from-home options.

This Viewpoint proposes several important areas of surveillance expansion by US public health agencies and other institutions for COVID-19 testing, vaccination, infection, and mortality rates.

We analyzed 14418 COVID-19 patients in five major medical centers in New York City. Using clustering analysis, 4 biologically distinct subphenotypes were derived in the development cohort (N?=?8199). Importantly, the identified subphenotypes were highly predictive of clinical outcomes. Further analyses showed varying subphenotype prevalence across the peak of the outbreak in NYC. We also found that SDoH specifically influenced mortality outcome in Subphenotype IV, which is associated with older age, worse clinical manifestation, and high comorbidity burden.

The focus of COVID-19 response strategies has often been on behavior change as a primary means of decreasing contact networks and thus transmission chains. However, contact patterns are driven, in large part, by socioeconomic inequities and structural racism and are nonmodifiable at the individual level in the absence of specific support.

Approximately 1.2% of the global vaccine supply has been received by low-income countries and just 14% by lower-middle-income countries, which account for nearly 40% of the world?s population. In contrast, more than half the US adult population is fully vaccinated, including most health workers and individuals from vulnerable populations. Yet sub-Saharan Africa has doses to cover only an estimated 18% of health workers and older individuals. South Asia has not vaccinated all priority groups, and vaccine supplies would fully vaccinate just 9% of the total population.