Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Zhakipbayeva B[original query] |
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Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with drinking water in rural Kazakhstan: a matched case-control study
Orysbayeva M , Zhuman B , Turegeldiyeva D , Horth R , Zhakipbayeva B , Singer D , Smagul M , Nabirova D . PLoS Glob Public Health 2022 2 (12) e0001075 We conducted an outbreak investigation from June 3 to 15th in a rural village in northern Kazakhstan, after surveillance showed an increase in gastroenteritis. Cases were residents who presented for medical treatment for diarrhea, fever (>37.5 degrees C), vomiting, or weakness from May 14 to June 15, 2021. Controls were residents matched by age +or-2 years at a ratio of two controls for every case. Cases and controls were interviewed using structured questionnaires. We abstracted clinical data from medical records. We mapped cases and assessed risk for disease using conditional multivariable logistic regression. We identified 154 cases of acute gastroenteritis (attack rate of ~26 per 1,000 inhabitants). Symptoms were diarrhea, fever, vomiting, weakness, and decreased appetite. Among cases that participated (n = 107), 74% reported having drank unboiled tap water vs 18% of controls (n = 219). This was the only risk factor associated with disease (adjusted odds ratio: 18; 95% CI 9-35). Drinking water from a dispenser or carbonated drinks was protective. The city has two water supply networks; cases were clustered (107 cases in 79 households) in one. The investigation found that monitoring of quality and safety of water according to national regulations had not been conducted since 2018. No fatalities occurred, and no associated cases were reported after our investigation. Results suggest that untreated tap water was the probable source of the outbreak. The water supply had been cleaned and disinfected twice by the facility 2 days before our investigation began. Recommendations were made for regular monitoring of water supply facilities with rapid public notification when issues are detected to reduce likelihood of future drinking water associated outbreaks. |
Prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among livestock and ticks in Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan, 2017
Bryant-Genevier J , Bumburidi Y , Kazazian L , Seffren V , Head JR , Berezovskiy D , Zhakipbayeva B , Salyer SJ , Knust B , Klena JD , Chiang CF , Mirzabekova G , Rakhimov K , Koekeev J , Kartabayev K , Mamadaliyev S , Guerra M , Blanton C , Shoemaker T , Singer D , Moffett DB . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 106 (5) 1478-85 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly fatal zoonotic disease endemic to Kazakhstan. Previous work estimated the seroprevalence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) among livestock owners in the Zhambyl region of southern Kazakhstan at 1.2%. To estimate CCHFV seroprevalence among cattle and sheep, we selected 15 villages with known history of CCHFV circulation (endemic) and 15 villages without known circulation (nonendemic) by cluster sampling with probability proportional to livestock population size. We collected whole blood samples from 521 sheep and 454 cattle from randomly selected households within each village and collected ticks found on the animals. We tested livestock blood for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA; ticks were screened for CCHFV RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and CCHFV antigen by antigen-capture ELISA. We administered questionnaires covering animal demographics and livestock herd characteristics to an adult in each selected household. Overall weighted seroprevalence was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.1, 10.3) among sheep and 22.5% (95% CI: 15.8, 31.2) among cattle. CCHFV-positive tick pools were found on two sheep (2.4%, 95% CI: 0.6, 9.5) and three cattle (3.8%, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.5); three CCHFV-positive tick pools were found in nonendemic villages. Endemic villages reported higher seroprevalence among sheep (15.5% versus 2.8%, P < 0.001) but not cattle (25.9% versus 20.1%, P = 0.42). Findings suggest that the current village classification scheme may not reflect the geographic distribution of CCHFV in Zhambyl and underscore that public health measures must address the risk of CCHF even in areas without a known history of circulation. |
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