Last data update: Oct 28, 2024. (Total: 48004 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Yost D[original query] |
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Rapid diagnostic testing for response to the monkeypox outbreak - Laboratory Response Network, United States, May 17-June 30, 2022
Aden TA , Blevins P , York SW , Rager S , Balachandran D , Hutson CL , Lowe D , Mangal CN , Wolford T , Matheny A , Davidson W , Wilkins K , Cook R , Roulo RM , White MK , Berman L , Murray J , Laurance J , Francis D , Green NM , Berumen RA3rd , Gonzalez A , Evans S , Hudziec M , Noel D , Adjei M , Hovan G , Lee P , Tate L , Gose RB , Voermans R , Crew J , Adam PR , Haydel D , Lukula S , Matluk N , Shah S , Featherston J , Ware D , Pettit D , McCutchen E , Acheampong E , Buttery E , Gorzalski A , Perry M , Fowler R , Lee RB , Nickla R , Huard R , Moore A , Jones K , Johnson R , Swaney E , Jaramillo J , Reinoso Webb C , Guin B , Yost J , Atkinson A , Griffin-Thomas L , Chenette J , Gant J , Sterkel A , Ghuman HK , Lute J , Smole SC , Arora V , Demontigny CK , Bielby M , Geeter E , Newman KAM , Glazier M , Lutkemeier W , Nelson M , Martinez R , Chaitram J , Honein MA , Villanueva JM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022 71 (28) 904-907 As part of public health preparedness for infectious disease threats, CDC collaborates with other U.S. public health officials to ensure that the Laboratory Response Network (LRN) has diagnostic tools to detect Orthopoxviruses, the genus that includes Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. LRN is a network of state and local public health, federal, U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), veterinary, food, and environmental testing laboratories. CDC developed, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted 510(k) clearance* for the Non-variola Orthopoxvirus Real-time PCR Primer and Probe Set (non-variola Orthopoxvirus [NVO] assay), a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test to detect NVO. On May 17, 2022, CDC was contacted by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) regarding a suspected case of monkeypox, a disease caused by the Orthopoxvirus Monkeypox virus. Specimens were collected and tested by the Massachusetts DPH public health laboratory with LRN testing capability using the NVO assay. Nationwide, 68 LRN laboratories had capacity to test approximately 8,000 NVO tests per week during June. During May 17-June 30, LRN laboratories tested 2,009 specimens from suspected monkeypox cases. Among those, 730 (36.3%) specimens from 395 patients were positive for NVO. NVO-positive specimens from 159 persons were confirmed by CDC to be monkeypox; final characterization is pending for 236. Prompt identification of persons with infection allowed rapid response to the outbreak, including isolation and treatment of patients, administration of vaccines, and other public health action. To further facilitate access to testing and increase convenience for providers and patients by using existing provider-laboratory relationships, CDC and LRN are supporting five large commercial laboratories with a national footprint (Aegis Science, LabCorp, Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Quest Diagnostics, and Sonic Healthcare) to establish NVO testing capacity of 10,000 specimens per week per laboratory. On July 6, 2022, the first commercial laboratory began accepting specimens for NVO testing based on clinician orders. |
Proposed key characteristics of male reproductive toxicants as an approach for organizing and evaluating mechanistic evidence in human health hazard assessments
Arzuaga X , Smith MT , Gibbons CF , Skakkebaek NE , Yost EE , Beverly BEJ , Hotchkiss AK , Hauser R , Pagani RL , Schrader SM , Zeise L , Prins GS . Environ Health Perspect 2019 127 (6) 65001 BACKGROUND: Assessing chemicals for their potential to cause male reproductive toxicity involves the evaluation of evidence obtained from experimental, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. Although mechanistic evidence plays an important role in hazard identification and evidence integration, the process of identifying, screening and analyzing mechanistic studies and outcomes is a challenging exercise due to the diversity of research models and methods and the variety of known and proposed pathways for chemical-induced toxicity. Ten key characteristics of carcinogens provide a valuable tool for organizing and assessing chemical-specific data by potential mechanisms for cancer-causing agents. However, such an approach has not yet been developed for noncancer adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The objective in this study was to identify a set of key characteristics that are frequently exhibited by exogenous agents that cause male reproductive toxicity and that could be applied for identifying, organizing, and summarizing mechanistic evidence related to this outcome. DISCUSSION: The identification of eight key characteristics of male reproductive toxicants was based on a survey of known male reproductive toxicants and established mechanisms and pathways of toxicity. The eight key characteristics can provide a basis for the systematic, transparent, and objective organization of mechanistic evidence relevant to chemical-induced effects on the male reproductive system. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5045. |
Tuberculosis surveillance and control, Puerto Rico, 1898-2015
Dirlikov E , Thomas D , Yost D , Tejada-Vera B , Bermudez M , Joglar O , Chorba T . Emerg Infect Dis 2019 25 (3) 538-546 The World Health Organization recognizes Puerto Rico as an area of low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, where TB elimination is possible by 2035. To describe the current low incidence of reported cases, provide key lessons learned, and detect areas that may affect progress, we systematically reviewed the literature about the history of TB surveillance and control in Puerto Rico and supplemented this information with additional references and epidemiologic data. We reviewed 3 periods: 1898-1946 (public health efforts before the advent of TB chemotherapy); 1947-1992 (control and surveillance after the introduction of TB chemotherapy); and 1993-2015 (expanded TB control and surveillance). Although sustained surveillance, continued care, and use of newly developed strategies occurred concomitantly with decreased incidence of reported TB cases and mortality rates, factors that may affect progress remain poorly understood and include potential delayed diagnosis and underreporting, the effects of government debt and Hurricane Maria, and poverty. |
Introduction and evaluation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis supplemental surveillance in the United States
Belanger A , Morris SB , Brostrom R , Yost D , Goswami N , Oxtoby M , Moore M , Westenhouse J , Barry PM , Shah NS . J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2019 15 100090 The current tuberculosis (TB) case reporting system for the United States, the Report of Verified Case of TB (RVCT), has minimal capture of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment and adverse events. Data were abstracted in five states using the form for 13 MDR TB patients during 2012–2015. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems were used to evaluate attributes of the form. Unstructured interviews with pilot sites and stakeholders provided qualitative feedback. The form was acceptable, simple, stable, representative, and provided high-quality data but was not flexible or timely. For the 13 patients on whom data were collected, the median duration of treatment with an injectable medication was 216 days (IQR 203–252). Six (46%) patients reported a side effect requiring a medication change and eight (62%) had a side effect present at treatment completion. A standardized MDR TB supplemental surveillance form was well received by stakeholders whose feedback was critical to making modifications. The finalized form will be implemented nationally in 2020 and will provide MDR TB treatment and morbidity data in the United States to help ensure patients with MDR TB receive the most effective treatment regimens with the least toxic drugs. |
Ceragenins are active against drug-resistant Candida auris clinical isolates in planktonic and biofilm forms
Hashemi MM , Rovig J , Holden BS , Taylor MF , Weber S , Wilson J , Hilton B , Zaugg AL , Ellis SW , Yost CD , Finnegan PM , Kistler CK , Berkow EL , Deng S , Lockhart SR , Peterson M , Savage PB . J Antimicrob Chemother 2018 73 (6) 1537-1545 Background: Candida auris has emerged as a serious threat to human health. Of particular concern are the resistance profiles of many clinical isolates, with some being resistant to multiple classes of antifungals. Objectives: Measure susceptibilities of C. auris isolates, in planktonic and biofilm forms, to ceragenins (CSAs). Determine the effectiveness of selected ceragenins in gel and cream formulations in eradicating fungal infections in tissue explants. Materials and methods: A collection of 100 C. auris isolates available at CDC was screened for susceptibility to a lead ceragenin. A smaller collection was used to characterize antifungal activities of other ceragenins against organisms in planktonic and biofilm forms. Effects of ceragenins on fungal cells and biofilms were observed via microscopy. An ex vivo model of mucosal fungal infection was used to evaluate formulated forms of lead ceragenins. Results: Lead ceragenins displayed activities comparable to those of known antifungal agents against C. auris isolates with MICs of 0.5-8 mg/L and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 2-64 mg/L. No cross-resistance with other antifungals was observed. Fungal cell morphology was altered in response to ceragenin treatment. Ceragenins exhibited activity against sessile organisms in biofilms. Gel and cream formulations including 2% CSA-44 or CSA-131 resulted in reductions of over 4 logs against established fungal infections in ex vivo mucosal tissues. Conclusions: Ceragenins demonstrated activity against C. auris, suggesting that these compounds warrant further study to determine whether they can be used for topical applications to skin and mucosal tissues for treatment of infections with C. auris and other fungi. |
Risk factors for fatal outcome from Rocky Mountain spotted fever in a highly endemic area: Arizona, 2002-2011
Regan J , Traeger M , Humpherys D , Mahoney D , Martinez M , Emerson GL , Tack D , Geissler A , Yasmin S , Lawson R , Williams V , Hamilton C , Levy C , Komatsu K , Yost D , McQuiston JH . Clin Infect Dis 2015 60 (11) 1659-66 BACKGROUND: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease that now causes significant morbidity and mortality on several American Indian reservations in Arizona. Although the disease is treatable, reported RMSF case fatality rates from this region are high (7%) compared to the rest of the nation (<1%), suggesting a need to identify clinical points for intervention. METHODS: The first 205 cases from this region were reviewed and fatal RMSF cases were compared to non-fatal cases to determine clinical risk factors for fatal outcome. RESULTS: Doxycycline was initiated significantly later in fatal cases (median day 7) than non-fatal cases (median day 3), although both groups of case-patients presented for care early (median day 2). Multiple factors increased the risk of doxycycline delay and fatal outcome, such as early symptoms of nausea and diarrhea, history of alcoholism or chronic lung disease (CLD) and abnormal lab results such as elevated liver transaminases. Rash, history of tick bite, thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia were often absent at initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier treatment with doxycycline can decrease morbidity and mortality from RMSF in this region. Recognition of risk factors associated with doxycycline delay and fatal outcome, such as early gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of alcoholism or CLD, may be useful in guiding early treatment decisions. Healthcare providers should have a low threshold for initiating doxycycline whenever treating febrile or potentially septic patients from tribal lands in Arizona, even if an alternative diagnosis seems more likely and classic findings of RMSF are absent. |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever characterization and comparison to similar illnesses in a highly endemic area: Arizona, 2002-2011
Traeger MS , Regan J , Humpherys D , Mahoney D , Martinez M , Emerson GL , Tack D , Geissler A , Yasmin S , Lawson R , Hamilton C , Williams V , Levy C , Komatsu K , McQuiston J , Yost DA . Clin Infect Dis 2015 60 (11) 1650-8 BACKGROUND: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality since 2002 on tribal lands in Arizona. The explosive nature of this outbreak and the recognition of an unexpected tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, prompted an investigation to characterize RMSF in this unique setting, and compare RMSF cases to similar illnesses. METHODS: We compared medical records of 205 RMSF cases and 175 non-RMSF illnesses that prompted RMSF testing during 2002-2011 from two Indian reservations in Arizona. RESULTS: RMSF cases occurred year-round and peaked later (July-September) than RMSF cases reported from other U.S regions. Cases were younger (median age 11 years) and reported fever and rash less frequently as well as less tick exposure compared to other U.S. cases. Fever was present in 81% of cases but not significantly different from that in non-RMSF illnesses. Classic laboratory abnormalities such as low sodium and platelet counts had small and subtle differences between cases and non-RMSF illnesses. Imaging studies reflected the variability and complexity of the illness, but proved unhelpful in clarifying the early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: RMSF epidemiology in this region appears different than RMSF elsewhere in the U.S. No specific pattern of signs, symptoms or laboratory findings occurred with enough frequency to consistently differentiate RMSF from other illnesses. Due to the non-specific and variable nature of RMSF presentations, clinicians in this region should aggressively treat febrile illnesses and sepsis with doxycycline for suspected RMSF. |
Response to importation of a case of Ebola virus disease - Ohio, October 2014
McCarty CL , Basler C , Karwowski M , Erme M , Nixon G , Kippes C , Allan T , Parrilla T , DiOrio M , Fijter Sd , Stone ND , Yost DA , Lippold SA , Regan JJ , Honein MA , Knust B , Braden C . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014 63 (46) 1089-91 On September 30, 2014, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported a case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) diagnosed in Dallas, Texas, and confirmed by CDC, the first case of Ebola diagnosed in the United States. The patient (patient 1) had traveled from Liberia, a country which, along with Sierra Leone and Guinea, is currently experiencing the largest recorded Ebola outbreak. A nurse (patient 2) who provided hospital bedside care to patient 1 in Texas visited an emergency department (ED) with fever and was diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed Ebola on October 11, and a second nurse (patient 3) who also provided hospital bedside care visited an ED with fever and rash on October 14 and was diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed Ebola on October 15. Patient 3 visited Ohio during October 10-13, traveling by commercial airline between Dallas, Texas, and Cleveland, Ohio. Based on the medical history and clinical and laboratory findings on October 14, the date of illness onset was uncertain; therefore, CDC, in collaboration with state and local partners, included the period October 10-13 as being part of the potentially infectious period, out of an abundance of caution to ensure all potential contacts were monitored. On October 15, the Ohio Department of Health requested CDC assistance to identify and monitor contacts of patient 3, assess the risk for disease transmission, provide infection control recommendations, and assess and guide regional health care system preparedness. The description of this contact investigation and hospital assessment is provided to help other states in planning for similar events. |
Understanding factors that influence protective glove use among automotive spray painters
Ceballos D , Reeb-Whitaker C , Glazer P , Murphy-Robinson H , Yost M . J Occup Environ Hyg 2014 11 (5) 306-13 Dermal contact with isocyanate-based coatings may lead to systemic respiratory sensitization. The most common isocyanates found in sprayed automotive coatings are monomeric and oligomeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Most spray painters use thin (4-5 mil) latex gloves that are not effective at preventing dermal exposures when spraying isocyanate paints. Personal interviews with collision repair industry personnel and focus groups with spray painters were held to characterize risk awareness, to examine perceptions and challenges concerning protective glove use and selection, and to generate ideas for protective glove use interventions. The most popular gloves among spray painters were thin (4-5 mil) and thick (14 mil) latex. We found that medium to thick (6-8 mil) nitrile were not always perceived as comfortable and were expected to be more expensive than thin (4-5 mil) latex gloves. Of concern is the user's difficulty in distinguishing between nitrile and latex gloves; latex gloves are now sold in different colors including blue, which has traditionally been associated with nitrile gloves. Even though spray painters were familiar with the health hazards related to working with isocyanate paints, most were not always aware that dermal exposure to isocyanates could contribute to the development of occupational asthma. There is a need for more research to identify dermal materials that are protective against sprayed automotive coatings. Automotive spray painters and their employers need to be educated in the selection and use of protective gloves, specifically on attributes such as glove material, color, and thickness. |
Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2011-30 November 2011.
Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium , Abreu AG , Albaina A , Alpermann TJ , Apkenas VE , Bankhead-Dronnet S , Bergek S , Berumen ML , Cho CH , Clobert J , Coulon A , DEFeraudy D , Estonba A , Hankeln T , Hochkirch A , Hsu TW , Huang TJ , Irigoien X , Iriondo M , Kay KM , Kinitz T , Kothera L , LEHenanff M , Lieutier F , Lourdais O , Macrini CM , Manzano C , Martin C , Morris VR , Nanninga G , Pardo MA , Plieske J , Pointeau S , Prestegaard T , Quack M , Richard M , Savage HM , Schwarcz KD , Shade J , Simms EL , Solferini VN , Stevens VM , Veith M , Wen MJ , Wicker F , Yost JM , Zarraonaindia I . Mol Ecol Resour 2012 12 (2) 374-6 This article documents the addition of 139 microsatellite marker loci and 90 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Aglaoctenus lagotis, Costus pulverulentus, Costus scaber, Culex pipiens, Dascyllus marginatus, Lupinus nanus Benth, Phloeomyzus passerini, Podarcis muralis, Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata var. taiwanalpinum and Zoarces viviparus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Culex quinquefasciatus, Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Hay. ssp. morii (Hay.) Yamazaki and R. pseudochrysanthum Hayata. This article also documents the addition of 48 sequencing primer pairs and 90 allele-specific primers for Engraulis encrasicolus. |
Investigation of a mumps outbreak among university students with two measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations, Virginia, September-December 2006
Rota JS , Turner JC , Yost-Daljev MK , Freeman M , Toney DM , Meisel E , Williams N , Sowers SB , Lowe L , Rota PA , Nicolai LA , Peake L , Bellini WJ . J Med Virol 2009 81 (10) 1819-1825 Following the clinical diagnosis of the first case of mumps on September 22, 2006 at the University of Virginia (UVA), 52 suspected cases were identified through active surveillance for mumps by the end of December 2006. Samples were collected from 47 students who presented with parotitis despite a documented history of two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Six of 47 serum samples (13%) were positive for mumps IgM, and 46/47 specimens were positive for mumps IgG. Endpoint titration of acute phase serum samples from laboratory-confirmed cases did not provide evidence that elevated serum IgG is a consistent marker for infection among cases due to secondary vaccine failure. Buccal swab samples from 39 of the 47 students were tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or viral culture. Mumps virus or mumps RNA was detected in 12 of 39 buccal samples (31%). Genetic analysis of the virus from the outbreak at UVA indicated that the outbreak was not linked to the large mumps outbreak in the Midwestern US that occurred earlier in 2006. Our findings support the use of viral detection to improve laboratory diagnosis of mumps among persons who have received two doses of MMR. J. Med. Virol. 81:1819-1825, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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