Last data update: Jul 01, 2024. (Total: 47134 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Wu HS [original query] |
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Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of norovirus GII.4 Sydney outbreaks in Taiwan, January 2012-December 2013.
Wu FT , Chen HC , Yen C , Wu CY , Katayama K , Park Y , Hall AJ , Vinje J , Huang JC , Wu HS . J Med Virol 2015 87 (9) 1462-70 ![]() In 2012, a new norovirus GII.4 variant (GII.4 Sydney) emerged and caused the majority of the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Australia, Asia, Europe, and North America. We examined the epidemiologic and molecular virologic characteristics of reported acute gastroenteritis outbreaks determined to be caused by norovirus in Taiwan from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 253 (45.7%) of 552 reported acute gastroenteritis outbreaks tested positive for norovirus, of which 165 (65.5%) were typed as GII.4 Sydney. GII.4 Sydney outbreaks were reported from all geographic areas of Taiwan and occurred most frequently in schools (35.8%) and long-term care facilities (24.2%). Person-to-person transmission was identified in 116 (70.3%) of the outbreaks. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length ORF2 of eight specimens indicated that GII.4 Sydney strains detected in Taiwan were closely related to strains detected globally. Continued outbreak surveillance and strain typing are needed to provide information on epidemiologic and virologic trends of novel norovirus strains. |
Molecular epidemiology of human G2P[4] rotaviruses in Taiwan, 2004-2011.
Wu FT , Banyai K , Jiang B , Wu CY , Chen HC , Feher E , Huang YC , Hsiung CA , Huang JC , Wu HS . Infect Genet Evol 2014 28 530-6 ![]() In 2006, two rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) became available on the private market in Taiwan. Although vaccine coverage is currently low, molecular surveillance of rotavirus strains can provide pertinent information for evaluation of the potential impact of vaccine introduction and infection control. During January 2008-December 2011, children aged <5years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled from sentinel surveillance hospitals in three geographic areas of Taiwan. Fecal specimens collected from enrolled patients were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. For genotyping, gene specific primer sets were used to amplify and sequence the genes encoding the neutralization antigens, VP7 and VP4. The resulting sequences were then subjected to phylogenetic analysis. In brief, a total of 4052 fecal specimens were tested and 742 (18%) samples were positive for rotavirus. The annual range of rotavirus positive specimens varied between 16% and 20.7%. Of all specimens, genotype G1P[8] (63.3%) was the predominant strain, followed by G2P[4] (12.5%), G3P[8] (11.7%), and G9P[8] (5.1%). Uncommon strains were also detected in low percentages. We observed that the rotavirus positivity rate steadily decreased from 21% to 16% during 2008-2010, then slightly increased to 20% in 2011, when an increase in the number of G2P[4] cases was observed. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis was carried out to help understand any potential changes of G2P[4] rotaviruses over time. A number of G2P[4] strains collected between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed in detail and our analyses showed marked genetic and antigenic variability in the VP7 and VP4 genes. The Taiwanese strains could be classified into two major G2 VP7 lineages (IV and V) and two major P[4] VP4 lineages (IV and V) and several minor sublineages within lineage IV. Lineage V within both G2 and P[4] represented newly recognized genetic variants of the respective genotypes. The distribution of individual combinations of the G2 and P[4] (sub)lineages showed some temporal variations. This study provides further evidence for the great genetic diversity among G2P[4] strains and helps understand the epidemiological trends of these strains among children in Taiwan. |
Characterization of drug-resistant influenza A(H7N9) variant viruses isolated from an oseltamivir-treated patient in Taiwan
Marjuki H , Mishin VP , Chesnokov AP , Jones J , De La Cruz JA , Sleeman K , Tamura D , Nguyen HT , Wu HS , Chang FY , Liu MT , Fry AM , Cox NJ , Villanueva JM , Davis CT , Gubareva LV . J Infect Dis 2014 211 (2) 249-57 BACKGROUND: Patients contracting influenza A(H7N9) often developed severe disease causing respiratory failure. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the primary option for treatment, but information on drug-resistance markers for A(H7N9) is limited. METHODS: Four NA variants of A/Taiwan/1/2013 (H7N9) virus containing a single substitution (NA-E119 V, NA-I222 K, NA-I222R or NA-R292 K), recovered from an oseltamivir-treated patient, were tested for NAI susceptibility in vitro; their replicative fitness was evaluated in cell culture, mice and ferrets. RESULTS: NA-R292 K led to highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and peramivir, while NA-E119 V, NA-I222 K and NA-I222R caused reduced inhibition by oseltamivir. Mice infected with any virus showed severe clinical signs with high mortality rates. NA-I222 K virus was the most virulent in mice, whereas virus lacking NA change (NA-WT) and NA-R292 K virus seemed the least virulent. Sequence analysis suggests that PB2-S714N increased virulence of the NA-I222 K virus in mice; NS1-K126R, alone or in combination with PB2-V227M, produced contrasting effects in NA-WT and NA-R292 K viruses. In ferrets, all viruses replicated to high titers in the upper respiratory tract, but produced only mild illness. NA-R292 K virus, showed reduced replicative fitness in this animal model. CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlight challenges in assessment of replicative fitness of H7N9 NA variants emerged in NAI-treated patients. |
Effectiveness of 2 rotavirus vaccines against rotavirus disease in Taiwanese infants
Chang WC , Yen C , Wu FT , Huang YC , Lin JS , Huang FC , Yu HT , Chi CL , Lin HY , Tate JE , Parashar UD , Wu HS , Hsiung CA . Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014 33 (3) e81-6 BACKGROUND: Two rotavirus (RV) vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) are available on the private market in Taiwan, but are not recommended for routine use. We examined RV vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe RV acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among Taiwanese infants to inform policymakers on the potential benefits of national RV vaccine introduction. METHODS: From May 2009 to April 2011, a case-control assessment of VE against severe RV AGE was conducted at 3 hospital-based surveillance sites in Taiwan. Case-patients included children aged 8-35 months, hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RV AGE. Controls included children age-matched within 1 month of age of the case-patient, hospitalized with RV-negative AGE or seen for non-AGE illnesses at the same hospitals. Vaccination history was confirmed through vaccination card or hospital record review. VE was calculated as (1 - odds ratio of vaccination)x100%. RESULTS: We enrolled 184 case-patients with RV AGE, 904 RV-negative AGE and 909 non-AGE controls. Two-dose Rotarix series VE against RV gastroenteritis hospitalization was 90.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 70.3%, 98.1%) and 92.5% (95% CI: 77.1%, 98.5%) with RV-negative AGE and non-AGE controls, respectively. Three-dose RotaTeq series VE was 96.8% (95% CI: 82.3%, 100%) and 97.1% (95% CI: 84%, 100%) with RV-negative AGE and non-AGE controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both vaccines provided excellent protection against severe RV AGE hospitalization. Addition of RV vaccination into Taiwan's National Immunization Program could substantially decrease AGE hospitalizations among children <3 years. Our findings should help inform policymakers in Taiwan and other similar Asian countries when deciding whether to include RV vaccination into their national immunization programs. |
Identification of a G8P[14] rotavirus isolate obtained from a Taiwanese child: evidence for a relationship with bovine rotaviruses
Wu FT , Banyai K , Wu HS , Yang DC , Lin JS , Hsiung CA , Huang YC , Hwang KP , Jiang B , Gentsch JR . Jpn J Infect Dis 2012 65 (5) 455-7 Systematic hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus strains has been conducted in Taiwan to track baseline strain prevalence before and during the introduction of vaccines and to document any strain changes that occur as vaccine use increases (1). Both Rotarix and RotaTeq have been available via Taiwan's private pharmaceutical market since September 2006. As a result of more rigorous surveillance and the exclusive use of gene sequencing for strain genotyping, a variety of unusual strains were detected between 2005 and 2010 (2,3). A strain with rare VP7 and VP4 genotypes, RVA/Human-wt/TWN/04-97s379/2008/G8P[14] (hereafter referred to as 04-97s379), was identified in a 23-month-old boy treated for fever, diarrhea, and vomiting at an outpatient clinic in Changhua, Taiwan. This was the only G8P[14] strain identified among the 1,273 human rotaviruses that were genotyped during this 6-year surveillance period in Taiwan. Because human G8P[14] strains have only been reported in a few countries, including only a single country in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, Australia (4), it was of interest to characterize the G8P[14] rotavirus strain detected in Taiwan. | The oligonucleotide primers used to amplify and sequence full-length or partial open reading frames of the VP7 (1,062 bp), VP4 (831 bp), VP6 (1,356 bp), and NSP4 (738 bp) genes (GenBank accession numbers, JX1543843, JX1542665, JX1543853, and JX1542003, respectively) have been described elsewhere (3). For phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide sequences of related strains were retrieved from GenBank and compared with the Taiwanese strain 04-97s379 using the MEGA4 software (5). |
Putative canine origin of rotavirus strain detected in a child with diarrhea, Taiwan
Wu FT , Banyai K , Lin JS , Wu HS , Hsiung CA , Huang YC , Hwang KP , Jiang B , Gentsch JR . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011 12 (2) 170-3 ![]() Rotavirus G3P[3] strains have been reported from a variety of species including humans, cats, dogs, monkeys, goats, and cows. Here, we report the characterization of the first human G3P[3] rotavirus from East Asia identified in a 2-year-old child who was treated in a hospital's emergency ward in Taiwan in February 2005. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close genetic relationship between the VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of Taiwanese G3P[3] strain 04-94s51 and an Italian canine strain isolated a decade ago, suggesting a canine origin for the Taiwanese strain. In contrast, the Taiwanese strain was only moderately related to well-characterized canine-origin human G3P[3] strains Ro1845 and HCR3, suggesting a distinct origin for the rotavirus strain from Taiwan. |
Human infection with novel G3P[25] rotavirus strain in Taiwan.
Wu FT , Banyai K , Huang JC , Wu HS , Chang FY , Hsiung CA , Huang YC , Lin JS , Hwang KP , Jiang B , Gentsch JR . Clin Microbiol Infect 2011 17 (10) 1570-1573 ![]() Genotype P[25] rotaviruses are rare and to date have been reported to occur only in a few countries of mainland Asia. Here we report the molecular characterization of a novel human rotavirus genotype combination, G3P[25], detected in a 17-month-old child hospitalized due to severe gastroenteritis during 2009 in central Taiwan. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene demonstrated a distinct origin from other strains bearing the P[25] VP4 gene, whereas the VP7, VP6 and NSP4 gene phylogenies identified common origins with cognate genes of other, presumed human-porcine reassortment Taiwanese strains. These results suggest that interactions between human and animal strains appear to contribute to the generation of genetic and antigenic diversity of rotavirus strains, with potential public health importance in Taiwan. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1570-1573 |
Diverse origin of P[19] rotaviruses in children with acute diarrhea in Taiwan: Detection of novel lineages of the G3, G5, and G9 VP7 genes.
Wu FT , Banyai K , Huang JC , Wu HS , Chang FY , Yang JY , Hsiung CA , Huang YC , Lin JS , Hwang KP , Jiang B , Gentsch JR . J Med Virol 2011 83 (7) 1279-87 ![]() We previously reported the detection of genotype P[19] rotavirus strains from children hospitalized with acute dehydrating diarrhea during a 5-year surveillance period in Taiwan. The characterization of five P[19] strains (0.4% of all typed), including three G3P[19], a novel G5P[19], and a unique G9P[19] genotype is described in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4, VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes was performed, which demonstrated novel lineages for respective genotypes of the VP4 and the VP7 genes. The sequence similarities of the P[19] VP4 gene among Taiwanese human strains was higher (nt, 91.5-96.2%; aa, 93.7-97.6%) than to other P[19] strains (nt, 83.5-86.6%; aa, 89.4-94.1%) from different regions of the world. The VP7 gene of the three G3P[19] Taiwanese strains shared up to 93.4% nt and 97.5% aa identity to each other but had lower similarity to reference strain sequences available in GenBank (nt, <90.1%; aa, <95.6%). Similarly, the VP7 gene of the novel G5P[19] strain was only moderately related to the VP7 gene of reference G5 strains (nt, 82.2-87.3%; aa, 87.0-93.1%), while the VP7 gene of the single G9P[19] strain was genetically distinct from other known human and animal G9 rotavirus strains (nt, ≤92.0%; aa, ≤95.7%). Together, these findings suggest that the Taiwanese P[19] strains originated by independent interspecies transmission events. Synchronized surveillance of human and animal rotaviruses in Taiwan should identify possible hosts of these uncommon human rotavirus strains. J. Med. Virol. 83:1279-1287, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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