Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-17 (of 17 Records) |
Query Trace: Turnsek M[original query] |
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Characterization of a nonagglutinating toxigenic vibrio cholerae isolate
Gladney LM , Griswold T , Turnsek M , Im MS , Parsons MMB , Katz LS , Tarr CL , Lee CC . Microbiol Spectr 2023 11 (3) e0018223 ![]() Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 is the etiologic agent of the disease cholera, and strains of this serogroup are responsible for pandemics. A few other serogroups have been found to carry cholera toxin genes-most notably, O139, O75, and O141-and public health surveillance in the United States is focused on these four serogroups. A toxigenic isolate was recovered from a case of vibriosis from Texas in 2008. This isolate did not agglutinate with any of the four different serogroups' antisera (O1, O139, O75, or O141) routinely used in phenotypic testing and did not display a rough phenotype. We investigated several hypotheses that might explain the recovery of this potential nonagglutinating (NAG) strain using whole-genome sequencing analysis and phylogenetic methods. The NAG strain formed a monophyletic cluster with O141 strains in a whole-genome phylogeny. Furthermore, a phylogeny of ctxAB and tcpA sequences revealed that the sequences from the NAG strain also formed a monophyletic cluster with toxigenic U.S. Gulf Coast (USGC) strains (O1, O75, and O141) that were recovered from vibriosis cases associated with exposures to Gulf Coast waters. A comparison of the NAG whole-genome sequence showed that the O-antigen-determining region of the NAG strain was closely related to those of O141 strains, and specific mutations were likely responsible for the inability to agglutinate. This work shows the utility of whole-genome sequence analysis tools for characterization of an atypical clinical isolate of V. cholerae originating from a USGC state. IMPORTANCE Clinical cases of vibriosis are on the rise due to climate events and ocean warming (1, 2), and increased surveillance of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains is now more crucial than ever. While traditional phenotyping using antisera against O1 and O139 is useful for monitoring currently circulating strains with pandemic or epidemic potential, reagents are limited for non-O1/non-O139 strains. With the increased use of next-generation sequencing technologies, analysis of less well-characterized strains and O-antigen regions is possible. The framework for advanced molecular analysis of O-antigen-determining regions presented herein will be useful in the absence of reagents for serotyping. Furthermore, molecular analyses based on whole-genome sequence data and using phylogenetic methods will help characterize both historical and novel strains of clinical importance. Closely monitoring emerging mutations and trends will improve our understanding of the epidemic potential of Vibrio cholerae to anticipate and rapidly respond to future public health emergencies. |
Genome Sequences from a Reemergence of Vibrio cholerae in Haiti, 2022 Reveal Relatedness to Previously Circulating Strains.
Walters C , Chen J , Stroika S , Katz LS , Turnsek M , Compère V , Im MS , Gomez S , McCullough A , Landaverde C , Putney J , Caidi H , Folster J , Carleton HA , Boncy J , Lee CC . J Clin Microbiol 2023 61 (3) e0014223 ![]() ![]() After more than 3 years without a documented cholera case, the Republic of Haiti reported its first resurgent case on 30 September 2022 (1–3). As of 18 February 2023, more than 27,000 cholera cases have been hospitalized and 594 deaths confirmed from all 10 departments (4). Here, we describe Vibrio cholerae isolates first characterized by the Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP) and include both genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was compared with recently circulating cholera toxin-producing V. cholerae O1 in a maximum likelihood phylogeny. |
Ebola Virus Disease Diagnostics, Sierra Leone: Analysis of Real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Values for Clinical Blood and Oral Swab Specimens.
Erickson BR , Sealy TK , Flietstra T , Morgan L , Kargbo B , Matt-Lebby VE , Gibbons A , Chakrabarti AK , Graziano J , Presser L , Flint M , Bird BH , Brown S , Klena JD , Blau DM , Brault AC , Belser JA , Salzer JS , Schuh AJ , Lo M , Zivcec M , Priestley RA , Pyle M , Goodman C , Bearden S , Amman BR , Basile A , Bergeron E , Bowen MD , Dodd KA , Freeman MM , McMullan LK , Paddock CD , Russell BJ , Sanchez AJ , Towner JS , Wang D , Zemtsova GE , Stoddard RA , Turnsek M , Guerrero LW , Emery SL , Stovall J , Kainulainen MH , Perniciaro JL , Mijatovic-Rustempasic S , Shakirova G , Winter J , Sexton C , Liu F , Slater K , Anderson R , Andersen L , Chiang CF , Tzeng WP , Crowe SJ , Maenner MJ , Spiropoulou CF , Nichol ST , Stroher U . J Infect Dis 2016 214 S258-S262 ![]() During the Ebola virus outbreak of 2013-2016, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch field laboratory in Sierra Leone tested approximately 26 000 specimens between August 2014 and October 2015. Analysis of the B2M endogenous control Ct values showed its utility in monitoring specimen quality, comparing results with different specimen types, and interpretation of results. For live patients, blood is the most sensitive specimen type and oral swabs have little diagnostic utility. However, swabs are highly sensitive for diagnostic testing of corpses. |
Diversity of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae in natural transformation and contact-dependent bacterial killing indicative of type VI secretion system activity
Bernardy EE , Turnsek MA , Wilson SK , Tarr CL , Hammer BK . Appl Environ Microbiol 2016 82 (9) 2833-2842 The bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae can occupy both the human gut and aquatic reservoirs, where it may colonize chitinous surfaces that induce expression of factors for three phenotypes: chitin utilization, DNA uptake by natural transformation, and constitutive contact-dependent bacterial killing indicative of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS). In this study, we surveyed a diverse set of 53 isolates from different geographic locales collected over the past century from human clinical and environmental specimens for each phenotype outlined above. The set included pandemic isolates of serogroup O1, as well as several serogroup O139 and non-O1/non-O139 strains. We found that while chitin utilization was common, only 22.6% of all isolates tested were proficient at chitin-induced natural transformation, suggesting that transformation is expendable. Constitutive contact-dependent killing of Escherichia coli prey, which is indicative of a functional T6SS, was rare among clinical isolates (only 4 of 29) but common among environmental isolates (22 of 24). These results bolster the pathoadaptive model that tight regulation of T6SS-mediated bacterial killing is beneficial in a human host, whereas, constitutive killing by environmental isolates may give a competitive advantage in natural settings. Future sequence analysis of this set of diverse isolates may identify previously unknown regulators and structural components for both natural transformation and T6SS. |
Evolutionary Relationships of Outbreak-associated Listeria monocytogenes Strains of Serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b Determined by Whole Genome Sequencing.
Bergholz TM , den Bakker HC , Katz LS , Silk BJ , Jackson KA , Kucerova Z , Joseph LA , Turnsek M , Gladney LM , Halpin JL , Xavier K , Gossack J , Ward TJ , Frace M , Tarr CL . Appl Environ Microbiol 2015 82 (3) 928-38 ![]() ![]() We used whole genome sequencing to determine evolutionary relationships among 20 outbreak-associated clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b. Isolates from six of eleven outbreaks fell outside of the clonal groups or 'epidemic clones' that have been previously associated with outbreaks, suggesting that epidemic potential may be widespread in L. monocytogenes and is not limited to the recognized epidemic clones. Pairwise comparisons between epidemiologically-related isolates within clonal complexes showed that genome-level variation differed by two orders of magnitude between different comparisons, and the distribution of point mutations (core versus accessory genome) also varied. In addition, genetic divergence between one closely related pair of isolates from a single outbreak was driven primarily by changes in phage regions. The evolutionary analysis showed the changes could be attributed to horizontal gene transfer; members of the diverse bacterial community found in the production facility could have served as the source of novel genetic material at some point in the production chain. The results raise the question of how to best utilize information contained within the accessory genome in outbreak investigations. The full magnitude and complexity of genetic changes revealed by genome sequencing could not be discerned from traditional subtyping methods and the results demonstrate the challenges of interpreting genetic variation among isolates recovered from a single outbreak. Epidemiological information remains critical for proper interpretation of nucleotide and structural diversity among isolates recovered during outbreaks, and will remain so until we understand more about how various population histories influence genetic variation. |
Ebola virus diagnostics: the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory in Sierra Leone, August 2014 to March 2015
Flint M , Goodman CH , Bearden S , Blau DM , Amman BR , Basile AJ , Belser JA , Bergeron E , Bowen MD , Brault AC , Campbell S , Chakrabarti AK , Dodd KA , Erickson BR , Freeman MM , Gibbons A , Guerrero LW , Klena JD , Lash RR , Lo MK , McMullan LK , Momoh G , Massally JL , Goba A , Paddock CD , Priestley RA , Pyle M , Rayfield M , Russell BJ , Salzer JS , Sanchez AJ , Schuh AJ , Sealy TK , Steinau M , Stoddard RA , Taboy C , Turnsek M , Wang D , Zemtsova GE , Zivcec M , Spiropoulou CF , Stroher U , Towner JS , Nichol ST , Bird BH . J Infect Dis 2015 212 Suppl 2 S350-8 In August 2014, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established a field laboratory in Sierra Leone in response to the ongoing Ebola virus outbreak. Through March 2015, this laboratory tested >12 000 specimens from throughout Sierra Leone. We describe the organization and procedures of the laboratory located in Bo, Sierra Leone. |
Environmental surveillance for toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in surface waters of Haiti.
Kahler AM , Haley BJ , Chen A , Mull BJ , Tarr CL , Turnsek M , Katz LS , Humphrys MS , Derado G , Freeman N , Boncy J , Colwell RR , Huq A , Hill VR . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014 92 (1) 118-25 ![]() Epidemic cholera was reported in Haiti in 2010, with no information available on the occurrence or geographic distribution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Haitian waters. In a series of field visits conducted in Haiti between 2011 and 2013, water and plankton samples were collected at 19 sites. Vibrio cholerae was detected using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and direct viable count methods (DFA-DVC). Cholera toxin genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction in broth enrichments of samples collected in all visits except March 2012. Toxigenic V. cholerae was isolated from river water in 2011 and 2013. Whole genome sequencing revealed that these isolates were a match to the outbreak strain. The DFA-DVC tests were positive for V. cholerae O1 in plankton samples collected from multiple sites. Results of this survey show that toxigenic V. cholerae could be recovered from surface waters in Haiti more than 2 years after the onset of the epidemic. |
Draft Genome Sequence of Environmental Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 with Similarities to the V. cholerae O1 Classical Biotype.
Katz LS , Turnsek M , Kahler A , Hill VR , Boyd EF , Tarr CL . Genome Announc 2014 2 (4) ![]() Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 is an environmental isolate from Haiti that was recovered in 2012 during a cholera outbreak. The genomic backbone is similar to that of the prototypical V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strain O395, and it carries the Vibrio pathogenicity islands (VPI-1 and VPI-2) and a cholera toxin (CTX) prephage. |
Vibrio metoecus sp.nov., a close relative of Vibrio cholerae isolated from coastal brackish ponds and clinical specimens
Kirchberger PC , Turnsek M , Hunt DE , Haley BJ , Colwell RR , Polz MF , Tarr CL , Boucher Y . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014 64 3208-3214 A Gram staining negative, curved rod shaped bacterium with close resemblance to Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, was isolated over the course of several years from coastal brackish water (17 strains) and from clinical cases (two strains) in the United States. 16S rRNA gene identity with V. cholerae exceeds 98% yet an average nucleotide identity of around 86% and multi locus sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes (mdh, adk, gyrB, recA, pgi, rpoB) clearly delineates these isolates as a distinct genotypic cluster within the V. cholerae-V. mimicus clade. Most standard identification techniques do not differentiate this cluster of isolates from V. cholerae. Only amplification of the ompW gene using V. cholerae-specific primers and a negative Voges-Proskauer test shows a difference between the two clusters. Additionally, all isolated strains differ phenotypically from V. cholerae in their ability to utilize N-Acetyl-d-galactosamine and d-glucuronic acid as sole carbon sources. Furthermore, they are generally unable to infect the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, a widespread ability in V. cholerae. Based on these clear phenotypic differences that are not necessarily apparent in standard tests and, average nucleotide identity and phylogeny of protein-coding genes, we propose the existence of a new species, Vibrio metoecus sp. nov. with the type strain OP3H (LMG 27764, CIP 110643T). Due to its close resemblance to V. cholerae and the increasing number of strains isolated over the past several years, we suggest that V. metoecus sp. nov. is a relatively common Vibrio species that has been identified as atypical isolates of V. cholerae in the past. Its isolation from clinical samples also suggests strains of this species, like V. cholerae, are opportunistic pathogens. |
Increase in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of Atlantic Coast shellfish - 2013
Newton AE , Garrett N , Stroika SG , Halpin JL , Turnsek M , Mody RK . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014 63 (15) 335-6 Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is found naturally in coastal saltwater. In the United States, Vp causes an estimated 35,000 domestically acquired foodborne infections annually, of which most are attributable to consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish. Illness typically consists of mild to moderate gastroenteritis, although severe infection can occur. Demographic, clinical, and exposure information (including traceback information on implicated seafood) for all laboratory-confirmed illnesses are reported by state health departments to CDC through the Cholera and Other Vibrio Surveillance system. Vp isolates are distinguished by serotyping (>90 serotypes have been described) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). |
Evolutionary dynamics of Vibrio cholerae O1 following a single-source introduction to Haiti
Katz LS , Petkau A , Beaulaurier J , Tyler S , Antonova ES , Turnsek MA , Guo Y , Wang S , Paxinos EE , Orata F , Gladney LM , Stroika S , Folster JP , Rowe L , Freeman MM , Knox N , Frace M , Boncy J , Graham M , Hammer BK , Boucher Y , Bashir A , Hanage WP , Van Domselaar G , Tarr CL . mBio 2013 4 (4) ![]() ![]() Prior to the epidemic that emerged in Haiti in October of 2010, cholera had not been documented in this country. After its introduction, a strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 spread rapidly throughout Haiti, where it caused over 600,000 cases of disease and >7,500 deaths in the first two years of the epidemic. We applied whole-genome sequencing to a temporal series of V. cholerae isolates from Haiti to gain insight into the mode and tempo of evolution in this isolated population of V. cholerae O1. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses supported the hypothesis that all isolates in the sample set diverged from a common ancestor within a time frame that is consistent with epidemiological observations. A pangenome analysis showed nearly homogeneous genomic content, with no evidence of gene acquisition among Haiti isolates. Nine nearly closed genomes assembled from continuous-long-read data showed evidence of genome rearrangements and supported the observation of no gene acquisition among isolates. Thus, intrinsic mutational processes can account for virtually all of the observed genetic polymorphism, with no demonstrable contribution from horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Consistent with this, the 12 Haiti isolates tested by laboratory HGT assays were severely impaired for transformation, although unlike previously characterized noncompetent V. cholerae isolates, each expressed hapR and possessed a functional quorum-sensing system. Continued monitoring of V. cholerae in Haiti will illuminate the processes influencing the origin and fate of genome variants, which will facilitate interpretation of genetic variation in future epidemics. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, with over three million cases of disease each year. An understanding of the mode and rate of evolutionary change is critical for proper interpretation of genome sequence data and attribution of outbreak sources. The Haiti epidemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to study an isolated, single-source outbreak of Vibrio cholerae O1 over an established time frame. By using multiple approaches to assay genetic variation, we found no evidence that the Haiti strain has acquired any genes by horizontal gene transfer, an observation that led us to discover that it is also poorly transformable. We have found no evidence that environmental strains have played a role in the evolution of the outbreak strain. |
Novel epidemic clones of Listeria monocytogenes, United States, 2011
Lomonaco S , Verghese B , Gerner-Smidt P , Tarr C , Gladney L , Joseph L , Katz L , Turnsek M , Frace M , Chen Y , Brown E , Meinersmann R , Berrang M , Knabel S . Emerg Infect Dis 2013 19 (1) 147-50 ![]() We identified a novel serotype 1/2a outbreak strain and 2 novel epidemic clones of Listeria monocytogenes while investigating a foodborne outbreak of listeriosis associated with consumption of cantaloupe during 2011 in the United States. Comparative analyses of strains worldwide are essential to identification of novel outbreak strains and epidemic clones. |
A hybrid approach for the automated finishing of bacterial genomes.
Bashir A , Klammer AA , Robins WP , Chin CS , Webster D , Paxinos E , Hsu D , Ashby M , Wang S , Peluso P , Sebra R , Sorenson J , Bullard J , Yen J , Valdovino M , Mollova E , Luong K , Lin S , Lamay B , Joshi A , Rowe L , Frace M , Tarr CL , Turnsek M , Davis BM , Kasarskis A , Mekalanos JJ , Waldor MK , Schadt EE . Nat Biotechnol 2012 30 (7) 701-707 ![]() Advances in DNA sequencing technology have improved our ability to characterize most genomic diversity. However, accurate resolution of large structural events is challenging because of the short read lengths of second-generation technologies. Third-generation sequencing technologies, which can yield longer multikilobase reads, have the potential to address limitations associated with genome assembly. Here we combine sequencing data from second- and third-generation DNA sequencing technologies to assemble the two-chromosome genome of a recent Haitian cholera outbreak strain into two nearly finished contigs at >99.9% accuracy. Complex regions with clinically relevant structure were completely resolved. In separate control assemblies on experimental and simulated data for the canonical N16961 cholera reference strain, we obtained 14 scaffolds of greater than 1 kb for the experimental data and 8 scaffolds of greater than 1 kb for the simulated data, which allowed us to correct several errors in contigs assembled from the short-read data alone. This work provides a blueprint for the next generation of rapid microbial identification and full-genome assembly. |
Vibrio mimicus infection associated with crayfish consumption, Spokane, Washington, 2010
Kay MK , Cartwright EJ , Maceachern D , McCullough J , Barzilay E , Mintz E , Duchin JS , MacDonald K , Turnsek M , Tarr C , Talkington D , Newton A , Marfin AA . J Food Prot 2012 75 (4) 762-4 ![]() We report a cluster of severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio mimicus infection among four persons who had consumed leftover crayfish the day after a private crayfish boil. Gastrointestinal illness caused by Vibrio mimicus has not been reported previously in Washington State. Three cases were laboratory confirmed by stool culture; using PCR, isolates were found to have ctx genes that encode cholera toxin (CT). Two of the cases were hospitalized under intensive care with a cholera-like illness. The illnesses were most likely caused by cross-contamination of cooked crayfish with uncooked crayfish; however, V. mimicus was not isolated nor were CT genes detected by PCR in leftover samples of frozen crayfish. Clinicians should be aware that V. mimicus can produce CT and that V. mimicus infection can cause severe illness. |
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in water and seafood, Haiti
Hill VR , Cohen N , Kahler AM , Jones JL , Bopp CA , Marano N , Tarr CL , Garrett NM , Boncy J , Henry A , Gomez GA , Wellman M , Curtis M , Freeman MM , Turnsek M , Benner RA Jr , Dahourou G , Espey D , DePaola A , Tappero JW , Handzel T , Tauxe RV . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (11) 2147-2150 During the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti, water and seafood samples were collected to detect Vibrio cholerae. The outbreak strain of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from freshwater and seafood samples. The cholera toxin gene was detected in harbor water samples. |
Characterization of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from Haiti, 2010-2011.
Talkington D , Bopp C , Tarr C , Parsons MB , Dahourou G , Freeman M , Joyce K , Turnsek M , Garrett N , Humphrys M , Gomez G , Stroika S , Boncy J , Ochieng B , Oundo J , Klena J , Smith A , Keddy K , Gerner-Smidt P . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (11) 2122-2129 In October 2010, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of cases of severe watery diarrhea in Haiti. The cause was confirmed to be toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor. We characterized 122 isolates from Haiti and compared them with isolates from other countries. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion and broth microdilution. Analyses included identification of rstR and VC2346 genes, sequencing of ctxAB and tcpA genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SfiI and NotI enzymes. All isolates were susceptible to doxycycline and azithromycin. One pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern predominated, and ctxB sequence of all isolates matched the B-7 allele. We identified the tcpETCIRS allele, which is also present in Bangladesh strain CIRS 101. These data show that the isolates from Haiti are clonally and genetically similar to isolates originating in Africa and southern Asia and that ctxB-7 and tcpETCIRS alleles are undergoing global dissemination. |
Vibrio furnissii: An unusual cause of bacteremia and skin lesions after ingestion of seafood
Derber C , Coudron P , Tarr C , Gladney L , Turnsek M , Shankaran S , Wong E . J Clin Microbiol 2011 49 (6) 2348-9 Vibrio furnissii is rarely reported in the blood which may explain why clinical features of bloodstream infections with this organism have not been described. We describe a patient who developed skin lesions and V. furnissii bacteremia and was successfully treated with fluoroquinolones. V. furnissii may be a serious pathogen in patients with underlying co-morbidities who are exposed to seafood. |
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