Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Turin F [original query] |
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Hepatitis delta: seek and ye shall find
Holmberg SD , Ward JW . J Infect Dis 2010 202 (6) 822-4 Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was discovered in 1977 by Rizzetto and colleagues [1], and—as he expressed it 30 years later—HDV “would have possibly died away as another odd antigenic subtype” of hepatitis B virus (HBV) had it not been for an international collaboration among investigators from Turin, Italy, the National Institutes of Health, and Georgetown University [2]. Chimpanzee experiments demonstrated that the delta antigen, rather than being a component of HBV, was its own defective form that required HBV for its infection and replication, a “virus's virus.” Dual HBV-HDV infection was quickly recognized to have worldwide distribution, to be associated with more severe and rapidly progressive hepatitis, and to be especially resistant to treatment. | In the past few decades, remarkable strides in understanding the complex interplay between HBV and HDVat the molecular level have been achieved [3]. But many mysteries remain when these insights are applied to human disease, in which levels of HBV DNA and HDV RNA may fluctuate in relation to each other or not at all in individual patients [4]. Furthermore, some of the groups with HBVHDV coinfection, such as injection drug users, also have hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfections. Unrecognized coinfections with these viruses—ie, before the availability of reliable screening tests for HIV (1985) or HCV (1992)—may have confounded early observations of the clinical course of patients with HBV-HDV coinfections. Indeed, one of the helpful observations of the article by Kucirka and colleagues [5] in the current issue of the Journal is the still very high infection rate found among a sample of injection drug users from 2005 to 2006 when tested for HCV (92%) or HIV (38%). |
Using ergonomics to enhance safe production at a surface coal mine--a case study with powder crews
Torma-Krajewski J , Wiehagen W , Etcheverry A , Turin F , Unger R . J Occup Environ Hyg 2009 6 (10) D55-62 Job tasks that involve exposure to work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk factors may impact both the risk of injury and production downtime. Common WMSD risks factors associated with mining tasks include forceful exertions, awkward postures, repetitive motion, jolting and jarring, forceful gripping, contact stress, and whole body and segmental vibration. Mining environments that expose workers to temperature/humidity extremes, windy conditions, and slippery and uneven walking surfaces also contribute to injury risk. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers worked with powder crew members from the Bridger Coal Company to identify and rank routine work tasks based on perceived exposure to WMSD risk factors. This article presents the process followed to identify tasks that workers believed involved the greatest exposure to risk factors and discusses risk reduction strategies. Specifically, the proposed prill truck design changes addressed cab ingress/egress, loading blast holes, and access to the upper deck of the prill truck. |
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