Last data update: May 30, 2025. (Total: 49382 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Stanley TR[original query] |
---|
Variability in seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and associated factors in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)
O'Shea TJ , Bowen RA , Stanley TR , Shankar V , Rupprecht CE . PLoS One 2014 9 (1) e86261 In 2001-2005 we sampled permanently marked big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at summer roosts in buildings at Fort Collins, Colorado, for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). Seroprevalence was higher in adult females (17.9%, n = 2,332) than males (9.4%, n = 128; P = 0.007) or volant juveniles (10.2%, n = 738; P<0.0001). Seroprevalence was lowest in a drought year with local insecticide use and highest in the year with normal conditions, suggesting that environmental stress may suppress RVNA production in big brown bats. Seroprevalence also increased with age of bat, and varied from 6.2 to 26.7% among adult females at five roosts sampled each year for five years. Seroprevalence of adult females at 17 other roosts sampled for 1 to 4 years ranged from 0.0 to 47.1%. Using logistic regression, the only ranking model in our candidate set of explanatory variables for serological status at first sampling included year, day of season, and a year by day of season interaction that varied with relative drought conditions. The presence or absence of antibodies in individual bats showed temporal variability. Year alone provided the best model to explain the likelihood of adult female bats showing a transition to seronegative from a previously seropositive state. Day of the season was the only competitive model to explain the likelihood of a transition from seronegative to seropositive, which increased as the season progressed. We found no rabies viral RNA in oropharyngeal secretions of 261 seropositive bats or in organs of 13 euthanized seropositive bats. Survival of seropositive and seronegative bats did not differ. The presence of RVNA in serum of bats should not be interpreted as evidence for ongoing rabies infection. |
CDC's 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Pharmacy Initiative in the United States: implications for future public health and pharmacy collaborations for emergency response
Koonin LM , Beauvais DR , Shimabukuro T , Wortley PM , Palmier JB , Stanley TR , Theofilos J , Merlin TL . Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2011 5 (4) 253-255 During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the CDC contacted the 50 state, New York City, and District of Columbia health departments and the health department in Puerto Rico through the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), to discuss distributing 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine directly to large pharmacy chains (“pharmacies”) to supplement state vaccination efforts. By the end of December 2009, most states had opened vaccination to all members of the public and a vaccine surplus was projected. All but three states opted to take part in this CDC 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Pharmacy Initiative.* The CDC subsequently invited the largest 15 US pharmacies (by prescription share) to participate, 12 of these pharmacies expressed interest and 10 ultimately participated.1 From December 2009-February 2010, the CDC distributed 5 483 900 doses of 2009 H1N1 vaccine to these pharmacy chains; they in turn, distributed it to more than 10 700 retail stores nationwide. The amount of 2009 H1N1 vaccine that the CDC directly distributed to pharmacy chains comprised approximately 23% of all vaccine distributed during the same time period to the same states and accounted for approximately 4.3% of all 2009 H1N1 vaccine distributed during October 2009-February 2010. Approximately 10% of adults who received 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine reported getting vaccinated at a pharmacy.2 This included vaccinations given with vaccine provided to pharmacies by state health officials and directly by the CDC (Figure). |
Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance
George DB , Webb CT , Farnsworth ML , O'Shea TJ , Bowen RA , Smith DL , Stanley TR , Ellison LE , Rupprecht CE . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 108 (25) 10208-13 Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 30, 2025
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure