Last data update: Jun 17, 2024. (Total: 47034 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Sinkule EJ [original query] |
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Physiologic Effects from Using Tight- and Loose-Fitting Powered Air-Purifying Respirators on Inhaled Gases, Peak Pressures, and Inhalation Temperatures During Rest and Exercise
Sinkule EJ , Powell JB , Rubinstein EN , McWilliams L , Quinn T , Pugliese M . J Int Soc Respir Prot 2016 33 (2) 36-52 The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the physiologic stresses of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) used by workers in many industries (e.g., health care, automobile repair, public safety, building trades, etc.) during rest and three levels of energy expenditure. Twelve men and twelve women wore one tight-fitting and three loose-fitting PAPRs at rest (REST) and while walking for four minutes at oxygen consumption (V̇O(2)) rates of 1.0 l·min(-1)(LOW), 2.0 l·min(-1) (MODERATE), and 3.0 l·min(-1) or maximum (HIGH). Minimum inhaled carbon dioxide concentration (F(I)CO(2)), maximum inhaled oxygen concentration (F(I)O(2)), peak inhalation pressure, and end inhalation temperature were measured continuously breath-by-breath. Repeated measures analysis of variance found that neither the main effect of gender, nor any interactions involving gender were significant. The highest minimum F(I)CO(2) among PAPRs occurred for MODERATE and HIGH energy expenditures while wearing the loose-fitting PAPR with the largest dead space. The lowest maximum F(I)O(2) was observed during HIGH intensity energy expenditure also for the loose-fitting PAPR with the largest dead space. Among all PAPR models, peak inhalation pressures were negative at V̇O(2) > LOW, suggesting that peak inhalation flow was greater than blower flow. Results using the variables reported here suggest that PAPRs used at various levels of energy expenditure may be tolerated among healthy workers. Further research is needed to determine the source of supplemented air when inhalation flow exceeds blower flow. |
Physiological evaluation of air-fed ensembles
Turner NL , Powell JB , Sinkule EJ , Novak DA . Ann Occup Hyg 2013 58 (2) 241-50 The goal of this study was to evaluate the respiratory and metabolic stresses of air-fed ensembles used by workers in the nuclear, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries during rest, low-, and moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. Fourteen men and six women wore two different air-fed ensembles (AFE-1 and AFE-2) and one two-piece supplied-air respirator (SA) at rest (REST) and while walking for 6min at oxygen consumption (V.O2) rates of 1.0 (LOW) and 2.0 l min-1 (MOD). Inhaled CO2 (FICO2), inhaled O2 (FIO2), pressure, and temperature were measured continuously breath-by-breath. For both LOW and MOD, FICO2 was significantly lower (P < 0.03) and FIO2 was significantly greater (P < 0.008) for SA compared with AFE-1 and AFE-2 in women, while in men, similar trends were observed. Significantly lower FICO2 (P < 0.009) and significantly greater FIO2 (P < 0.04) were consistently observed in AFE-1 compared with AFE-2 in men during LOW and MOD. For both men and women, average FICO2 exceeded 2.0% in AFE-2 during MOD. During LOW and MOD, average FIO2 in AFE-1 and AFE-2 dropped <19.5% in men and women. For men and women, average inhalation pressures (PIave) were significantly greater in both air-fed ensembles than SA (P < 0.001) during REST, LOW, and MOD. Inhaled gas temperature was significantly lower in SA than in either air-fed ensemble (P < 0.001). When the air supply was shut off during walking, the time taken for minimum FICO2 to reach 2.0% was <38 s for all three ensembles in both men and women, an observation that has implications for the design of emergency escape protocols for air-fed ensemble wearers. Results show that inhaled gas concentrations may reach physiologically stressful levels in air-fed ensembles during moderate-intensity treadmill walking. |
Evaluation of N95 respirator use with a surgical mask cover: effects on breathing resistance and inhaled carbon dioxide
Sinkule EJ , Powell JB , Goss FL . Ann Occup Hyg 2012 57 (3) 384-98 OBJECTIVE: For pandemic influenza outbreaks, the Institute of Medicine has recommended using a surgical mask cover (SM) over N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) among healthcare workers as one strategy to avoid surface contamination of the FFR which would extend its efficacy and reduce the threat of exhausting FFR supplies. The objective of this investigation was to measure breathing air quality and breathing resistance when using FFRs with US Food and Drug Administration-cleared SM and without SM. METHODS: Thirty National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved FFR models with and without SM were evaluated using the NIOSH Automated Breathing and Metabolic Simulator (ABMS) through six incremental work rates. RESULTS: Generally, concentrations of average inhaled CO(2) decreased and average inhaled O(2) increased with increasing O(2) consumption for FFR+SM and FFR-only. For most work rates, peak inhalation and exhalation pressures were statistically higher in FFR+SM as compared with FFR-only. The type of FFR and the presence of exhalation valves (EVs) had significant effects on average inhaled CO(2), average inhaled O(2), and breathing pressures. The evidence suggests that placement of an SM on one type of FFR improved inhaled breathing gas concentrations over the FFR without SM; the placement of an SM over an FFR+EV probably will prevent the EV from opening, regardless of activity intensity; and, at lower levels of energy expenditure, EVs in FFR do not open either with or without an SM. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in inhaled gas concentrations in FFR+SM and FFR-only were significant, especially at lower levels of energy expenditure. The orientation of the SM on the FFR may have a significant effect on the inhaled breathing quality and breathing resistance, although the measurable inhalation and exhalation pressures caused by SM over FFR for healthcare users probably will be imperceptible at lower activity levels. |
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