Last data update: Jun 03, 2024. (Total: 46935 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Shire J [original query] |
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Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Malawi: effective platforms for improving engagement of men at high HIV risk with voluntary medical male circumcision services
Msungama W , Menego G , Shaba F , Flowers N , Habel M , Bonongwe A , Banda M , Shire S , Maida A , Auld A , Phiri SJP , Dumbani K , Buono N , Luhanga M , Kapito M , Gibson H , Laube C , Toledo C , Kim E , Davis SM . Sex Transm Infect 2021 97 (5) 345-350 INTRODUCTION: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), an effective HIV prevention programme for men, is implemented in East and Southern Africa. Approximately 50% of VMMC clients are aged below 15 years. More targeted interventions to reach older men and others at higher short-term HIV risk are needed. METHODS: We implemented a quality improvement project testing the effectiveness of an active referral-based VMMC recruitment approach, targeting men attending STI clinics and those escorting partners to antenatal care (ANC) clinics, at Bwaila Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. We compared the proportions aged older than 15 years among men who received VMMC following referral from STI and ANC clinics with those among men referred from standard community mobilisation. We also analysed referral cascades to VMMC. RESULTS: In total, 330 clients were circumcised after referral from STI (242) and ANC (88) clinics, as compared with 3839 other clients attributed to standard community mobilisation. All clients from ANC and STI clinics were aged over 15 years, as compared with 69% from standard community mobilisation. STI clinics had a higher conversion rate from counselling to VMMC than ANC (12% vs 9%) and a higher contribution to total circumcisions performed at the VMMC clinic (6% vs 2%). CONCLUSIONS: Integrating VMMC recruitment and follow-up in STI and ANC clinics co-located with VMMC services can augment demand creation and targeting of men at risk of HIV, based on age and STI history. This approach can be replicated at least in similar health facilities with ANC and STI services in close proximity to VMMC service delivery. |
Association between work-related hyperthermia emergency department visits and ambient heat in five southeastern states, 2010-2012 - a case-crossover study
Shire J , Vaidyanathan A , Lackovic M , Bunn T . Geohealth 2020 4 (8) e2019GH000241 The objective of this study is to assess ambient temperatures' and extreme heat events' contribution to work-related emergency department (ED) visits for hyperthermia in the southeastern United States to inform prevention. Through a collaborative network and established data framework, work-related ED hyperthermia visits in five participating southeastern U.S. states were analyzed using a time stratified case-crossover design. For exposure metrics, day- and location-specific measures of ambient temperatures and county-specific identification of extreme heat events were used. From 2010 to 2012, 5,017 work-related hyperthermia ED visits were seen; 2,298 (~46%) of these visits occurred on days when the daily maximum heat index was at temperatures the Occupational Safety and Health Administration designates as having "lower" or "moderate" heat risk. A 14% increase in risk of ED visit was seen for a 1°F increase in average daily mean temperature, modeled as linear predictor across all temperatures. A 54% increase in risk was seen for work-related hyperthermia ED visits during extreme heat events (two or more consecutive days of unusually high temperatures) when controlling for average daily mean temperature. Despite ambient heat being a well-known risk to workers' health, this study's findings indicate ambient heat contributed to work-related ED hyperthermia visits in these five states. Used alone, existing OSHA heat-risk levels for ambient temperatures did not appear to successfully communicate workers' risk for hyperthermia in this study. Findings should inform future heat-alert communications and policies, heat prevention efforts, and heat-illness prevention research for workers in the southeastern United States. |
Surveillance of a chronic liver disease of unidentified cause in a rural setting of Ethiopia: A case study
Chiu C , Martin C , Woldemichael D , WSelasie G , Tareke I , Luce R , GLibanos G , Hunt D , Bayleyegn T , Addissie A , Buttke D , Bitew A , Vagi S , Murphy M , Seboxa T , Jima D , Debella A . Ethiop Med J 2016 54 (1) 27-32 BACKGROUND: An outbreak of a chronic liver disease of unidentified cause, known as "Unidentified Liver Disease (ULD)" by local communities was first observed in a rural village in Tigray, northern-Ethiopia in 2001. Little was known about the geographical extent, trend, and epidemiology of the disease. METHODS: The Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) by then Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and Tigray Regional Health Bureaue established the ULD surveillance system in 2009 to characterize and monitor trends for this emerging disease and to identify cases for treatment and follow up. A large-scale official training was provided to the surveillance staff on case identification, management and reporting. In absence of a confirmatory test, the system used simple case definitions that could be applied by frontline staff with varying clinical training. To maximize resources, health extension workers already conducting household visits in affected communities identified cases and increased community awareness about the disease. A team was placed in Shire, in close proximity to the outbreak region, to provide support and collect reports from health facilities and district health offices. RESULTS: As of September 2011, a total of 1,033 cases, including 314 deaths were identified. Contamination of locally produced grains with several pyrrolizidine alkaloid producing plants was identified cause of the disease. Staff interviews identified that shortage and turnover of trained staff were major challenges. LESSONS LEARNED: Long term dedication by frontline staff, using simple case definitions to identify cases, and active collection of missing reports were critical for surveillance of this chronic non-infectious disease of unknown cause in a rural, resource-limited setting. |
Advancing the Framework for Considering the Effects of Climate Change on Worker Safety and Health
Schulte PA , Bhattacharya A , Butler CR , Chun HK , Jacklitsch B , Jacobs T , Kiefer M , Lincoln J , Pendergrass S , Shire J , Watson J , Wagner GR . J Occup Environ Hyg 2016 13 (11) 847-65 In 2009, a preliminary framework for how climate change could affect worker safety and health was described. That framework was based on a literature search from 1988-2008 that supported seven categories of climate-related occupational hazards: (1) increased ambient temperature; (2) air pollution; (3) ultraviolet exposure; (4) extreme weather; (5) vector-borne diseases and expanded habitats; (6) industrial transitions and emerging industries; and (7) changes in the built environment. This paper reviews the published literature from 2008-2014 in each of the seven categories. Additionally, three new topics related to occupational safety and health are considered: mental health effects, economic burden, and potential work safety and health impacts associated with the nascent field of climate intervention (geoengineering). Beyond updating the literature, the paper also identifies key priorities for action to better characterize and understand how occupational safety and health may be associated with climate change events and ensure that worker health and safety issues are anticipated, recognized, evaluated, and mitigated. These key priorities include research, surveillance, risk assessment, risk management, and policy development. Strong evidence indicates that climate change will continue to present occupational safety and health hazards, and this framework may be a useful tool for preventing adverse effects to workers. |
Fatal work-related injuries: southeastern United States, 2008-2011
Brinker K , Jacobs T , Shire J , Bunn T , Chalmers J , Dang G , Flammia D , Higgins S , Lackovic M , Lavender A , Lewis JS , Li Y , Harduar Morano L , Porter A , Rauscher K , Slavova S , Watkins S , Zhang L , Funk R . Workplace Health Saf 2015 64 (4) 135-40 In 2008, the work-related injury fatality rate was 3.8 per 100,000 workers in the United States but was 5.2 per 100,000 workers for the southeast region. Work-related fatalities in the southeast were examined for the period 2008 to 2011. Median work-related injury fatality rates are reported for the southeast region, each of the 12 states, and the United States. The percentages of employees in high fatality industries and work-related fatalities by cause were calculated. Finally, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's database was searched for fatality reports. States with the highest rates (per 100,000 workers) included Arkansas (7.2), Louisiana (6.8), and West Virginia (6.6). Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and West Virginia each had more than 20% of their employees in high fatality industries. Forty percent of work-related injury fatalities were from transportation incidents in the southeast and the United States. Future analyses should include work-related injury fatality rates by industry and compare rates with other U.S. regions. |
Characterization of lead in US workplaces using data from OSHA's Integrated Management Information System
Henn SA , Sussell AL , Li J , Shire JD , Alarcon WA , Tak S . Am J Ind Med 2011 54 (5) 356-65 BACKGROUND: Lead hazards continue to be encountered in the workplace. OSHA's Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) is the largest available database containing sampling results in US workplaces. METHODS: Personal airborne lead sampling results in IMIS were extracted for years 1979-2008. Descriptive analyses, geographical mapping, and regression modeling of results were performed. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of lead samples were in the manufacturing sector. Lead sample results were highest in the construction sector (median = 0.03 mg/m(3) ). NORA sector, year, OSHA region, number of employees at the worksite, federal/state OSHA plan, unionization, advance notification, and presence of an employee representative were statistically associated with having a lead sample result exceed the PEL. CONCLUSIONS: Lead concentrations within construction have been higher than any other industry. Lead hazards have been most prevalent in the north and northeastern US. IMIS data can be useful as a surveillance tool and for targeting prevention efforts toward hazardous industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Association of self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity with particulate matter 2.5 air pollution
Wen XJ , Balluz LS , Shire JD , Mokdad AH , Kohl HW . J Environ Health 2009 72 (1) 40-4; quiz 45 This study examines the association between annual levels of particulate matter (PM) and self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI) in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) among 63,290 survey respondents who participated in the 2001 BRFSS from 142 counties in the U.S. The average prevalence of self-reported LTPI was about 24.9% (SE = 0.3%), LTPI prevalence was positively associated with annual mean of PM.5 concentration (p < .0001). The authors demonstrate that LTPI was associated with PM2.5 pollution with statistical significance with and without adjustment for covariates (adjusted odds ration [OR] = 1.16; 95% CI: [confidence interval] 1.06-1.27). This study suggests that ambient PM2.5 air pollution is associated independently with LTPI. PM2.5 pollution and physical inactivity are both risk factors of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important for environmental officials to implement measures to reduce ambient air pollution while public health officials simultaneously promote regular physical activity by encouraging the general public to remain physically active. |
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