Last data update: Jun 11, 2024. (Total: 46992 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Savolainen K [original query] |
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Pulmonary exposure to cellulose nanocrystals caused deleterious effects to reproductive system in male mice
Farcas MT , Kisin ER , Menas AL , Gutkin DW , Star A , Reiner RS , Yanamala N , Savolainen K , Shvedova AA . J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016 79 (21) 1-14 Over the past several years there has been an increased number of applications of cellulosic materials in many sectors, including the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, to date, there are few studies investigating the potential adverse effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The objective of this study was to determine long-term outcomes on the male reproductive system of mice upon repeated pharyngeal aspiration exposure to CNC. To achieve this, cauda epididymal sperm samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, motility, morphological abnormalities, and DNA damage. Testicular and epididymal oxidative damage was evaluated, as well as histopathology examination of testes. In addition, changes in levels of testosterone in testes and serum and of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum were determined. Three months after the last administration, CNC exposure significantly altered sperm concentration, motility, cell morphology, and sperm DNA integrity. These parameters correlated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in testes, as well as oxidative stress in both testes and epididymis. Exposure to CNC also produced damage to testicular structure, as evidenced by presence of interstitial edema, frequent dystrophic seminiferous tubules with arrested spermatogenesis and degenerating spermatocytes, and imbalance in levels of testosterone and LH. Taken together, these results demonstrate that pulmonary exposure to CNC induces sustained adverse effects in spermatocytes/spermatozoa, suggesting male reproductive toxicity. |
Carcinogenicity of fluoro-edenite, silicon carbide fibres and whiskers, and carbon nanotubes
Grosse Y , Loomis D , Guyton KZ , Lauby-Secretan B , El Ghissassi F , Bouvard V , Benbrahim-Tallaa L , Guha N , Scoccianti C , Mattock H , Straif K , Kane AB , Debia M , Dion C , Moller P , Savolainen K , Canu IG , Jaurand MC , Comba P , Kobayashi N , Morimoto Y , Tsuda H , Yu IJ , Vermeulen R , Bugge MD , Bateson TF , Kuempel ED , Morgan DL , Pinkerton KE , Sargent LM , Stayner L . Lancet Oncol 2014 15 (13) 1427-8 In October, 2014, 21 experts from ten countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Lyon, France) to assess the carcinogenicity of fluoro-edenite, silicon carbide (SiC) fibres and whiskers, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) types. These assessments will be published as Volume 111 of the IARC Monographs.1 | Fluoro-edenite was first identified around the Etna volcano near Biancavilla, Italy; a similar mineral was also reported from the Kimpo volcano in Japan. Fluoro-edenite can occur as asbestiform fibres. Unpaved roads made from local quarry products from Biancavilla, used since the 1950s, are a source for airborne fluoro-edenite fibres; additionally indoor air was also contaminated from the use of the quarry's products in building materials. Several surveillance studies reported an excess of mesothelioma incidence and mortality in the regional population of Biancavilla.2 Since the rate ratios for mesothelioma were large and stable, chance was unlikely to explain these findings. The excess was similar in men and women, and most prominent in young adults, suggesting an environmental rather than occupational cause. Moreover, most of the cases had no history of occupational exposure to asbestos. Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole was classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence in humans that exposure to fluoro-edenite causes mesothelioma. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity was also reported in experimental animals, with increased incidences of mesotheliomas observed in one study in male and female rats given fibrous fluoro-edenite by intraperitoneal or intrapleural injection.3 The results of the few available mechanistic studies were consistent with proposed mechanisms of fibre carcinogenicity.4 |
Graphene oxide attenuates Th2-type immune responses, but augments airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma
Shurin MR , Yanamala N , Kisin ER , Tkach AV , Shurin GV , Murray AR , Leonard HD , Reynolds JS , Gutkin DW , Star A , Fadeel B , Savolainen K , Kagan VE , Shvedova AA . ACS Nano 2014 8 (6) 5585-99 Several lines of evidence indicate that exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is able to modify airway immune responses, thus facilitating the development of respiratory diseases. Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising carbonaceous nanomaterial with unique physicochemical properties, envisioned for a multitude of medical and industrial applications. In this paper, we determined how exposure to GO modulates the allergic pulmonary response. Using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, we revealed that GO, given at the sensitization stage, augmented airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling in the form of goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy. At the same time, the levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were reduced in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in GO-exposed mice. Exposure to GO during sensitization with OVA decreased eosinophil accumulation and increased recruitment of macrophages in BAL fluid. In line with the cytokine profiles, sensitization with OVA in the presence of GO stimulated the production of OVA-specific IgG2a and down-regulated the levels of IgE and IgG1. Moreover, exposure to GO increased the macrophage production of the mammalian chitinases, CHI3L1 and AMCase, whose expression is associated with asthma. Finally, molecular modeling has suggested that GO may directly interact with chitinase, affecting AMCase activity, which has been directly proven in our studies. Thus, these data show that GO exposure attenuates Th2 immune response in a model of OVA-induced asthma, but leads to potentiation of airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness, with the induction of mammalian chitinases. |
Occupational safety and health in nanotechnology and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
Murashov V , Engel S , Savolainen K , Fullam B , Lee M , Kearns P . J Nanopart Res 2009 11 (7) 1587-1591 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an intergovernmental organization, is playing a critical global role in ensuring that emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, are developed responsibly. This article describes OECD activities around occupational safety and health of nanotechnology and provides state-of-the-science overview resulting from an OECD workshop on exposure assessment and mitigation for nanotechnology workplace. |
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