Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-9 (of 9 Records) |
Query Trace: Samad Z [original query] |
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Evaluation of potential risk of transmission of avian influenza A viruses at live bird markets in response to unusual crow die-offs in Bangladesh
Rahman M , Mangtani P , Uyeki TM , Cardwell JM , Torremorell M , Islam A , Samad MA , Muraduzzaman AKM , Giasuddin M , Sarkar S , Alamgir ASM , Salimuzzaman M , Flora MS . Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020 14 (3) 349-352 In response to unusual crow die-offs from avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection during January-February 2017 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a One Health team assessed potential infection risks in live bird markets (LBMs). Evidence of aerosolized avian influenza A viruses was detected in LBMs and in the respiratory tracts of market workers, indicating exposure and potential for infection. This study highlighted the importance of surveillance platforms with a coordinated One Health strategy to investigate and mitigate zoonotic risk. |
Public health responses during measles outbreaks in elimination settings: Strategies and challenges
Gastanaduy PA , Banerjee E , DeBolt C , Bravo-Alcantara P , Samad SA , Pastor D , Rota PA , Patel M , Crowcroft NS , Durrheim DN . Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018 14 (9) 1-46 In late September 2016, the Americas became the first region in the world to have eliminated endemic transmission of measles virus. Several other countries have also verified measles elimination, and countries in all six World Health Organization regions have adopted measles elimination goals. The public health strategies used to respond to measles outbreaks in elimination settings are thus becoming relevant to more countries. This review highlights the strategies used to limit measles spread in elimination settings: (1) assembly of an outbreak control committee; (2) isolation of measles cases while infectious; (3) exclusion and quarantining of individuals without evidence of immunity; (4) vaccination of susceptible individuals; (5) use of immunoglobulin to prevent measles in exposed susceptible high-risk persons; (6) and maintaining laboratory proficiency for confirmation of measles. Deciding on the extent of containment efforts should be based on the expected benefit of reactive interventions, balanced against the logistical challenges in implementing them. |
Quantifying primaquine effectiveness and improving adherence: a round table discussion of the APMEN Vivax Working Group
Thriemer K , Bobogare A , Ley B , Gudo CS , Alam MS , Anstey NM , Ashley E , Baird JK , Gryseels C , Jambert E , Lacerda M , Laihad F , Marfurt J , Pasaribu AP , Poespoprodjo JR , Sutanto I , Taylor WR , van den Boogaard C , Battle KE , Dysoley L , Ghimire P , Hawley B , Hwang J , Khan WA , Mudin RNB , Sumiwi ME , Ahmed R , Aktaruzzaman MM , Awasthi KR , Bardaji A , Bell D , Boaz L , Burdam FH , Chandramohan D , Cheng Q , Chindawongsa K , Culpepper J , Das S , Deray R , Desai M , Domingo G , Duoquan W , Duparc S , Floranita R , Gerth-Guyette E , Howes RE , Hugo C , Jagoe G , Sariwati E , Jhora ST , Jinwei W , Karunajeewa H , Kenangalem E , Lal BK , Landuwulang C , Le Perru E , Lee SE , Makita LS , McCarthy J , Mekuria A , Mishra N , Naket E , Nambanya S , Nausien J , Duc TN , Thi TN , Noviyanti R , Pfeffer D , Qi G , Rahmalia A , Rogerson S , Samad I , Sattabongkot J , Satyagraha A , Shanks D , Sharma SN , Sibley CH , Sungkar A , Syafruddin D , Talukdar A , Tarning J , Kuile FT , Thapa S , Theodora M , Huy TT , Waramin E , Waramori G , Woyessa A , Wongsrichanalai C , Xa NX , Yeom JS , Hermawan L , Devine A , Nowak S , Jaya I , Supargiyono S , Grietens KP , Price RN . Malar J 2018 17 (1) 241 The goal to eliminate malaria from the Asia-Pacific by 2030 will require the safe and widespread delivery of effective radical cure of malaria. In October 2017, the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vivax Working Group met to discuss the impediments to primaquine (PQ) radical cure, how these can be overcome and the methodological difficulties in assessing clinical effectiveness of radical cure. The salient discussions of this meeting which involved 110 representatives from 18 partner countries and 21 institutional partner organizations are reported. Context specific strategies to improve adherence are needed to increase understanding and awareness of PQ within affected communities; these must include education and health promotion programs. Lessons learned from other disease programs highlight that a package of approaches has the greatest potential to change patient and prescriber habits, however optimizing the components of this approach and quantifying their effectiveness is challenging. In a trial setting, the reactivity of participants results in patients altering their behaviour and creates inherent bias. Although bias can be reduced by integrating data collection into the routine health care and surveillance systems, this comes at a cost of decreasing the detection of clinical outcomes. Measuring adherence and the factors that relate to it, also requires an in-depth understanding of the context and the underlying sociocultural logic that supports it. Reaching the elimination goal will require innovative approaches to improve radical cure for vivax malaria, as well as the methods to evaluate its effectiveness. |
Incidence of crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Rhode Island: Report from the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry
Shapiro JM , Zoega H , Shah SA , Bright RM , Mallette M , Moniz H , Grabert SA , Bancroft B , Merrick M , Flowers NT , Samad Z , Lidofsky S , LeLeiko NS , Sands BE . Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016 22 (6) 1456-61 BACKGROUND: Studies describing the incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are uncommon in the United States. We sought to determine the incidence of CD and UC in the state of Rhode Island. METHODS: The Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry is a state-based inception cohort of patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Rhode Island. To confirm a diagnosis of CD, UC, or IBD unclassified (IBDU), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases IBD Genetics Consortium criteria were applied in a review of medical records from gastroenterology practices located in the state of Rhode Island and adjacent to the Rhode Island border in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Using population-based data, we determined the statewide incidence of IBD in Rhode Island from 2008 to 2010. RESULTS: A total of 971 Rhode Island residents were diagnosed with IBD, including 444 with CD, 486 with UC, and 41 with IBD unclassified from 2008 to 2010. The overall age- and sex-adjusted IBD incidence was 30.2 (95% confidence interval, 28.3-32.1) per 100,000 persons in this time frame with 13.9, 15.1, and 1.3 per 100,000 diagnosed with CD, UC, and IBD unclassified, respectively. Of the total incident cases in Rhode Island, 30% (n = 291) were enrolled in Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IBD in Rhode Island is higher than that previously reported by other population-based cohorts in the United States. Prospective follow-up of individuals enrolled in the community-based Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry cohort is ongoing. |
Risk factors for radiation exposure in newly diagnosed IBD patients
Grand DJ , Harris A , Shapiro J , Wu E , Giacalone J , Sands BE , Bright R , Moniz H , Mallette M , Leleiko N , Wallenstein S , Samad Z , Merrick M , Shah SA . Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016 41 (7) 1363-9 PURPOSE: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be exposed to high doses of diagnostic radiation. The purpose of this study is to identify subsets of this population at risk for significant radiation exposure. METHODS: This HIPAA compliant, IRB approved study consists of 336 patients (237 adult and 99 pediatric) within the Ocean State Crohn's & Colitis Area Registry (OSCCAR). All were newly diagnosed with IBD and prospectively enrolled between 1/2008 and 12/2012. Comprehensive chart review was performed. RESULTS: 207 (61.6%) patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD), 120 (35.7%) with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 9 (2.7%) with inflammatory bowel disease, type unspecified (IBDU). 192 (57.1%) patients were exposed to GI-specific radiation. Average GI-specific radiation dose for adult IBD patients was 14.1 mSV and was significantly greater among adult CD than adult UC patients (p = 0.01). Pediatric patients underwent fewer CT scans (p < 0.0001). Risk factors for increased radiation exposure include: GI surgery (p = 0.003), biologic therapy (p = 0.01), pain-predominant symptoms (as compared to diarrhea-predominant symptoms; p < 0.05), and isolated ileal disease (p = 0.02). Patients with stricturing or penetrating disease received higher radiation doses than patients with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A variety of risk factors are associated with increased exposure to ionizing radiation after diagnosis of IBD. Knowledge of these risk factors can help physicians prospectively identify patients at risk for elevated radiation exposure and consider low-dose or radiation-free imaging. |
Corticosteroid use in a prospective, community-based cohort of newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients
Shapiro JM , Hagin SE , Shah SA , Bright R , Law M , Moniz H , Giacalone J , Jackvony T , Taleban S , Samad Z , Merrick M , Sands BE , LeLeiko NS . Dig Dis Sci 2016 61 (6) 1635-40 BACKGROUND: Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are a mainstay of treatment for patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous population-based studies report CS exposure rates range from 39 to 75 % within the first year of diagnosis with surgical resection rates as high as 13-18 % in the same time frame. These reports represent an older cohort of patients enrolled over prolonged periods of time and do not necessarily reflect current treatment approaches. We examine CS use during the first year of IBD diagnosis in a community-based, inception cohort. METHODS: Data were derived from the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry (OSCCAR), a prospective inception cohort of IBD patients who are residents of Rhode Island. RESULTS: A total of 272 patients were included in the current analyses. Overall, 60 % of Crohn's disease and 57 % of ulcerative colitis patients were exposed to at least one course of CS during year 1 of study enrollment. Most notably, only 2 % of patients (n = 5) required a surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: In this community-based cohort, 59 % of patients were exposed to at least one course of CS during their first year of enrollment. In contrast to previous studies, OSCCAR represents a more modern cohort of patients. While steroid exposure rates were similar or slightly higher than those in previous reports, we observed a low rate of surgical resection. As our cohort ages, future analysis will focus on the role more contemporary agents may play on the low rates of surgery we observed. |
Body image dissatisfaction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Saha S , Zhao Y , Shah SA , Esposti SD , Lidofsky S , Bright R , Law M , Moniz H , Samad Z , Merrick M , Sands BE . Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015 21 (2) 345-52 BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and their treatments may affect physical appearance, the effect of IBD on body image is poorly understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether body image dissatisfaction (BID) changes over time in patients with IBD and to examine the demographic and disease-related variables associated with decreased body image. METHODS: Adults aged 18 and above in the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry with at least 2 years of follow-up were eligible for this study. All patients were enrolled within 6 months of IBD diagnosis and followed prospectively. BID was assessed using a modified version of the Adapted Satisfaction With Appearance questionnaire. Total Adapted Satisfaction With Appearance scores and 2 subscores were calculated. To assess for changes over time, general linear models for correlated data were used for continuous outcomes, and generalized estimating equations were used for discrete outcomes. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-four patients were studied. BID was found to be stable over time among men and women with IBD despite overall improvements in disease activity. No differences were found in BID according to IBD subtype. Female gender, greater disease activity, higher symptom burden, longer duration of steroid use, dermatologic and musculoskeletal manifestations of IBD, and ileocolonic disease location among patients with Crohn's disease were associated with greater BID. Greater BID was associated with lower health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: BID remains stable in an incident cohort of IBD despite improved disease activity and is associated with lower health-related quality of life. |
Uptake of oral rotavirus vaccine and timeliness of routine immunization in Brazil's national immunization program
Flannery B , Samad S , de Moraes JC , Tate JE , Danovaro-Holliday MC , de Oliveira LH , Rainey JJ . Vaccine 2013 31 (11) 1523-8 INTRODUCTION: In March, 2006, oral rotavirus vaccine was added to Brazil's infant immunization schedule with recommended upper age limits for initiating (by age 14 weeks) and completing (by age 24 weeks) the two-dose series to minimize age-specific risk of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination. Several years after introduction, estimated coverage with rotavirus vaccine (83%) was lower compared to coverage for other recommended childhood immunizations (≥94%). METHODS: We analyzed data from Brazil's national immunization program on uptake of oral rotavirus vaccine by geographic region and compared administrative coverage estimates for first and second doses of oral rotavirus vaccine (Rota1 and Rota2) with first and second doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTP-Hib1 and DTP-Hib2). For 27 Brazilian cities, we compared differences between estimated rotavirus and DTP-Hib coverage in 2010 with delayed receipt of DTP-Hib vaccine among a cohort of children surveyed before rotavirus introduction. RESULTS: In 2010, infant vaccination coverage was 99.0% for DTP-Hib1 versus 95.2% for Rota1 (3.8% difference), and 98.4% for DTP-Hib2 versus 83.0% for Rota2 (15.4% difference), with substantial regional variation. Differences between DTP-Hib and rotavirus vaccination coverage in Brazilian cities correlated with delay in DTP-Hib vaccination among children surveyed. Age restrictions for initiating and completing the rotavirus vaccination series likely contributed to lower coverage with rotavirus vaccine in Brazil. CONCLUSION: To maximize benefits of rotavirus vaccination, strategies are needed to improve timeliness of routine immunizations; monitoring rotavirus vaccine uptake and intussusception risk is needed to guide further recommendations for rotavirus vaccination. |
Historical analysis of birth cohorts not vaccinated against rubella prior to national rubella vaccination campaign, Brazil
Segatto C , Samad S , Mengue SS , Rodrigues G , Flannery B , Toscano CM . J Infect Dis 2011 204 Suppl 2 S608-15 BACKGROUND: Brazil conducted mass rubella vaccination campaigns to meet disease elimination goals by 2010. An analysis of rubella vaccination opportunities was conducted to target population groups with concentrations of unvaccinated individuals. METHODS: Rubella vaccination strategies for all 27 states were reviewed between 1992 and 2006. Yearly vaccination coverage was calculated by dividing number of doses of measles-rubella or measles-mumps-rubella vaccines administered by census estimates of target populations. For annual birth cohorts (1967-2005), percentages of persons not vaccinated prior to 2007 were estimated by subtracting the highest coverage obtained in any vaccination strategy (routine or campaign) from 100%. Cohort analysis results were compared with rubella incidence by population group. RESULTS: An estimated 28.9 million males and 7.7 million females aged 2-40 years in 2007 remained unvaccinated against rubella, corresponding to 43.0% of males and 11.5% of females of these ages in Brazil. The highest percentages of unvaccinated birth cohorts (93.6%-98.1%) were identified among males aged 26-40 years. In rubella outbreaks reported during 2007, the highest disease incidence (22 cases per 100000 population) occurred among males aged 20-29 years. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of rubella vaccination opportunities identified concentrations of unvaccinated adults and adolescents for targeting mass vaccination to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Brazil. |
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