Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Redfield RR[original query] |
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Redoubling efforts to help Americans quit smoking - federal initiatives to tackle the country's longest-running epidemic
Redfield RR , Hahn SM , Sharpless NE . N Engl J Med 2020 383 (17) 1606-1609 The 2020 U.S. Surgeon General’s report on smoking cessation1 is the first such report to focus on this topic since 1990. Its release came as the Department of Health and Human Services was investigating an outbreak of deadly lung injuries linked to the use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Although these products pose a new public health challenge, we cannot lose sight of the fact that the burden of death and disease associated with tobacco use in the United States is still overwhelmingly caused by combusted tobacco products, especially conventional cigarettes.2 The rate of cigarette smoking among U.S. adults is 13.7%, its lowest point since monitoring of smoking rates began in 1965,1 yet smoking remains the country’s leading preventable cause of death and disease, and it costs the United States more than $300 billion annually.2,3 Increasing smoking-cessation rates among adults is the fastest way to reduce this health and economic burden.1 As leaders of three of the federal agencies responsible for reducing tobacco-product use, we are committed to intensifying our efforts to help Americans quit smoking. |
Preventing and Responding to COVID-19 on College Campuses.
Walke HT , Honein MA , Redfield RR . JAMA 2020 324 (17) 1727-1728 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present public health and societal challenges worldwide. Concerted public health efforts in the US at the local, state, territorial, national, and tribal levels remain paramount to protecting the population, particularly those at greatest risk for severe illness and death. Throughout the summer months, younger people accounted increasingly for confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in all US regions, with highest incidence among young adults aged 20 through 29 years during June to August, and with young adults (20–39 years) contributing to the large regional increases in the southern US during June 2020.1 |
Ebola Response Priorities in the Time of Covid-19.
Christie A , Neatherlin JC , Nichol ST , Beach M , Redfield RR . N Engl J Med 2020 383 (13) 1202-1204 On April 10, 2020, a total of 53 days after the last patient with Ebola virus disease (EVD) had been isolated and more than 23 months since the start of the 10th EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a new confirmed case was reported in the Beni health zone. This case, and the six that followed, brought the total to 3462 cases — the second-largest Ebola outbreak in history. Although the outbreak was declared over on June 25, 2020, additional cases attributable to persistently infected survivors may occur. Therefore, surveillance and rapid-response capacity should be maintained, not only for a duration equivalent to two incubation periods (42 days) after the last confirmed case tested negative, but also for at least 90 additional days of enhanced surveillance. |
Addressing Influenza Vaccination Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Grohskopf LA , Liburd LC , Redfield RR . JAMA 2020 324 (11) 1029-1030 Each year, influenza poses a substantial burden on communities and health care systems. During the 3 most recent influenza seasons (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019), influenza is estimated to have been associated with 29 million to 45 million illnesses, 14 million to 21 million medical visits, 490 600 to 810 000 hospitalizations, and 34 200 to 61 000 deaths each season in the US.1 During the fall of 2020, both influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; the virus associated with coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) are anticipated to circulate. |
Universal Masking to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission-The Time Is Now.
Brooks JT , Butler JC , Redfield RR . JAMA 2020 324 (7) 635-637 In this issue of JAMA, Wang et al present evidence that universal masking of health care workers (HCWs) and patients can help reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections.1 In the largest health care system in Massachusetts with more than 75 000 employees, in tandem with routine symptom screening and diagnostic testing of symptomatic HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 infection, leadership mandated a policy of universal masking for all HCWs as well as for all patients. The authors present data that prior to implementation of universal masking in late March 2020, new infections among HCWs with direct or indirect patient contact were increasing exponentially, from 0% to 21.3% (a mean increase of 1.16% per day). However, after the universal masking policy was in place, the proportion of symptomatic HCWs with positive test results steadily declined, from 14.7% to 11.5% (a mean decrease of 0.49% per day). Although not a randomized clinical trial, this study provides critically important data to emphasize that masking helps prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2. |
Covid-19 - Navigating the Uncharted.
Fauci AS , Lane HC , Redfield RR . N Engl J Med 2020 382 (13) 1268-1269 ![]() The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease that was recently given the name Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 was recognized in December 2019.1 It was rapidly shown to be caused by a novel coronavirus that is structurally related to the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). As in two preceding instances of emergence of coronavirus disease in the past 18 years2 — SARS (2002 and 2003) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (2012 to the present) — the Covid-19 outbreak has posed critical challenges for the public health, research, and medical communities. |
Health care autonomy of women living with HIV
Redfield RR , Modi S , Moore CA , Delaney A , Honein MA , Tomlinson HL . N Engl J Med 2019 381 (9) 798-800 In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 60% of all adults living with HIV in 2018 were women, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (https://aidsinfo.unaids.org). |
Ending the HIV epidemic: A plan for the United States
Fauci AS , Redfield RR , Sigounas G , Weahkee MD , Giroir BP . JAMA 2019 321 (9) 844-845 In the State of the Union Address on February 5, 2019, President Donald J. Trump announced his administration’s goal to end the HIV epidemic in the United States within 10 years. The president’s budget will ask Republicans and Democrats to make the needed commitment to support a concrete plan to achieve this goal. While landmark biomedical and scientific research advances have led to the development of many successful HIV treatment regimens, prevention strategies, and improved care for persons with HIV, the HIV pandemic remains a public health crisis in the United States and globally. |
Public health surveillance of prenatal opioid exposure in mothers and infants
Honein MA , Boyle C , Redfield RR . Pediatrics 2019 143 (3) The US opioid crisis is the public health emergency of our time and requires urgent public health action to monitor and protect the most vulnerable Americans. We have witnessed a startling death toll in 2017 with 70 237 drug overdose deaths in the United States, of which two-thirds involved opioids. The devastating consequences of this epidemic for mothers and infants have received less attention. Increases in opioid use and misuse in pregnancy have paralleled the increases in the general population; at delivery hospitalization, there were 4 times as many women with an opioid use disorder in 2014 compared with 1999. One of the most immediate and visible impacts of the opioid crisis on infants is the drug withdrawal in the newborn period, termed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). On the basis of 2014 data, 1 newborn was diagnosed with NAS every 15 minutes in the United States, totaling about 32 000 infants annually with associated hospital costs estimated at $563 million. |
New tools in the Ebola arsenal
Damon IK , Rollin PE , Choi MJ , Arthur RR , Redfield RR . N Engl J Med 2018 379 (21) 1981-1983 ![]() Human Ebola virus disease can be caused by four viruses: Sudan virus, Tai Forest virus, Bundibugyo virus, and Ebola virus (EBOV, species Zaire ebolavirus). The 2014 outbreak of EBOV in West Africa was the worst ever, with more than 28,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths in Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Mali. Investigational studies undertaken during the latter stages of the response, however, have led to progress in the development and use of biologic and chemical compounds to treat EBOV and Ebola virus disease (EVD). Recommendations to study vaccines and therapeutics and evaluate their benefit in the context of Ebola responses have been issued by a panel of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the form of an EVD Blueprint.1,2 |
Patient-level outcomes and virologic suppression rates in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda
Riedel DJ , Stafford KA , Memiah P , Coker M , Baribwira C , Sebeza J , Karorero E , Nsanzimana S , Morales F , Redfield RR . Int J STD AIDS 2018 29 (9) 956462418761695 The Rwanda national HIV program has been successful at scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) to achieve universal access. The AIDSRelief Model of Care focuses on four key principles: (1) earlier initiation of ART; (2) use of durable, highly-potent, and sequence-friendly first-line ART regimens; (3) early detection of treatment failure; and (4) provision of community-based care and support to ensure optimal adherence and follow up/engagement in care. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of randomly-selected HIV-infected patients at AIDSRelief-supported sites using a stratified, random sample of 583 adults (>15 years) who initiated ART from 30 June 2008 to 1 February 2010. At ART initiation, the median patient age was 38 years, and 67% were female. The baseline median CD4+ cell count was 309 cells/mm(3). Overall virologic suppression was 91%. Married/ever married status (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 3.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-10.78) and self-reported adherence >/=95% in the past month (aPOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.00-7.62) were significantly associated with viral suppression in the multivariable model. Excellent virologic outcomes were achieved in Rwandan AIDSRelief sites utilizing the AIDSRelief Model of Care during the scale-up of ART in the country. |
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