Last data update: Jun 03, 2024. (Total: 46935 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Nogee D [original query] |
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Monitoring trends in lacrimator exposures using the National Poison Data System: 2000-2021
Nogee D , Therriault C , Yeh M , Kieszak S , Schnall A , Brown K , Bronstein A , Chang A , Svendsen E . Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023 61 (7) 1-8 CONTEXT: Lacrimators are used by individuals for personal defense and by police for crowd control during periods of civil unrest. Increased public awareness about their use has raised concerns about their application and safety. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of lacrimator exposures in the United States, we describe temporal trends of calls to poison centers by demographics, substances, medical outcomes, exposure sites, and scenarios. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis was performed for all single-substance lacrimator exposures in the United States reported to the National Poison Data System between 2000 and 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine demographic characteristics, geographic distribution, product types and medical outcomes associated with lacrimator exposures. RESULTS: A total of 107,149 lacrimator exposure calls were identified. There was an overall decrease in calls per year, from 6,521 calls in 2000 to 2,520 in 2020, followed by an increase to 3,311 calls in 2021. A declining trend was observed independent of total poison center call volume. Oleoresin capsicum was the most commonly reported substance (81,990, 76.5%). Individuals ages 19 years and younger accounted for 62% of calls, but adults ages 20 and over were more likely to develop major clinical effects (odds ratio 3.03; 95% confidence interval 1.91-4.81; P < 0.0001). The most common exposure site was "own residence," followed by schools. School exposures accounted for 15.8% of exposures in children ages 6-12 years and 37.7% in adolescents. Among calls with documented scenarios, 19.7% involved unintentional exposures due to children accessing lacrimators. CONCLUSION: Lacrimator exposure calls to United States poison centers decreased from 2000 to 2021. Most calls pertain to oleoresin capsicum and individuals ages 19 and younger. Improper storage allowing children to have access to these chemicals, is a common scenario. Public safety interventions such as education about safe storage and use of lacrimators, improved product design, or regulatory changes may prevent unintentional exposures. |
Notes from the Field: Acute Nonviral Hepatitis Linked to a Brand of Alkaline Bottled Water - Clark County, Nevada and California, 2020
Ruff JC , Zhang Y , Bui DP , Therriault C , Nogee D , Guthery SL , Daniel J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (46) 1617-1619 During November 10–December 3, 2020, five previously healthy children aged 7 months–5 years in Clark County, Nevada, were hospitalized with lethargy and hypoglycemia after vomiting for several days. Clinical findings satisfied criteria for acute liver failure (1), and the children were transferred to a tertiary care children’s hospital for potential liver transplantation. No etiology was identified despite extensive medical evaluations. The Southern Nevada Health District (SNHD) was notified of this unusual cluster, and staff members reviewed medical records and interviewed parents to identify common exposures. Multiple household members from two households reported vomiting within the same time frame as the children, and one adult household member had been hospitalized with unexplained liver abnormalities several months earlier. Further investigation revealed that all patients and symptomatic household members consumed “Re2al Alkalized Water” brand bottled water before illness onset; no other shared exposures were reported. |
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