Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Nemhauser JB[original query] |
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Travel history among persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the United States, December 2020-February 2021.
Dunajcik A , Haire K , Thomas JD , Moriarty LF , Springer Y , Villanueva JM , MacNeil A , Silk B , Nemhauser JB , Byrkit R , Taylor M , Queen K , Tong S , Lee J , Batra D , Paden C , Henderson T , Kunkes A , Ojo M , Firestone M , Martin Webb L , Freeland M , Brown CM , Williams T , Allen K , Kauerauf J , Wilson E , Jain S , McDonald E , Silver E , Stous S , Wadford D , Radcliffe R , Marriott C , Owes JP , Bart SM , Sosa LE , Oakeson K , Wodniak N , Shaffner J , Brown Q , Westergaard R , Salinas A , Hallyburton S , Ogale Y , Offutt-Powell T , Bonner K , Tubach S , Van Houten C , Hughes V , Reeb V , Galeazzi C , Khuntia S , McGee S , Hicks JT , Dinesh Patel D , Krueger A , Hughes S , Jeanty F , Wang JC , Lee EH , Assanah-Deane T , Tompkins M , Dougherty K , Naqvi O , Donahue M , Frederick J , Abdalhamid B , Powers AM , Anderson M . PLOS Glob Public Health 2023 3 (3) e0001252 ![]() The first three SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic lineages classified as variants of concern (VOCs) in the United States (U.S.) from December 15, 2020 to February 28, 2021, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P.1) lineages, were initially detected internationally. This investigation examined available travel history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported in the U.S. in whom laboratory testing showed one of these initial VOCs. Travel history, demographics, and health outcomes for a convenience sample of persons infected with a SARS-CoV-2 VOC from December 15, 2020 through February 28, 2021 were provided by 35 state and city health departments, and proportion reporting travel was calculated. Of 1,761 confirmed VOC cases analyzed, 1,368 had available data on travel history. Of those with data on travel history, 1,168 (85%) reported no travel preceding laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 and only 105 (8%) reported international travel during the 30 days preceding a positive SARS-CoV-2 test or symptom onset. International travel was reported by 92/1,304 (7%) of persons infected with the Alpha variant, 7/55 (22%) with Beta, and 5/9 (56%) with Gamma. Of the first three SARS-CoV-2 lineages designated as VOCs in the U.S., international travel was common only among the few Gamma cases. Most persons infected with Alpha and Beta variant reported no travel history, therefore, community transmission of these VOCs was likely common in the U.S. by March 2021. These findings underscore the importance of global surveillance using whole genome sequencing to detect and inform mitigation strategies for emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. |
Update: Interim guidance for health care providers caring for pregnant women with possible Zika virus exposure - United States (including U.S. territories), July 2017
Oduyebo T , Polen KD , Walke HT , Reagan-Steiner S , Lathrop E , Rabe IB , Kuhnert-Tallman WL , Martin SW , Walker AT , Gregory CJ , Ades EW , Carroll DS , Rivera M , Perez-Padilla J , Gould C , Nemhauser JB , Ben Beard C , Harcourt JL , Viens L , Johansson M , Ellington SR , Petersen E , Smith LA , Reichard J , Munoz-Jordan J , Beach MJ , Rose DA , Barzilay E , Noonan-Smith M , Jamieson DJ , Zaki SR , Petersen LR , Honein MA , Meaney-Delman D . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017 66 (29) 781-793 CDC has updated the interim guidance for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women with possible Zika virus exposure in response to 1) declining prevalence of Zika virus disease in the World Health Organization's Region of the Americas (Americas) and 2) emerging evidence indicating prolonged detection of Zika virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Zika virus cases were first reported in the Americas during 2015-2016; however, the incidence of Zika virus disease has since declined. As the prevalence of Zika virus disease declines, the likelihood of false-positive test results increases. In addition, emerging epidemiologic and laboratory data indicate that, as is the case with other flaviviruses, Zika virus IgM antibodies can persist beyond 12 weeks after infection. Therefore, IgM test results cannot always reliably distinguish between an infection that occurred during the current pregnancy and one that occurred before the current pregnancy, particularly for women with possible Zika virus exposure before the current pregnancy. These limitations should be considered when counseling pregnant women about the risks and benefits of testing for Zika virus infection during pregnancy. This updated guidance emphasizes a shared decision-making model for testing and screening pregnant women, one in which patients and providers work together to make decisions about testing and care plans based on patient preferences and values, clinical judgment, and a balanced assessment of risks and expected outcomes. |
Murder by radiation poisoning: implications for public health
Miller CW , Whitcomb RC , Ansari A , McCurley C , Nemhauser JB , Jones R . J Environ Health 2012 74 (10) 8-13 On November 23, 2006, former Russian military intelligence officer Alexander Litvinenko died in a London hospital. Authorities determined he was deliberately poisoned with the radionuclide Polonium-210 (210Po). Police subsequently discovered that those involved in this crime had--apparently inadvertently--spread 210Po over many locations in London. The United Kingdom Health Protection Agency (HPA) contacted many persons who might have been exposed to 210Po and provided voluntary urine testing. Some of those identified as potentially exposed were U.S. citizens, whom the HPA requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assist in contacting. CDC also provided health care professionals and state and local public health officials with guidance as to how they might respond should a Litvinenko-like incident occur in the U.S. This guidance has resulted in the identification of a number of lessons that can be useful to public health and medical authorities in planning for radiological incidents. Eight such lessons are discussed in this article. |
Acute radiation syndrome: assessment and management
Donnelly EH , Nemhauser JB , Smith JM , Kazzi ZN , Farfan EB , Chang AS , Naeem SF . South Med J 2010 103 (6) 541-546 Primary care physicians may be unprepared to diagnose and treat rare, yet potentially fatal, illnesses such as acute radiation syndrome (ARS). ARS, also known as radiation sickness, is caused by exposure to a high dose of penetrating, ionizing radiation over a short period of time. The time to onset of ARS is dependent on the dose received, but even at the lowest doses capable of causing illness, this will occur within a matter of hours to days. This article describes the clinical manifestations of ARS, provides guidelines for assessing its severity, and makes recommendations for managing ARS victims. Copyright copyright 2010 by The Southern Medical Association. |
The polonium-210 public health assessment: the need for medical toxicology expertise in radiation terrorism events
Nemhauser JB . J Med Toxicol 2010 6 (3) 355-9 In 1989, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | (CDC) brought together a group of subject matter experts to | form the Radiation Studies Branch (RSB). CDC tasked the | RSB staff with assessing potential environmental health | impacts of radiation released from US Department of | Energy nuclear weapons production facilities. Shortly | after the September 11, 2001 attacks, however, the | mission of the RSB expanded to include (and to focus | on) preparing the nation’s public health community, | healthcare providers and citizens for intentional (i.e., | terrorism-related) radiological incidents, accidents involving exposures to radiation, and unintentional environmental releases of radioactive materials. | In late 2006, an event occurred in the UK for which the | RSB was uniquely suited to respond. The radioactive | isotope polonium-210 (210Po) was deliberately used as a | weapon against one person and, perhaps accidentally, | released into the environment. Initially, it was unclear | how many bystanders might have been unintended victims | of the radioactive chemical. Some of those bystanders | included American citizens travelling abroad at the time |
Medical toxicology and public health: update on research and activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry : introduction to activities at the Radiation Studies Branch
Kazzi ZN , Nemhauser JB , Ansari A , McCurley C , Whitcomb R , Miller C . J Med Toxicol 2010 6 (2) 230-3 The Radiation Studies Branch (RSB) was formed in 1989 | as part of the Division of Environmental Hazards and | Health Effects in the Centers for Disease Control and | Prevention’s National Center for Environmental Health | (NCEH) [Fig. 1]. At that time, branch staff focused | primarily on assessing the potential environmental health | effect of radiation released from Department of Energy | Nuclear Weapons Production Facilities. After the events of | September 11, 2001, however, the RSB assumed additional | responsibilities in public health preparedness. This effort is | largely directed toward preparing the nation’s public health | community, healthcare providers, and citizens for various | scenarios. These include intentional (i.e., terrorism-related) | radiological incidents, accidents involving radiation exposure, and unintentional environmental releases of radioactive materials. |
Medical response to a major radiologic emergency: a primer for medical and public health practitioners
Wolbarst AB , Wiley AL Jr , Nemhauser JB , Christensen DM , Hendee WR . Radiology 2010 254 (3) 660-77 There are several types of serious nuclear or radiologic emergencies that would require a specialized medical response. Four scenarios of great public health, economic, and psychologic impact are the detonation of a nuclear weapon, the meltdown of a nuclear reactor, the explosion of a large radiologic dispersal device ("dirty bomb"), or the surreptitious placement of a radiation exposure device in a public area of high population density. With any of these, medical facilities that remain functional may have to deal with large numbers of ill, wounded, and probably contaminated people. Special care and/or handling will be needed for those with trauma, blast injuries, or thermal burns as well as significant radiation exposures or contamination. In addition, radiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, and radiation oncologists will be called on to perform a number of diverse and critically important tasks, including advising political and public health leaders, interfacing with the media, managing essential resources, and, of course, providing medical care. This article describes the medical responses needed following a radiologic or nuclear incident, including the symptoms of and specific treatments for acute radiation syndrome and other early health effects. (c) RSNA, 2010 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.09090330/-/DC1. |
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