Last data update: Jan 27, 2025. (Total: 48650 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Monroe SS[original query] |
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Complete Genome Sequences of Human Astrovirus Prototype Strains (Types 1 to 8).
Castro CJ , Reynolds E , Monroe SS , Marine RL , Vinje J . Microbiol Resour Announc 2019 8 (7) ![]() ![]() We report the complete genome sequences of the eight human astrovirus Oxford prototype strains. These sequences share 94.9% to 99.9% nucleotide identity with open reading frame 2 (ORF2) genes of astrovirus genomes previously deposited in GenBank and include the first complete genome of human astrovirus type 7. |
Reduced evolutionary rate in reemerged Ebola virus transmission chains.
Blackley DJ , Wiley MR , Ladner JT , Fallah M , Lo T , Gilbert ML , Gregory C , D'Ambrozio J , Coulter S , Mate S , Balogun Z , Kugelman J , Nwachukwu W , Prieto K , Yeiah A , Amegashie F , Kearney B , Wisniewski M , Saindon J , Schroth G , Fakoli L , Diclaro JW 2nd , Kuhn JH , Hensley LE , Jahrling PB , Stroher U , Nichol ST , Massaquoi M , Kateh F , Clement P , Gasasira A , Bolay F , Monroe SS , Rambaut A , Sanchez-Lockhart M , Scott Laney A , Nyenswah T , Christie A , Palacios G . Sci Adv 2016 2 (4) e1600378 ![]() On 29 June 2015, Liberia's respite from Ebola virus disease (EVD) was interrupted for the second time by a renewed outbreak ("flare-up") of seven confirmed cases. We demonstrate that, similar to the March 2015 flare-up associated with sexual transmission, this new flare-up was a reemergence of a Liberian transmission chain originating from a persistently infected source rather than a reintroduction from a reservoir or a neighboring country with active transmission. Although distinct, Ebola virus (EBOV) genomes from both flare-ups exhibit significantly low genetic divergence, indicating a reduced rate of EBOV evolution during persistent infection. Using this rate of change as a signature, we identified two additional EVD clusters that possibly arose from persistently infected sources. These findings highlight the risk of EVD flare-ups even after an outbreak is declared over. |
The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States
Bresee JS , Marcus R , Venezia RA , Keene WE , Morse D , Thanassi M , Brunett P , Bulens S , Beard RS , Dauphin LA , Slutsker L , Bopp C , Eberhard M , Hall A , Vinje J , Monroe SS , Glass RI . J Infect Dis 2012 205 (9) 1374-81 BACKGROUND: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a common cause of clinic visits and hospitalizations in the United States, but the etiology is rarely determined. METHODS: We performed a prospective, multicenter emergency department-based study of adults with AGE. Subjects were interviewed on presentation and 3-4 weeks later. Serum samples, rectal swab specimens, and/or whole stool specimens were collected at presentation, and serum was collected 3-4 weeks later. Fecal specimens were tested for a comprehensive panel of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens; serum was tested for calicivirus antibodies. RESULTS: Pathogens were detected in 25% of 364 subjects, including 49% who provided a whole stool specimen. The most commonly detected pathogens were norovirus (26%), rotavirus (18%), and Salmonella species (5.3%). Pathogens were detected significantly more often from whole stool samples versus a rectal swab specimen alone. Nine percent of subjects who provided whole stool samples had >1 pathogen identified. CONCLUSIONS: Viruses, especially noroviruses, play a major role as agents of severe diarrhea in adults. Further studies to confirm the unexpectedly high prevalence of rotaviruses and to explore the causes of illness among patients from whom a pathogen cannot be determined are needed. Studies of enteric pathogens should require the collection of whole stool samples. |
Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever with neurologic findings on the Malawi-Mozambique border
Lutterloh E , Likaka A , Sejvar J , Manda R , Naiene J , Monroe SS , Khaila T , Chilima B , Mallewa M , Kampondeni SD , Lowther SA , Capewell L , Date K , Townes D , Redwood Y , Schier JG , Nygren B , Tippett Barr B , Demby A , Phiri A , Lungu R , Kaphiyo J , Humphrys M , Talkington D , Joyce K , Stockman LJ , Armstrong GL , Mintz E . Clin Infect Dis 2012 54 (8) 1100-6 ![]() BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes an estimated 22 million cases of typhoid fever and 216,000 deaths annually worldwide. We investigated an outbreak of unexplained febrile illnesses with neurologic findings, determined to be typhoid fever, along the Malawi-Mozambique border. METHODS: The investigation included active surveillance, interviews, examinations of ill and convalescent persons, medical chart reviews, and laboratory testing. Classification as a suspected case required fever and ≥1 other finding (eg, headache or abdominal pain); a probable case required fever and a positive rapid immunoglobulin M antibody test for typhoid (TUBEX TF); a confirmed case required isolation of Salmonella Typhi from blood or stool. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: We identified 303 cases from 18 villages with onset during March-November 2009; 214 were suspected, 43 were probable, and 46 were confirmed cases. Forty patients presented with focal neurologic abnormalities, including a constellation of upper motor neuron signs (n=19), ataxia (n=22), and parkinsonism (n=8). Eleven patients died. All 42 isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 4 were also resistant to nalidixic acid. Thirty-five of 42 isolates were indistinguishable by PFGE. CONCLUSIONS: The unusual neurologic manifestations posed a diagnostic challenge that was resolved through rapid typhoid antibody testing in the field and subsequent blood culture confirmation in the Malawi national reference laboratory. Extending laboratory diagnostic capacity, including blood culture, to populations at risk for typhoid fever in Africa will improve outbreak detection, response, and clinical treatment. |
Control and prevention of viral gastroenteritis
Monroe SS . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (8) 1347-8 Diarrheal illness remains 1 of the top 5 causes of death in low-income and middle-income countries, especially for children <5 years of age. Introduction of universal childhood vaccination against rotaviruses has greatly reduced the incidence and severity of illness in upper-income and lower-income settings. For adults, norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrheal illness and is responsible for nearly 21 million episodes annually in the United States, of which 5.5 million are foodborne. Public health efforts to control and prevent norovirus illness have focused on rapid outbreak detection and source identification and control of transmission in institutional settings. |
Enhanced surveillance of norovirus outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Georgia
Widdowson MA , Bulens SN , Beard RS , Lane KM , Monroe SS , Lance S , Bresee JS , Glass RI . Public Health Rep 2011 126 (2) 251-8 OBJECTIVES: The role of noroviruses in both foodborne and person-to-person outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has been difficult to determine in the U.S. because of lack of routine norovirus testing and of national reporting of person-to-person outbreaks. We conducted a prospective study in one state in which enhanced testing for noroviruses was performed to better understand the relative contribution of all gastroenteric pathogens. METHODS: During the two-year period, 2000-2001, we took all fecal specimens from AGE outbreaks reported in Georgia that were negative for bacteria and tested these for norovirus. RESULTS: We investigated 78 AGE outbreaks, from which suitable fecal samples were collected from 57 of them. Norovirus was identified in 25 (44%) outbreaks, bacteria in 20 (35%) outbreaks, and parasites in one (2%) outbreak. Forty-three (75%) of the outbreaks tested were foodborne, of which 17 (40%) were attributable to norovirus and 18 (42%) were attributable to bacteria. Adjusting for incomplete testing, we estimated that 53% of all AGE outbreaks were attributable to norovirus. A total of 2,674 people were reported ill in the 57 outbreaks, and norovirus infections accounted for 1,735 (65%) of these cases. Norovirus outbreaks tended to be larger than bacterial outbreaks, with a median number of 30 vs. 16 cases per outbreak, respectively (p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence that noroviruses are, overall, the most common cause of AGE outbreaks in the U.S. Improved specimen collection, reporting person-to-person outbreaks, and access to molecular assays are needed to further understand the role of these viruses and methods for their prevention. |
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