Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Mitchell SL [original query] |
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Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time PCR.
Winchell JM , Mitchell SL . Methods Mol Biol 2013 943 149-58 Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory disease, accounting for approximately 20% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Although several diagnostic methods exist to detect M. pneumoniae in respiratory specimens, real-time PCR has emerged as a significant improvement for the rapid diagnosis of this pathogen. The method described herein details the procedure for the detection of M. pneumoniae by real-time PCR (qPCR). The qPCR assay described can be performed with three targets specific for M. pneumoniae (Mp181, Mp3, and Mp7) and one marker for the detection of the RNaseP gene found in human nucleic acid as an internal control reaction. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of this procedure to reliably identify this agent and facilitate the timely recognition of an outbreak. |
Outbreak of pneumonia in the setting of fatal pneumococcal meningitis among US Army trainees: potential role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection
Dawood FS , Ambrose JF , Russell BP , Hawksworth AW , Winchell JM , Glass N , Thurman K , Soltis MA , McDonough E , Warner AK , Weston E , Clemmons NS , Rosen J , Mitchell SL , Faix DJ , Blair PJ , Moore MR , Lowery J . BMC Infect Dis 2011 11 (1) 157 BACKGROUND: Compared to the civilian population, military trainees are often at increased risk for respiratory infections. We investigated an outbreak of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia that was recognized after 2 fatal cases of serotype 7F pneumococcal meningitis were reported in a 303-person military trainee company (Alpha Company). METHODS: We reviewed surveillance data on pneumonia and febrile respiratory illness at the training facility; conducted chart reviews for cases of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia; and administered surveys and collected nasopharyngeal swabs from trainees in the outbreak battalion (Alpha and Hotel Companies), associated training staff, and trainees newly joining the battalion. RESULTS: Among Alpha and Hotel Company trainees, the average weekly attack rates of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were 1.4% and 1.2% (most other companies at FLW: 0-0.4%). The pneumococcal carriage rate among all Alpha Company trainees was 15% with a predominance of serotypes 7F and 3. Chlamydia pneumoniae was identified from 31% of specimens collected from Alpha Company trainees with respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although the etiology of the outbreak remains unclear, the identification of both S. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae among trainees suggests that both pathogens may have contributed either independently or as cofactors to the observed increased incidence of pneumonia in the outbreak battalion and should be considered as possible etiologies in outbreaks of pneumonia in the military population. |
Epidemiology of respiratory infections caused by atypical bacteria in two Kenyan refugee camps
Kim C , Nyoka R , Ahmed JA , Winchell JM , Mitchell SL , Kariuki Njenga M , Auko E , Burton W , Breiman RF , Eidex RB . J Immigr Minor Health 2011 14 (1) 140-5 Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. are common causes of atypical pneumonia; however, data about these atypical pathogens are limited in the refugee setting. Paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from patients with respiratory illness presenting to healthcare centers in two refugee camps in Kenya. The specimens were tested for C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and Legionella spp. as well as eight respiratory viruses. Atypical pathogens were detected in 5.5% of the specimens of which 54% were co-infected with at least one of the eight viruses tested. Patients positive for atypical bacteria co-infected with virus were significantly more likely to have severe acute respiratory illness than patients infected with only atypical bacteria (P = 0.04). While the percentage of atypical pathogens identified was lower than expected, we found a significant relationship between atypical bacterial-viral co-infection and severity of disease in this refugee population. |
Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use among nursing home residents: findings from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey
Stevenson DG , Decker SL , Dwyer LL , Huskamp HA , Grabowski DC , Metzger ED , Mitchell SL . Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010 18 (12) 1078-92 OBJECTIVES: To document the extent and appropriateness of use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines among nursing home residents using a nationally representative survey. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses examined relationships between resident and facility characteristics and antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use by appropriateness classification among residents aged 60 years and older (N = 12,090). Resident diagnoses and information about behavioral problems were used to categorize antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use as appropriate, potentially appropriate, or having no appropriate indication. RESULTS: More than one quarter (26%) of nursing home residents used an antipsychotic medication, 40% of whom had no appropriate indication for such use. Among the 13% of residents who took benzodiazepines, 42% had no appropriate indication. In adjusted analyses, the odds of residents taking an antipsychotic without an appropriate indication were highest for residents with diagnoses of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.53), dementia (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.52-2.18), and with behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.56-2.50). The odds of potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use increased as the percentage of Medicaid residents in a facility increased (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and decreased as the percentage of Medicare residents increased (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25-0.83). The odds of taking a benzodiazepine without an appropriate indication were highest among residents who were female (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18-1.75), white (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.47-2.60), and had behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.41-2.01). CONCLUSION: Antipsychotics and benzodiazepines seem to be commonly prescribed to residents lacking an appropriate indication for their use. |
Genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates using real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis
Schwartz SB , Thurman KA , Mitchell SL , Wolff BJ , Winchell JM . Clin Microbiol Infect 2009 15 (8) 756-62 Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, accounting for up to 25% of community-acquired pneumonia, and is a common cause of hospitalized pneumonia in otherwise healthy adults and children. Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates can be classified into two main genomic groups (type 1 and type 2) based on sequence variation within the gene encoding the major adhesion molecule P1. Although numerous publications have described real-time PCR assays for the detection of M. pneumoniae, none has been able to discriminate the two genomic types. Here, a real-time PCR assay that can distinguish each type of M. pneumoniae utilizing high-resolution melt-curve analysis is reported. Using this method, 102 isolates obtained from patients from 1965 to the present, including those from recent outbreaks, were typed along with reference strains M129 (type 1) and FH (type 2). The results show that 55 isolates (54%) can be classified as type 1 and 47 isolates (46%) as type 2, and 100% correlation was demonstrated when compared with a standard PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing procedure. Typing of isolates obtained from recent outbreaks in the USA has revealed the presence of both types. This assay provides a rapid, reliable and convenient method for typing M. pneumoniae isolates and may be useful for surveillance purposes and epidemiological investigations, and may provide insight into the biology of M. pneumoniae distribution within populations. |
Identification of P1 variants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae using High Resolution Melt Analysis
Schwartz SB , Mitchell SL , Thurman KA , Wolff BJ , Winchell JM . J Clin Microbiol 2009 47 (12) 4117-20 Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Although two genetically distinct types of M. pneumoniae are known, variants of each also exist. We used a real-time PCR HRM genotyping assay to identify clinical variants which may provide greater insight into the genetic distribution of M. pneumoniae strains. |
Evaluation of two real-time PCR chemistries for the detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in clinical specimens
Mitchell SL , Budhiraja S , Thurman KA , Lanier Thacker W , Winchell JM . Mol Cell Probes 2009 23 (6) 309-11 Chlamydophila pneumoniae is an atypical bacterial respiratory pathogen that is responsible for approximately 3-10% of community-acquired pneumonia cases. We report the evaluation of two distinct real-time PCR assays for rapid and specific detection of C. pneumoniae. We tested 401 clinical specimens, finding 5.7% positive, and confirmed a localized outbreak. |
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