Last data update: Apr 22, 2024. (Total: 46599 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Makio A [original query] |
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Flavivirus antibodies reactive to zika virus detected in multiple species of nonhuman primates in Kenya, 2008-2017
Makio A , Widdowson MA , Ambala P , Ozwara H , Munyua P , Hunsperger E . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023 23 (7) 393-396 Background: Zika virus (ZIKV), first described in 1947, is an arthropod-borne virus associated with sporadic outbreaks and interepidemic transmission. Recent studies have implicated nonhuman primates (NHPs) as the probable reservoir hosts. We tested archived serum samples of NHPs collected in Kenya for evidence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies. Methods: We randomly selected 212 archived serum samples from Institute of Primate Research in Kenya collected between 1992 and 2017. These specimens were tested by microneutralization test. Results: The 212 serum samples were collected in 7 counties from 87 (41.0%) Olive baboons, 69 (32.5%) Vervet monkeys, and 49 (23.1%) Sykes monkeys. Half (50.9%) were male and 56.4% were adult. We detected ZIKV antibodies in 38 (17.9%; 95% confidence interval: 13.3-23.6) samples. Conclusions: These results suggest ZIKV transmission and potential maintenance in nature by NHPs in Kenya. |
Detection of neutralizing antibodies against Zika virus in wild nonhuman primates in Rwanda
Umuhoza T , Makio A , Hunsperger E , Mudakikwa A , Muvunyi R , Nziza J , Widdowson MA . J Wildl Dis 2022 58 (4) 939-942 The range of nonhuman primate (NHP) species involved in Zika virus (ZIKV) sylvatic transmission is not known. We tested 97 NHP archived sera, collected from 2006 to 2016 in Rwandan National Parks, for neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV. Serum from one olive baboon (Papio anubis) was positive for ZIKV antibodies. |
Zika virus detection with 2013 serosurvey, Mombasa, Kenya
Hunsperger E , Odhiambo D , Makio A , Alando M , Ochieng M , Omballa V , Munyua P , Bigogo G , Njenga MK , Widdowson MA . Emerg Infect Dis 2020 26 (7) 1603-1605 Acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has not been confirmed in Kenya. In 2018, we used specimens collected in a 2013 dengue serosurvey study in Mombasa to test for ZIKV IgM. We confirmed specific ZIKV IgM positivity in 5 persons. These results suggest recent ZIKV transmission in the coastal region of Kenya. |
Dengue outbreak in Mombasa City, Kenya, 2013-2014: Entomologic investigations
Lutomiah J , Barrera R , Makio A , Mutisya J , Koka H , Owaka S , Koskei E , Nyunja A , Eyase F , Coldren R , Sang R . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 10 (10) e0004981 Dengue outbreaks were first reported in East Africa in the late 1970s to early 1980s including the 1982 outbreak on the Kenyan coast. In 2011, dengue outbreaks occurred in Mandera in northern Kenya and subsequently in Mombasa city along the Kenyan coast in 2013-2014. Following laboratory confirmation of dengue fever cases, an entomologic investigation was conducted to establish the mosquito species, and densities, causing the outbreak. Affected parts of the city were identified with the help of public health officials. Adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected using various tools, processed and screened for dengue virus (DENV) by cell culture and RT-PCR. All containers in every accessible house and compound within affected suburbs were inspected for immatures. A total of 2,065 Ae. aegypti adults were collected and 192 houses and 1,676 containers inspected. An overall house index of 22%, container index, 31.0% (indoor = 19; outdoor = 43) and Breteau index, 270.1, were observed, suggesting that the risk of dengue transmission was high. Overall, jerry cans were the most productive containers (18%), followed by drums (17%), buckets (16%), tires (14%) and tanks (10%). However, each site had specific most-productive container-types such as tanks (17%) in Kizingo; Drums in Nyali (30%) and Changamwe (33%), plastic basins (35%) in Nyali-B and plastic buckets (81%) in Ganjoni. We recommend that for effective control of the dengue vector in Mombasa city, all container types would be targeted. Measures would include proper covering of water storage containers and eliminating discarded containers outdoors through a public participatory environmental clean-up exercise. Providing reliable piped water to all households would minimize the need for water storage and reduce aquatic habitats. Isolation of DENV from male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is a first observation in Kenya and provides further evidence that transovarial transmission may have a role in DENV circulation and/or maintenance in the environment. |
Ticks and tick-borne viruses from livestock hosts in arid and semiarid regions of the eastern and northeastern parts of Kenya
Lutomiah J , Musila L , Makio A , Ochieng C , Koka H , Chepkorir E , Mutisya J , Mulwa F , Khamadi S , Miller BR , Bast J , Schnabel D , Wurapa EK , Sang R . J Med Entomol 2014 51 (1) 269-277 Biodiversity and relative abundance of ticks and associated arboviruses in Garissa (northeastern) and Isiolo (eastern) provinces of Kenya were evaluated. Ticks were collected from livestock, identified to species, pooled, and processed for virus isolation. In Garissa, Rhipicephalus pulchellus Gerstacker (57.8%) and Hyalomma truncatum Koch (27.8%) were the most abundant species sampled, whereas R. pulchellus (80.4%) and Amblyomma gemma Donitz (9.6%) were the most abundant in Isiolo. Forty-four virus isolates, comprising Dugbe virus (DUGV; n = 22) and Kupe virus (n = 10; Bunyaviridae: Nirovirus), Dhori virus (DHOV; n = 10; Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus), and Ngari virus (NRIV; n = 2; Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus), were recovered mostly from R. pulchellus sampled in Isiolo. DUGV was mostly recovered from R. pulchellus from sheep and cattle, and DHOV from R. pulchellus from sheep. All Kupe virus isolates were from Isiolo ticks, including R. pulchellus from all the livestock, A. gemma and Amblyomma variegatum F. from cattle, and H. truncatum from goat. NRIV was obtained from R. pulchellus and A. gemma sampled from cattle in Isiolo and Garissa, respectively, while all DHOV and most DUGV (n = 12) were from R. pulchellus sampled from cattle in Garissa. DUGV was also recovered from H. truncatum and Amblyomma hebraeum Koch from cattle and from Rhipicephalus annulatus Say from camel. This surveillance study has demonstrated the circulation of select tick-borne viruses in parts of eastern and northeastern provinces of Kenya, some of which are of public health importance. The isolation of NRIV from ticks is particularly significant because it is usually known to be a mosquito-borne virus affecting humans. |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in hyalommid ticks, northeastern Kenya
Sang R , Lutomiah J , Koka H , Makio A , Chepkorir E , Ochieng C , Yalwala S , Mutisya J , Musila L , Richardson JH , Miller BR , Schnabel D . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (8) 1502-5 As part of ongoing arbovirus surveillance, we screened ticks obtained from livestock in northeastern Kenya in 2008 to assess the risk for human exposure to tick-borne viruses. Of 1,144 pools of 8,600 Hyalomma spp. ticks screened for Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus by reverse transcription PCR, 23 pools were infected, demonstrating a potential for human exposure. |
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