Last data update: Sep 16, 2024. (Total: 47680 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Law HZ [original query] |
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Hospital burden of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in the United States, 2007
Iqbal S , Law HZ , Clower JH , Yip FY , Elixhauser A . Am J Emerg Med 2011 30 (5) 657-64 BACKGROUND: Unintentional, non-fire-related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning in the United States, but the overall hospital burden is unknown. This study presents patient characteristics and the most recent comprehensive national estimates of UNFR CO-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. METHODS: Data from the 2007 Nationwide Inpatient and Emergency Department Sample of the Hospitalization Cost and Utilization Project were analyzed. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' CO poisoning case definition was used to classify confirmed, probable, and suspected cases. RESULTS: In 2007, more than 230 000 ED visits (772 visits/million) and more than 22 000 hospitalizations (75 stays/million) were related to UNFR CO poisoning. Of these, 21 304 ED visits (71 visits/million) and 2302 hospitalizations (8 stays/million) were confirmed cases of UNFR CO poisoning. Among the confirmed cases, the highest ED visit rates were among persons aged 0 to 17 years (76 visits/million) and 18 to 44 years (87 visits/million); the highest hospitalization rate was among persons aged 85 years or older (18 stays/million). Women visited EDs more frequently than men, but men were more likely to be hospitalized. Patients residing in a nonmetropolitan area and in the northeast and midwest regions of the country had higher ED visit and hospitalization rates. Carbon monoxide exposures occurred mostly (>60%) at home. The hospitalization cost for confirmed CO poisonings was more than $26 million. CONCLUSION: Unintentional, non-fire-related CO poisonings pose significant economic and health burden; continuous monitoring and surveillance of CO poisoning are needed to guide prevention efforts. Public health programs should emphasize CO alarm use at home as the main prevention strategy. |
The role of income in reducing racial and ethnic disparities in emergency room and urgent care center visits for asthma-United States, 2001-2009
Law HZ , Oraka E , Mannino DM . J Asthma 2011 48 (4) 405-13 OBJECTIVE: To examine racial/ethnic disparities and associated factors in asthma-related emergency room (ER) and urgent care center (UCC) visits among US adults and determine whether disparities vary across increasing income strata. METHODS: We analyzed data from 238,678 adult respondents from the 2001 to 2009 National Health Interview Survey and calculated the weighted annual prevalence of an ER/UCC visit for persons with current asthma. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for asthma-related ER/UCC visits by race/ethnicity and income, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic, and other health-related factors. RESULTS: The average annual prevalence of asthma-related ER/UCC visits among adults with current asthma was highest for Puerto Ricans (24.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3-29.9) followed by non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives (22.1%, 95% CI: 14.4-32.4), non-Hispanic blacks (20.4%, 95% CI: 18.5-22.4), other Hispanics (17.3%, 95% CI: 15.0-19.9), Asians (11.0%, 95% CI: 7.8-15.4), and non-Hispanic whites (10.1%, 95% CI: 9.4-10.9). Puerto Ricans (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.54-2.62), non-Hispanic blacks (AOR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.46-2.03), and other Hispanics (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.25-1.92) with current asthma had significantly higher odds of an asthma-related ER/UCC visit than non-Hispanic whites. Lower socioeconomic status, obesity, and serious psychological distress were also associated with higher odds of asthma-related ER/UCC visits. Puerto Ricans with the lowest income (AOR: 3.52; 95% CI: 2.27-5.47), non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives with the highest income (AOR: 5.71; 95% CI: 1.48-22.13), and non-Hispanic blacks in every income stratum had significantly higher odds of asthma-related ER/UCC visits compared to non-Hispanic whites in the highest income stratum. CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic disparities in asthma-related ER/UCC visits persist after accounting for income and other socioeconomic factors. Further research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors directly associated to race/ethnicity to decrease the asthma burden on minority populations. |
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