Last data update: Jun 03, 2024. (Total: 46935 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Lasswell SM [original query] |
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Designation of neonatal levels of care: a review of state regulatory and monitoring policies
Kroelinger CD , Okoroh EM , Goodman DA , Lasswell SM , Barfield WD . J Perinatol 2019 40 (3) 369-376 OBJECTIVE: Summarize policies on levels of neonatal care designation among 50 states and District of Columbia (DC). STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of publicly available, web-based information on levels of neonatal care designation policies for each state/DC. Information on designating authorities, designation oversight, licensure requirement, and ongoing monitoring for designated levels of care abstracted from 2019 published rules, statutes, and regulations. RESULT: Thirty-one (61%) of 50 states/DC had designated authority policies for neonatal levels of care. Fourteen (27%) incorporated oversight of neonatal levels of care into the licensure process. Among jurisdictions with designated authority, 25 (81%) used a state agency and 15 (48%) had direct oversight. Twenty-two (71%) of 31 states with a designating authority required ongoing monitoring, 14 (64%) used both hospital reporting and site visits for monitoring with only ten requiring site visits. CONCLUSIONS: Limited direct oversight influences regulation of regionalized systems, potentially impacting facility service monitoring and consequent management of vulnerable infants. |
Comparison of state risk-appropriate neonatal care policies with the 2012 AAP policy statement
Kroelinger CD , Okoroh EM , Goodman DA , Lasswell SM , Barfield WD . J Perinatol 2017 38 (4) 411-420 OBJECTIVE: Compare state policies with standards outlined in the 2012 AAP Policy Statement on Levels of Neonatal Care. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic, web-based review of publicly available policies on levels of care in all states in 2014. Infant risk information, equipment capabilities, and specialty staffing were abstracted from published rules, statutes, and regulations. RESULT: Twenty-two states had a policy on regionalized perinatal care. State policies vary in consistency with the AAP Policy, with 60% of states including standards consistent with Level I criteria, 48% Level II, 14% Level III, and one state with Level IV. Ventilation capability standards are highly consistent (66-100%), followed by imaging capability standards (50-90%). Policy language on specialty staffing (44-68%), and subspecialty staffing (39-50%) are moderately consistent. CONCLUSION: State policies vary in consistency, a potentially significant barrier to monitoring, regulation, uniform care provision and measurement, and reporting of national-level measures on risk-appropriate care. |
Parents' reactions to testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a biomarker of sexual activity in Botswana junior secondary school students
Cham HJ , Lasswell SM , Miller KS . Sex Health 2016 13 (2) 148-154 Background: Use of sexual activity biomarkers in HIV prevention trials has been widely supported to validate self-reported data. When such trials involve minors, researchers may face challenges in obtaining parental buy-in, especially if return of results procedures uphold the confidentiality and privacy rights of minors and preclude parental access to test results. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with junior secondary school (JSS) students in Botswana, a formative assessment was conducted to assess parents' opinions and concerns about testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (biomarker of sexual activity) as part of the RCT. Methods: Six focus groups were held with parents (n≤32) of JSS students from urban, peri-urban and rural communities. Parents were asked their opinions of students being tested for HSV-2 and procedures for blood sample collection and return of results. Results: Overall, parents were supportive of HSV-2 testing, which they thought was a beneficial sexual health resource for adolescents and parents, and a motivation for parent-child communication about HSV-2, sexual activity and sexual abuse. Some parents supported the proposed plan to disclose HSV-2 test results to adolescents only, citing the importance of adolescent privacy and the possibility of HSV-2 positive adolescents being stigmatised by family members. Conversely, opposing parents requested parental access to results. These parents were concerned that adolescents may experience distress following a positive result and withhold this information thereby reducing parents' abilities to provide support. Parents were also concerned about support for victims of sexual abuse. Conclusion: Although the present study demonstrates that parents can be accepting of sexual activity biomarker testing of adolescents, more research is needed to identify best approaches for returning test results. |
United States and territory policies supporting maternal and neonatal transfer: review of transport and reimbursement
Okoroh EM , Kroelinger CD , Lasswell SM , Goodman DA , Williams AM , Barfield WD . J Perinatol 2015 36 (1) 30-4 OBJECTIVE: Summarize policies that support maternal and neonatal transport among states and territories. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of publicly available, web-based information on maternal and neonatal transport for each state and territory in 2014. Information was abstracted from published rules, statutes, regulations, planning documents and program descriptions. Abstracted information was summarized within two categories: transport and reimbursement. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of states and 25% of territories had a policy for neonatal transport; 60% of states and one territory had a policy for maternal transport. Sixty-two percent of states had a reimbursement policy for neonatal transport, whereas 20% reimbursed for maternal transport. Thirty-two percent of states had an infant back-transport policy while 16% included back-transport for both. No territories had reimbursement or back-transport policies. CONCLUSION: The lack of development of maternal transport reimbursement and neonatal back-transport policies negatively impacts the achievements of risk-appropriate care, a strategy focused on improving perinatal outcomes. |
Impact of parent-child communication interventions on sex behaviors and cognitive outcomes for black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino youth: a systematic review, 1988-2012
Sutton MY , Lasswell SM , Lanier Y , Miller KS . J Adolesc Health 2014 54 (4) 369-384 PURPOSE: We reviewed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI)- behavioral interventions implemented with disproportionately affected black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino youth and designed to improve parent-child communications about sex. We compared their effectiveness in improving sex-related behavior or cognitive outcomes. METHODS: A search of electronic databases identified peer-reviewed studies published between 1988 and 2012. Eligible studies were U.S.-based parent-child communication interventions with active parent components, experimental and quasiexperimental designs, measurement of youth sexual health outcomes, and enrollment of ≥50% black/African-American or Hispanic/Latino youth. We conducted systematic, primary reviews of eligible papers to abstract data on study characteristics and youth outcomes. RESULTS: Fifteen studies evaluating 14 interventions were eligible. Although youth outcome measures and follow-up times varied, 13 of 15 studies (87%) showed at least one significantly improved youth sexual health outcome compared with controls (p < .05). Common components of effective interventions included joint parent and child session attendance, promotion of parent/family involvement, sexuality education for parents, developmental and/or cultural tailoring, and opportunities for parents to practice new communication skills with their youth. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-child communication interventions that include parents of youth disproportionately affected by HIV/STIs can effectively reduce sexual risk for youth. These interventions may help reduce HIV/STI-related health disparities and improve sexual health outcomes. |
Families matter! Presexual risk prevention intervention
Miller KS , Lasswell SM , Riley DB , Poulsen MN . Am J Public Health 2013 103 (11) e16-20 Parent-based HIV prevention programming may play an important role in reaching youths early to help establish lifelong patterns of safe and healthy sexual behaviors. Families Matter! is a 5-session, evidence-based behavioral intervention designed for primary caregivers of children aged 9 to 12 years to promote positive parenting and effective parent-child communication about sexuality and sexual risk reduction. The program's 5-step capacity-building model was implemented with local government, community, and faith-based partners in 8 sub-Saharan African countries with good intervention fidelity and high levels of participant retention. Families Matter! may be useful in other resource-constrained settings. |
Parent-child communication for youth HIV prevention in Kenya: letter to the editor in response to "voices unheard: youth and sexuality in the wake of HIV prevention in Kenya"
Miller KS , Lasswell SM , Vandenhoudt H . Sex Reprod Healthc 2011 2 (3) 135 We read ‘‘Voices unheard: Youth and sexuality in the wake of | HIV prevention in Kenya’’ with great interest, and would like to | share information that relates directly to the conclusions reached | in this paper. The Families Matter! Program [1], is an evidencebased | intervention that increases parent–child communication | about sexuality and sexual risk and provides parents the skills, | knowledge and confidence to talk with their children about sex | early and often [2]. The program addresses many of the issues | highlighted in the paper’s results, including parental barriers to | communication and youth peer pressure. To date over 100,000 | Kenyan parents/guardians in 7 provinces have received the Families | Matter! intervention. The program is also being implemented | in seven additional African countries. The Families Matter! Program | has been very well received in Kenya. Parents and caregivers | consistently report very high levels of satisfaction and intention to | communicate with their children, with retention of participants | above 90% across the five intervention sessions. | Thank you for publishing this important research highlighting | the importance of open communication between youth and | trusted adults |
Perinatal regionalization for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants: a meta-analysis
Lasswell SM , Barfield WD , Rochat RW , Blackmon L . JAMA 2010 304 (9) 992-1000 CONTEXT: For more than 30 years, guidelines for perinatal regionalization have recommended that very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants be born at highly specialized hospitals, most commonly designated as level III hospitals. Despite these recommendations, some regions continue to have large percentages of VLBW infants born in lower-level hospitals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate published data on associations between hospital level at birth and neonatal or predischarge mortality for VLBW and very preterm (VPT) infants. DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of published literature (1976-May 2010) in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed databases and manual searches of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Forty-one publications met a priori inclusion criteria (randomized controlled trial, cohort, and case-control studies measuring neonatal or predischarge mortality among live-born infants < or = 1500 g or < or = 32 weeks' gestation delivered at a level III vs lower-level facility). Paired reviewers independently assessed publications for inclusion and extracted data using standardized forms. Discrepancies were decided by a third reviewer. Publications were reviewed for quality by 3 authors based on 2 content areas: adjustment for confounding and description of hospital levels. We calculated weighted, combined odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model and comparative unadjusted pooled mortality rates. DATA SYNTHESIS: We observed increased odds of death for VLBW infants (38% vs 23%; adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.83) and VPT infants (15% vs 17%; adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-1.98) born outside of level III hospitals. Consistent results were obtained when restricted to higher-quality evidence (mortality in VLBW infants, 36% vs 21%; adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.33-1.92 and in VPT infants, 7% vs 12%; adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.88) and infants weighing less than 1000 g (59% vs 32%; adjusted OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31-2.46). No significant differences were found through subgroup analysis of study characteristics. Meta-regression by year of publication did not reveal a change over time (slope, 0.00; P = .87). CONCLUSION: For VLBW and VPT infants, birth outside of a level III hospital is significantly associated with increased likelihood of neonatal or predischarge death. |
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